Pengaruh Likuiditas, Debt to Asset ratio, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Perputaran Modal Kerja Terhadap Profitabilitas

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas, debt to asset ratio, ukuran perusahaan, dan perputaran modal kerja terhadap profitabilitas (studi kasus pada perusahaan property, real estate, dan building construction yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2019). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekplanasi dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dengan teknik pengambilan data purposive sampling pada 10 perusahaan terbuka dalam 5 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji asumsi klasik dengan alat bantu SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial debt to asset ratio dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, sedangkan likuiditas dan perputaran modal kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas dan hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas, debt to asset ratio, ukuran perusahaan, dan perputaran modal kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas

Economic analysis of royalactin production under uncertainty: Evaluating the effect of parameter optimization.

Royalactin is a protein with several different potential uses in humans. Research, in insects and in mammalian cells, has shown that it can accelerate cell division and prevent apoptosis. The method of action is through the use of the epidermal growth factor receptor, which is present in humans. Potential use in humans could be to lower cholesterolemic levels in blood, and to elicit similar effects to those seen in bees, e.g., increased lifespan. Mass production of Royalactin has not been accomplished, though a recent article presented a Pichia pastoris fermentation and recovery by aqueous two-phase systems at laboratory scale as a possible basis for production. Economic modelling is a useful tool with which compare possible outcomes for the production of such a molecule and in particular, to locate areas where additional research is needed and optimization may be required. This study uses the BioSolve software to perform an economic analysis on the scale-up of the putative process for Royalactin. The key parameters affecting the cost of production were located via a sensitivity analysis and then evaluated by Monte Carlo analysis. Results show that if titer is not optimized the strategy to maintain a low cost of goods is process oriented. After optimization of this parameter the strategy changes to a product-oriented and the target output becomes the critical parameter determining the cost of goods. This study serves to provide a framework for the evaluation of strategies for future production of Royalactin, by analyzing the factors that influence its cost of manufacture. © 2015 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2015

The portuguese self-administered computerised 24-hour dietary recall

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.Rationale: Measuring the diets of school-aged children is a challenging process. Technology offers the opportunity to automate more accurate methods of dietary assessment, making them less expensive, easier to use and an alternative to nutritionist interviews.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Intra-urban variation in tuberculosis and community socioeconomic deprivation in Lisbon metropolitan area: a Bayesian approach

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a recognized threat to global efforts to TB control and remains a priority of the National Tuberculosis Programs. Additionally, social determinants and socioeconomic deprivation have since long been associated with worse health and perceived as important risk factors for TB. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of non-MDR-TB and MDR-TB across parishes of the Lisbon metropolitan area of Portugal and to estimate the association between non-MDR-TB and MDR-TB and socioeconomic deprivation. Methods: In this study, we used hierarchical Bayesian spatial models to analyze the spatial distribution of notification of non-MDR-TB and MDR-TB cases for the period from 2000 to 2016 across 127 parishes of the seven municipalities of the Lisbon metropolitan area (Almada, Amadora, Lisboa, Loures, Odivelas, Oeiras, Sintra), using the Portuguese TB Surveillance System (SVIG-TB). In order to characterise the populations, we used the European Deprivation Index for Portugal (EDI-PT) as an indicator of poverty and estimated the association between non-MDR-TB and MDR-TB and socioeconomic deprivation. Results: The notification rates per 10,000 population of non-MDR TB ranged from 18.95 to 217.49 notifications and that of MDR TB ranged from 0.83 to 3.70. We identified 54 high-risk areas for non-MDR-TB and 13 high-risk areas for MDR-TB. Parishes in the third [relative risk (RR) = 1.281, 95% credible interval (CrI): 1.021–1.606], fourth (RR = 1.786, 95% CrI: 1.420–2.241) and fifth (RR = 1.935, 95% CrI: 1.536–2.438) quintile of socioeconomic deprivation presented higher non-MDR-TB notifications rates. Parishes in the fourth (RR = 2.246, 95% CrI: 1.374–3.684) and fifth (RR = 1.828, 95% CrI: 1.049–3.155) quintile of socioeconomic deprivation also presented higher MDR-TB notifications rates. Conclusions: We demonstrated significant heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of both non-MDR-TB and MDR-TB at the parish level and we found that socioeconomically disadvantaged parishes are disproportionally affected by both non-MDR-TB and MDR-TB. Our findings suggest that the emergence of MDR-TB and transmission are specific from each location and often different from the non-MDR-TB settings. We identified priority areas for intervention for a more efficient plan of control and prevention of non-MDR-TB and MDR-TB. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s).This work has been funded by National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)—project UIDB/50026/2020, UIDP/50026/2020 and PTDC/SAU-PUB/29521/2017. This study was also supported by FEDER through the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalization and national funding through the Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education) under the Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit) (UIDB/04750/2020). Ana Isabel Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through FCT, under the programme of ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment—Individual Support’ within the contract CEECIND/02386/2018

