Design of a blow off valve for turbocharged engine applications

On a turbo engine, the Blow of Valve (BOV) is used to relieve the pressure from the turbo output when the throttle is closed. Without the BO y, when the throttle is closed the turbo is suddenly trying to pump air against a closed throttle plate. This creates pressure spike in the turbo output hose and will send back the pressure to the turbine and can damage the turbo engine. When the throttle is opened again, the turbo has to spin up again, creating turbo lag. So, the present of the BOY will opened when the throttle is closed and pressurized the pressure spike to the air to avoid those phenomena. So, good flow of the air inside the BOV is important, the air will smoothly pressurized to the atmosphere if there is no back pressure inside the system. Computer aided design (CAD) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software were used as a tool for the design. This design is the improvement of the aftermarket design. The piston surface, size of vent, inlet ports, outlet ports, and also spring plays the role in the BOy. The design analyzed using CFD so can see the flow trajectories of the air inside the BOy

Hypothesis for Hypersonic Flight development

The aim of this work is to promote the hypersonic flight in order to improve both the affordability of the access to space and the terrestrial flight transportation increasing flight range and reducing flight time. A strategic air vehicle is envisaged partially employing state-of-the-art technologies focusing on configuration and feasibility studies. The purpose is obviously to indicate the technologies on which concentrating the design efforts. To enable the development of future spacecraft, it is believed that the effort have to focused on the development, at low cost, of new technology demonstrator aircraft based on suborbital “tourism spacecraft” and fighter aircraft. An important goal would be the development of small and affordable aircraft able to perform the hypersonic cruise

Trophic ecology of Mugil liza at the southern limit of its distribution (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

In order to get to know the habitat and feeding habits of Mugil liza on the southern coast of Buenos Aires province, 65 specimens obtained at two sampling sites - the San Blas bay (SBB) and the mouth of the Quequén-Salado river (QSR) - during spring (November 2012) and summer (February 2013) were analyzed. Specimens were measured, sexed and weighed, their stomachs were removed and their stomach contents weighed and analyzed under the stereoscopic microscope. The specimens were adults, 28-49 cm in length and weighing 380-1100 g. Population growth was higher in the SBB (TW: 0.003*TL3.36), than in RQS (TW: 0.045*TL2.61). About 98% of the stomachs had some content, their repletion rate being of between 0.4 and 1.2%. About 75% of the stomachs contained very fine sand with few benthic organisms (algae, copepods, foraminifera), whereas the remaining 25% of stomachs contained coarse sand and a greater presence of benthic fauna (amphipods, bivalves, gastropods and coral organisms). The linear relationship between the weight of stomach contents and the total weight and length of the fish showed that the rates of growth (slope) were the same at both sites, but intercept values were significantly higher for San Blas bay (test parallelism; p < 0.001).Para conhecer o habitat e os hábitos alimentares de Mugil liza na costa sul de Buenos Aires, 65 exemplares obtidos durante a primavera (novembro de 2012) e o verão (fevereiro de 2013) foram analisados em duas áreas de amostragem: na Baía San Blas (SBB) e na foz do rio Quequén-Salado (QSR). Os exemplares foram medidos, pesados, o sexo foi identificado, os estômagos foram removidos e os conteúdos estomacais pesados e analisados sob estereomicroscópio. Os espécimes de M. liza eram adultos com comprimentos entre 28-49 cm e pesos entre 380-1100 g. O crescimento populacional foi maior na SBB (TW: 0,003*TLx3,36), do que na QSR (TW: 0.045*TL2.61). Em 98% dos estômagos, havia conteúdo estomacal e o índice de repleção variou entre 0,4 e 1,2%. Um total de 75% dos conteúdos estomacais foi composto de areia muito fina, com pouca presença de organismos bentônicos (algas, copépodas, foraminíferos), enquanto que em 25% dos estômagos havia areia grossa, com um aumento da presença de organismos da fauna bentônica (anfípodas, bivalves, gastrópodes e corais). As relações lineares entre o peso do conteúdo estomacal e o peso total e comprimento do peixe mostraram que as taxas de crescimento (inclinação) foram as mesmas em ambas as áreas de amostragem, mas os valores do intercepto foram significativamente maiores na Baía San Blas (teste t; p < 0,001)