Tampa at the Close of the Nineteenth Century

Before the advent of the tobacco industry, Tampa was a population center of slight importance in the State of Florida. Fishing, wood-cutting, and the cultivation of certain vegetables were the principal occupation of its few inhabitants. Located on sandy and relatively arid ground which was covered by few trees other than stunted pines and unexploitable palmetto palms, the extensive prairies of the region were marked principally by numerous marshes and a few sulphur springs. It was not an infrequent occurrence among the isolated thickets to stumble upon an apparently sleeping alligator or a scarcely less dangerous rattlesnake or water moccasin

Using materials in the pavement structures which contain microfines in its granulometry

Ampliando las posibilidades de usar materiales en las estructuras de pavimento que contengan microfinos en su gradación, se tendrá una opción adicional de ahorro ambiental, económico y logístico en los proyectos de construcción y rehabilitación de pavimentos. El comportamiento que una estructura vial tendrá durante su vida útil es un claro reflejo de su proceso constructivo, lo cual va más allá de su diseño, es por esto que los procedimientos y controles en obra son vitales y definitivos al momento de obtener estructuras durables. Actualmente en Colombia se encuentran microfinos como subproducto resultante de muchas actividades los cuales se pueden almacenar, reutilizar y viabilizar su uso, iniciando con la estructura soporte del urbanismo hasta lograr incluirlos en las estructuras de los pavimentos.In order to expand the possibilities of using materials in the pavement structures which contain microfines in its granulometry. It will obtain an additional option of environmental, economic and logistic saving in the construction and rehabilitation of pavement. The behaviour that a road structure will have during its useful life is a clear reflect of its constructive process, it means that it is more important that it is design. In this way, the process and controls in construction are vital and definitive in order to get durable structures. Now days, in Colombia it is used microfine as sub- products of a lot of activities which can be stored, reused as well as feasible its use, starting with the support structure of the urbanism until getting including in the pavement structures

CNT Metamaterial Fabrication 3D Printing Mask Process

The demand for clean energy is rising with the global population. Renewable energy sources, such as solar, will play a key role in the years ahead. Solar energy has a key problem with energy storage as the energy produced during peak solar hours must be used immediately or stored. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have unique electrostatic properties, similar to metals, capable of producing and storing electric energy in the form of a capacitor. The CNTs are to be arranged in a pattern using 3D printing to generate a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) metamaterial. Past research has shown generating CNT SRR patterns is possible using a Focused Ion Beam (FIB). FIB allows for limited sample size to be patterned for CNT growth. On the other hand, 3D printed shadow masks enable SRR patterns on a larger sample size. Today’s 3D printing technology cannot achieve the same resolution as FIB patterning yet are capable of producing larger samples. In the present research, a 3D model of a shadow mask with the desired SRR pattern was created using Fusion 360 and printed using Phrozen Sonic Mini 8K 3D printer. For the CNT synthesis process, first, heat-treated Silicon Oxide substrate was placed into a RF magnetic sputtering to deposit the first catalyst film of Aluminum Oxide using Argon plasma. The sample then was removed from the chamber to place the mask on and placed back in to sputter an Iron catalyst layer. The sample was then taken to a thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber in which it was annealed to 730° C and afterwards exposed to acetylene gas to generate CNTs

Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool to study organic biradicals

Since -conjugated organic molecules were probed as potential semiconducting materials, suitable for replacing the widely used silicon technologies, their structural, optical and conductive properties have been under study to improve their application in organic electronics and to make possible their ad hoc synthesis. In this sense, the modification of the -electron delocalization path is one of the available tools to tune the properties of the molecules to obtain the desired characteristics for the fabrication of these devices. One of the parameters employed to tailor -conjugated organic molecules for organic electronics is the diradical character. A progressive change in the diradical contribution to the ground electronic state structure can tune some of the main system features, highlighting the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and the aggregation mode. The main drawback of this approach is the loss of chemical stability when increasing the diradical character of these molecules. On the other hand, the -electron delocalization can be interrupted introducing a perpendicularly conjugated path. The competition of these two cross-conjugated patterns leads to a new 2-dimensional delocalization scenario that changes the electronic properties of the studied materials. In this project, we present a stable quinoidal quaterthiophene diradical that possess outstanding stability and conductivity properties. [1] The combination of the diradical character together with the possibility to delocalize the electron density through two different perpendicular paths explain its exceptional behavior in comparison with the other members of the series, or with its linearly conjugated analogues. The balance between these two properties has been evaluated through UV-Vis-NIR electronic spectroscopy and Raman and IR vibrational spectroscopy in the neutral and charged forms of the target molecule and similar non-cross-conjugated samples.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Covalent immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase at alkaline pH and their application in the regioselective deprotection of per-O-acetylated thymidine

Lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) was stabilized at alkaline pH to overcome the inactivation problem and was immobilized for the first time by multipoint covalent attachment on different aldehyde-activated matrices. PEG was used as a stabilizing agent on the activity of CRL. At these conditions, CRL maintained 50% activity at pH 10 after 17 h incubation in the presence of 40% (w/v) of PEG, whereas the enzyme without additive was instantaneously inactive after incubation at pH 10. Thus, this enzyme was covalently immobilized at alkaline pH on three aldehyde-activated supports: aldehyde-activated Sepharose, aldehyde-activated Lewatit105 and heterofunctional aldehyde-activated EDA-Sepharose in high overall yields. Heterogeneous stable CRL catalysts at high temperature and solvent were obtained. The aldehyde-activated Sepharose-CRL preparation maintained 70% activity at 50 °C or 30% (v/v) acetonitrile after 22 h and exhibited high regioselectivity in the deprotection process of per-O-acetylated thymidine, producing the 3ʹ-OH-5ʹ-OAc-thymidine in 91% yield at pH 5.Fil: Rivero, Cintia Wanda. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Investigación en Biotecnología Sustentable; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Palomo, Jose M.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Españ

Comunicación en Gestión de Crisis o Crisis en la Gestión de las comunicaciones: El caso BP y el derrame de petróleo en el Golfo de México

In the first semester 2010, we learned abour the BP oil company crisis ocurred in the Gulf of Mexico Coast which attracted the world's an ention and concern because of irsextent and consequences as well as for the importance provided by the media. This situation made BP lose thousands of millions of dollars in a short time, not only because the company became directly responsible but also because of indirect repercussions generated by inadequate crisis management of executives, diiectors and consultantt.El primer semesrre de 2010, los medios de comunicación nos eraje ron la noticia de la  crisis de la empresa petrolera britán ica BP (British Petroleum), ocurrida en las costas delGolfo de México, que concitó la atención y preocupación mundial, tanto por su magnitud y consecuencias como por el alcance mediático. Esta situación llevó a BP a perder milesde millones de dólares en muy poco tiempo, no solo al responsabilizársele de los hechos directamente relacionados con el accidente, sino por las repercusiones indirectas generadasa partir del manejo no adecuado de la crisis por parte de sus ejecutivos, directivos y consultores