Evaluation of drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcome in Portugal, 2000-2016

Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), which is usually less successful than that of drug-susceptible TB, represents a challenge for TB control and elimination. We aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and to identify the factors associated with death among patients with MDR and XDR-TB in Portugal. We assessed MDR-TB cases reported for the period 2000-2016, using the national TB Surveillance System. Treatment outcomes were defined according to WHO recommendations. We identified the factors associated with death using logistic regression. We evaluated treatment outcomes of 294 MDR- and 142 XDR-TB patients. The treatment success rate was 73.8% among MDR- and 62.7% among XDR-TB patients (p = 0.023). The case-fatality rate was 18.4% among MDR- and 23.9% among XDR-TB patients. HIV infection (OR 4.55; 95% CI 2.31-8.99; p < 0.001) and resistance to one or more second-line injectable drugs (OR 2.73; 95% CI 1.26-5.92; p = 0.011) were independently associated with death among MDR-TB patients. HIV infection, injectable drug use, past imprisonment, comorbidities, and alcohol abuse are conditions that were associated with death early on and during treatment. Early diagnosis of MDR-TB and further monitoring of these patients are necessary to improve treatment outcome.This work was developed under the scope of the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013 and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023, supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and projects PTDC/SAU-PUB/29521/2017. This work was partially supported by “Contratos-Programa” UIDB/50026/2020 and UIDB/04050/2020 funded by national funds through the FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. OO is supported by the project NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000041, financed by the Operational Program NORTE 2020 and co-financed by the European Social Fund through a doctoral grant (UMINHO/BD/47/2016). This work was also supported by national funds through the FCT, I.P., under the project UIDB / 04750/2020

Economic analysis of Uricase production under uncertainty: Contrast of chromatographic purification and aqueous two-phase extraction (with and without PEG recycle)

Uricase is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of uric acid, the key molecule leading to gout in humans, into allantoin, but it is absent in humans. It has been produced as a PEGylated pharmaceutical where the purification is performed through three sequential chromatographic columns. More recently an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was reported that could recover Uricase with high yield and purity. Although the use of ATPS can decrease cost and time, it also generates a large amount of waste. The ability, therefore, to recycle key components of ATPS is of interest. Economic modelling is a powerful tool that allows the bioprocess engineer to compare possible outcomes and find areas where further research or optimization might be required without recourse to extensive experiments and time. This research provides an economic analysis using the commercial software BioSolve of the strategies for Uricase production: chromatographic and ATPS, and includes a third bioprocess that utilises material recycling. The key parameters that affect the process the most were located via a sensitivity analysis and evaluated with a Monte Carlo analysis. Results show that ATPS is far less expensive than chromatography, but that there is an area where the cost of production of both bioprocesses overlap. Furthermore, recycling doesn't impact the cost of production. This study serves to provide a framework for the economic analysis of Uricase production using alternative techniques. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Phylogeography of 27,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes: Europe as the major source of the COVID-19 pandemic

Supplementary Material available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/11/1678/s1The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged from a zoonotic transmission in China towards the end of 2019, rapidly leading to a global pandemic on a scale not seen for a century. In order to cast fresh light on the spread of the virus and on the effectiveness of the containment measures adopted globally, we used 26,869 SARS-CoV-2 genomes to build a phylogeny with 20,247 mutation events and adopted a phylogeographic approach. We confirmed that the phylogeny pinpoints China as the origin of the pandemic with major founders worldwide, mainly during January 2020. However, a single specific East Asian founder underwent massive radiation in Europe and became the main actor of the subsequent spread worldwide during March 2020. This lineage accounts for the great majority of cases detected globally and even spread back to the source in East Asia. Despite an East Asian source, therefore, the global pandemic was mainly fueled by its expansion across and out of Europe. It seems likely that travel bans established throughout the world in the second half of March helped to decrease the number of intercontinental exchanges, particularly from mainland China, but were less effective between Europe and North America where exchanges in both directions are visible up to April, long after bans were imposed.This work was supported by strategic project ICVS/3B’s (UID/Multi/50025), financed by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) to Teresa Rito. Martin B. Richards and Maria Pala received support from a Leverhulme Doctoral Scholarship program. This work was partially supported by project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER000009) by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by “Contrato-Programa” UIDB/04050/2020 funded by Portuguese national funds through the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia to Pedro A. Soares

