126 research outputs found
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Inventory of Boreal Fire Emissions for North America in 2004: The Importance of Peat Burning and Pyro-Convective Injection
The summer of 2004 was one of the largest fire seasons on record for Alaska and western Canada. We construct a daily bottom-up fire emission inventory for that season, including consideration of peat burning and high-altitude (buoyant) injection, and evaluate it in a global chemical transport model (the GEOS-Chem CTM) simulation of CO through comparison with MOPITT satellite and ICARTT aircraft observations. The inventory is constructed by combining daily area burned reports and MODIS fire hot spots with estimates of fuel consumption and emission factors based on ecosystem type. We estimate the contribution from peat burning using drainage and peat distribution maps for Alaska and Canada; 17% of the reported 5.1 Ă 106 ha burned were located in peatlands in 2004. Our total estimate of North American fire emissions during the summer of 2004 is 30 Tg CO, including 11 Tg from peat. Including peat burning in the GEOS-Chem simulation improves agreement with MOPITT observations. The long-range transport of fire plumes observed by MOPITT suggests that the largest fires injected a significant fraction of their emissions in the upper troposphere.Earth and Planetary SciencesEngineering and Applied Science
Towards greater transparency and coherence in funding for sustainable marine fisheries and healthy oceans
This final manuscript in the special issue on âFunding for ocean conservation and sustainable fisheriesâ is the result of a dialogue aimed at connecting lead authors of the special issue manuscripts with relevant policymakers and practitioners. The dialogue took place over the course of a two-day workshop in December 2018, and this âcodaâ manuscript seeks to distil thinking around a series of key recurring topics raised throughout the workshop. These topics are collected into three broad categories, or âneedsâ: 1) a need for transparency, 2) a need for coherence, and 3) a need for improved monitoring of project impacts. While the special issue sought to collect new research into the latest trends and developments in the rapidly evolving world of funding for ocean conservation and sustainable fisheries, the insights collected during the workshop have helped to highlight remaining knowledge gaps. Therefore, each of the three âneedsâ identified within this manuscript is followed by a series of questions that the workshop participants identified as warranting further attention as part of a future research agenda. The crosscutting nature of many of the issues raised as well as the rapid pace of change that characterizes this funding landscape both pointed to a broader need for continued dialogue and study that reaches across the communities of research, policy and practice.S
Methotrexate and relative risk of dementia amongst patients with rheumatoid arthritis:A multi-national multi-database case-control study
Background: Inflammatory processes have been shown to play a role in dementia. To understand this role, we selected two anti-inflammatory drugs (methotrexate and sulfasalazine) to study their association with dementia risk. Methods: A retrospective matched case-control study of patients over 50 with rheumatoid arthritis (486 dementia cases and 641 controls) who were identified from ele
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Plasma Imaging, LOcal Measurement, and Tomographic experiment (PILOT): a mission concept for transformational multi-scale observations of mass and energy flow dynamics in Earthâs magnetosphere
We currently do not understand the fundamental physical processes that govern mass and energy flow through the Earthâs magnetosphere. Knowledge of these processes is critical to understanding the mass loss rate of Earthâs atmosphere, as well as for determining the role that a planetary magnetic field plays in atmospheric retention, and therefore habitability, for Earth-like planets beyond the solar system. Mass and energy flow processes are challenging to determine at Earth in part because Earthâs planetary magnetic field creates a complex âsystem of systemsâ composed of interdependent plasma populations and overlapping spatial regions that perpetually exchange mass and energy across a broad range of temporal and spatial scales. Further, the primary mass carrier in the magnetosphere is cold plasma (as cold as âŒ0.1 eV), which is invisible to many space-borne instruments that operate in the inner magnetosphere. The Plasma Imaging LOcal and Tomographic experiment (PILOT) mission concept, described here, provides the transformational multi-scale observations required to answer fundamental open questions about mass and energy flow dynamics in the Earthâs magnetosphere. PILOT uses a constellation of spacecraft to make radio tomographic, remote sensing, and in-situ measurements simultaneously, fully capturing cold plasma mass dynamics and its impact on magnetospheric systems over an unprecedented range of spatial and temporal scales. This article details the scientific motivation for the PILOT mission concept as well as a potential mission implementation.AGS-1845151 - National Science FoundationPublished versio
Enhancing field GP engagement in hospital-based studies. Rationale, design, main results and participation in the diagest 3-GP motivation study
TOI-199 b: A well-characterized 100-day transiting warm giant planet with TTVs seen from Antarctica
We present the spectroscopic confirmation and precise mass measurement of the
warm giant planet TOI-199 b. This planet was first identified in TESS
photometry and confirmed using ground-based photometry from ASTEP in Antarctica
including a full 6.5h long transit, PEST, Hazelwood, and LCO; space
photometry from NEOSSat; and radial velocities (RVs) from FEROS, HARPS,
CORALIE, and CHIRON. Orbiting a late G-type star, TOI-199\,b has a
period, a mass of
, and a radius of .
It is the first warm exo-Saturn with a precisely determined mass and radius.
The TESS and ASTEP transits show strong transit timing variations, pointing to
the existence of a second planet in the system. The joint analysis of the RVs
and TTVs provides a unique solution for the non-transiting companion TOI-199 c,
which has a period of and an estimated
mass of . This period places it within
the conservative Habitable Zone.Comment: 33 pages, 23 figures. Accepted for publication in A
Three Saturn-mass planets transiting F-type stars revealed with TESS and HARPS
While the sample of confirmed exoplanets continues to increase, the
population of transiting exoplanets around early-type stars is still limited.
These planets allow us to investigate the planet properties and formation
pathways over a wide range of stellar masses and study the impact of high
irradiation on hot Jupiters orbiting such stars. We report the discovery of
TOI-615b, TOI-622b, and TOI-2641b, three Saturn-mass planets transiting main
sequence, F-type stars. The planets were identified by the Transiting Exoplanet
Survey Satellite (TESS) and confirmed with complementary ground-based and
radial velocity observations. TOI-615b is a highly irradiated (1277
) and bloated Saturn-mass planet (1.69
and 0.43) in a 4.66 day orbit transiting a 6850 K
star. TOI-622b has a radius of 0.82 and a mass of
0.30~ in a 6.40 day orbit. Despite its high
insolation flux (600 ), TOI-622b does not show any evidence
of radius inflation. TOI-2641b is a 0.37 planet in a
4.88 day orbit with a grazing transit (b = 1.04) that
results in a poorly constrained radius of 1.61.
Additionally, TOI-615b is considered attractive for atmospheric studies via
transmission spectroscopy with ground-based spectrographs and .
Future atmospheric and spin-orbit alignment observations are essential since
they can provide information on the atmospheric composition, formation and
migration of exoplanets across various stellar types.Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures, submitted to A&
Congenital and childhood atrioventricular blocks: pathophysiology and contemporary management
Atrioventricular block is classified as congeni-
tal if diagnosed in utero, at birth, or within the first
month of life. The pathophysiological process is believed
to be due to immune-mediated injury of the conduction
system, which occurs as a result of transplacental pas-
sage of maternal anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies.
Childhood atrioventricular block is therefore diagnosed
between the first month and the 18th year of life.
Genetic variants in multiple genes have been described
to date in the pathogenesis of inherited progressive car-
diac conduction disorders. Indications and techniques of
cardiac pacing have also evolved to allow safe perma-
nent cardiac pacing in almost all patients, including
those with structural heart abnormalities
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