44 research outputs found

    Administrative responsibility for withholding transient

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    Este ensayo está orientado en proporcionar al lector un conocimiento puntual, referente al tema de la aplicación de la retención transitoria como medio de protección de los derechos fundamentales, su aplicación en el ejercicio de la actividad de Policía y la inviabilidad jurídica para que las asambleas departamental o los concejos municipales mediante la expedición de ordenanzas y acuerdos que reglamentan la aplicación de esta medida correctiva, utilizando para el desarrollo del tema el método de tipo descriptivo, en donde se analizaron la normatividad y las posturas jurisprudenciales que existen al respecto, evidenciando que estos organismos no son los competentes para limitar o restringir derechos fundamentales; sin embargo su indebida aplicación por el órgano colegiado o la Policía Nacional genera responsabilidad administrativa.POLICÍA NACIONALThis paper is aimed to provide the reader with a detailed knowledge concerning the subject of the application for transitional retention as a means of protection of fundamental rights application in the exercise of police activity and legal impossibility for the departmental assemblies or municipal councils by issuing ordinances and agreements regulating the application of this remedy, used for the development of the subject method descriptive, where regulations and jurisprudential positions that exist in this regard were analyzed, showing that these agencies are not competent to limit or restrict fundamental rights; but its misapplication by the College or the National Police generates administrative responsibility

    Sincronización de estros en bovinos con dos fuentes de prostaglandinas

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    Se comparó el dinoprost trometamina vs. cloprostenol con respecto a respuesta al estro, tasa de fertilidad y costos. El protocolo 1 (P1) consistió en la aplicación de CIDR-B por siete días, aplicando 1.0 mg de cipionato de estradiol al día 0, al T1 se le aplicó 0.30 mg de dinoprost trometamina al retiro del CIDR-B y al T2: 0.52 mg de cloprostenol. El protocolo 2 (P2) consistió en la aplicación de dos inyecciones de PGF2α con intervalo de 11 d (T1: 0.30 mg de dinoprost trometamina y T2: 0.52 mg de cloprostenol). La detección de estros en P1 se realizó el día nueve; en P2, fue posterior a la inyección. La inseminación artificial fue realizada 12 a 18 h después del inicio de estro en ambos protocolos. Para evaluar el porcentaje de estros se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrada. El porcentaje de preñez en P1 se evaluó por la prueba exacta de Fisher y en P2 se empleó un modelo para datos categóricos. El porcentaje de estros para P1 fue100%enambosgruposyparaP292(T1)y88%(T2).Los porcentajes de preñez para P1 16.67 (T1) y 38.46 % (T2); P2 52 (T1) y 44 % (T2). La T1 y T2 se comportaron de manera similar, concluyéndose que T2 es más recomendable, ya que es 25 % más económico. Abstract Dinoprost tromethamine and cloprostenol were compared regarding estrus percentage, rate of pregnancy and costs. Protocol 1 (P1) consisted in the application of CIDR-B by 7 days with 1.0 mg of estradiol cypionate at day 0. T1 was treated with 0.30 mg of dinoprost tromethamine (PGF2a) when CIDR-B was withdrawn and T2 just 0.52 mg of cloroprostenol. Protocol 2 (P2) consisted in the application of two injections of PGF2α within 11 days interval (T1: 0.30 mg of dinoprost tromethamine and T2: 0.52 mg of cloprostenol. Estrus detection in P1 was evaluated at day 9, while for P2 was evaluated after injection. Artificial insemination was carried out 12 to 18 h after estrus onset for both protocols. Estrus percentage was evaluated by a Chi Square Test, rate of pregnancy in P1 was analyzed by a Fisher Exact Test while P2 by a Categorical Data Model Estrus percentage was 100 % for both groups of P1 and for P2 was 92 % (T1) and 88 % (T2); rate of pregnancy was for P1 16.67 (T1) and 38.46 % (T2). For P2,was 52 % (T1) and 44 % (T2). Similar response was observed for T1 and T2. In conclusion, T2 is more recommendable because is 25 % cheaper. Keywords: Dinoprost trometamina, cloprostenol, estrus, fertility, inseminatio

    Consensus on early detection of disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis

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    BackgroundEarly identification of the transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to secondary progressive MS (SPMS) can be challenging for clinicians, as diagnostic criteria for SPMS are primarily based on physical disability and a holistic interpretation.ObjectiveTo establish a consensus on patient monitoring to identify promptly disease progression and the most useful clinical and paraclinical variables for early identification of disease progression in MS.MethodsA RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to establish the level of agreement among a panel of 15 medical experts in MS. Eighty-three items were circulated to the experts for confidential rating of the grade of agreement and recommendation. Consensus was defined when ≥66% agreement or disagreement was achieved.ResultsConsensus was reached in 72 out of 83 items (86.7%). The items addressed frequency of follow-up visits, definition of progression, identification of clinical, cognitive, and radiological assessments as variables of suspected or confirmed SPMS diagnosis, the need for more accurate assessment tools, and the use of promising molecular and imaging biomarkers to predict disease progression and/or diagnose SPMS.ConclusionConsensus achieved on these topics could guide neurologists to identify earlier disease progression and to plan targeted clinical and therapeutic interventions during the earliest stages of SPMS

    Hacia la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento: Informe 2012

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    Por séptimo año consecutivo el Prosic presenta su informe anual “Hacia la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento en Costa Rica, 2012”, cuyo propósito es aportar cada año nueva información sobre cómo progresan las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en los diferentes sectores de la sociedad. La Web es hoy en día la mayor fuente de información; definitivamente la forma de comunicarnos ha cambiado: la inmediatez del correo electrónico, los SMS, las redes sociales, el microblogging, los datos abiertos entre muchos otros, abren un gran abanico de oportunidades en la interactividad del quehacer diario: trabajo, estudios, investigación, diversión, familia etc. En esta era de la información las nuevas tecnologías están marcando un cambio fundamental en nuestro país; para muchos habitantes de la ciudad, es casi imposible imaginar la vida sin las TIC. La importancia de este Informe anual del Prosic reside, entre otros elementos, en la exploración de dimensiones diversas concernientes a la incorporación de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en la interacción social cotidiana, tanto en el ámbito privado como público, en la educación, en la salud, en la ciencia y la investigación, la ingeniería, la física y en la economía; en fin en todos los sectores de esta sociedad de la información cada vez en mayor convergencia.UCR::Rectoría::Programa Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento (PROSIC

    Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

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    The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

    Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

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    (1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery
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