Disposition of [U-2H7]glucose into hepatic glycogen in rat and in seabass

The stimulation of hepatic glycogenesis is a ubiquitous response to a glucose challenge and quantifying its contribution to glucose uptake informs its role in restoring euglycemia. Glycogenesis can be quantified with labeled water provided that exchange of glucose-6-phosphate hydrogen 2 (G6P-H2) and body water via glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and exchange of positions 4, 5 and 6 hydrogens (G6P-H456) via transaldolase, are known. These exchanges were quantified in 24-h fasted rats (Rattus norvegicus; n=6) and 21-day fasted seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax; n = 8) by administration of a glucose load (2000 mg·kg−1) enriched with [U-2H7]glucose and by quantifying hepatic glycogen 2H-enrichments after 2 h (rats) and 48 h (seabass). Direct pathway contributions of the glucose load to glycogenesis were also estimated. G6P-H2 and body water exchange was 61 ± 1% for rat and 47 ± 3% for seabass. Transaldolase-mediated exchange of G6P-H456 was 5 ± 1% for rat and 10 ± 1% for seabass. Conversion of the glucose load to hepatic glycogen was significant in seabass (249 ± 54 mg·kg−1) but negligible in rats (12 ± 1 mg·kg−1). Preload plasma glucose levels were similar for seabass and rats (3.3 ± 0.7 and 4.4 ± 0.1 mmol·L−1, respectively) but post-load plasma glucose was significantly higher in seabass compared to rats (14.6 ± 1.8 versus 5.8 ± 0.3 mmol·L−1, p b 0.01). In conclusion, G6P-H2 and body water exchange is incomplete for both species and has to be accounted for in estimating hepatic glycogen synthesis and direct pathway activities with labeled water tracers. Transaldolase-mediated exchange is insignificant. Hepatic direct pathway glycogenesis plays a prominent role in seabass glucose load disposal, but a negligible role in the rat.The authors acknowledge the financial support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) in the form of a Ph.D. Fellowship to F.O.M.: SFRH/ BD/51194/2010, and Research Grants to J.G.J.: PTDC/EBB-BIO/ 098111/2008 & PTDC/SAU-MET/111398/2009. The NMR spectrometer is part of the National NMR Network and was purchased in the framework of the National Programme for Scientific re-equipment, contract REDE/1517/RMN/2005, with funds from POCI 2010 (FEDER) and FCT

Recurrent hypercortisolism after removal of an ACTH secretor pituitary adenoma associated with an adrenal macronodule

A 29 years old patient was sent to our Outpatient Clinic of Endocrinology presenting clinic of hypercortisolism. Laboratorial study: High urinary free cortisol (UFC); serum cortisol - 25 microg/dl (8 am) (5-25) and 20 microg/dL (11pm); ACTH - 20 pg/mL (9-52) (8 am) and 14 pg/mL (11 pm); serum cortisol after dexamethasone suppression test: 14,9 mg/dL; CRH test: elevation of ACTH; Pituitary MRI: microadenoma; abdominal CT: nodule on the left adrenal. During inferior petrosal sinus sampling with CRH stimulation, ACTH reached 368 pg/mL on the right and 136 pg/mL on the left side. The patient was submitted to transsphenoidal surgery. After surgery, hypertension and physical stigmata improved. In 2006, a relapse of Cushing syndrome was suspected due to worsening of hypertension and increase of weight. A slight increase of UFC, undetectable ACTH and serum cortisol after dexamethasone suppression test equal to 16 microg/dL were found. On abdominal CT, the adrenal nodule kept the same characteristics. In December 2006, the patient was submitted to left adrenalectomy. After surgery, blood pressure normalized, UFC and serum cortisol were reduced, needing substitutive therapy. Progressive tapering of hydrocortisone doses lead to discontinuation in March 2007. He is clinically well, without any treatment. This is an unusual case, in which after surgical cure of Cushing disease, secretory autonomy of a coexisting adrenal nodule occurred. This clinical case is relevant, pointing out the complexity of hypercortisolism cases and the need of long follow-up