Trois remarques sur l épisode du Crémére

Sin resume

Origine, âge et taux d’accrétion verticale de la tourbière à palses de Blanc-Sablon, basse Côte-Nord, Golfe du Saint-Laurent, Québec

La tourbière à palses de Blanc-Sablon s’est formée dans une cuvette lacustre isolée par un cordon morainique lors de l’émersion des terres au niveau de 60-70 m. D’une dizaine de mètres de profondeur au début, le lac s’est vite transformé en une lagune lorsqu’il s’est vidangé il y a 10 200 ans environ (vers 9 ka 14C BP) suite à l’incision du cordon morainique par recul de tête de la rivière Blanc-Sablon ou par son ancêtre. Il a d’abord été colonisé par une végétation aquatique. La tourbe a commencé à se former en milieu minérotrophe vers 9400 ans BP (8,4 ka 14C BP) pour atteindre finalement une épaisseur totale d’environ 3 m. La tourbière est composée de deux unités principales de tourbe de sphaignes de milieu ombrotrophe séparées par une couche de tourbe de couleur foncée et bien décomposée de milieu minérotrophe. D’après la coupe étudiée, l’accrétion verticale du tapis tourbeux a pu atteindre jusqu’à 2-3 mm par année, s’établissant à 0,53 mm/an en moyenne entre 9400 et 4400 ans avant l’actuel (8,4 et 4 ka 14C BP), date d’un feu. La partie supérieure de la couche de sphaignes au-dessus de l’horizon de feu a été datée à environ 500 ans BP, alors que la couche de lichens à la surface a donné un âge au 14C de 40 ± 60 BP seulement. Cependant, dans deux autres coupes situées vers le centre de la tourbière, l’âge de la partie superficielle du tapis tourbeux sur une épaisseur de 50 à 60 cm va de moderne à 2330 ans cal. BP (2280 ± 60 14C BP). L’accrétion réduite pourrait résulter de l’instauration de la palse, asséchant localement le milieu. Le taux moyen d’accrétion verticale pour l’ensemble du tapis tourbeux au droit de la coupe a été d’environ 0,32 mm/an. Le pergélisol s’est vraisemblablement installé dans la tourbière durant la période du Petit Âge glaciaire.The palsa peat bog in the Blanc-Sablon area was formed in a lacustrine basin isolated by a moraine ridge at the head of the Blanc-Sablon River valley when the isostatic land recovery reached the 60-70 m level. At the beginning, the depth of the lake was about 10 m ; however, the lake was soon drained almost entirely about 10 200 years ago (around 9 ka 14C BP) when the Blanc-Sablon River cut back the moraine ridge. The floor of the resulting shallow lagoon was then progressively covered by an aquatic plant species carpet. Peat began to grow and accumulate about 9400 yr BP (8,4 ka 14C BP), and finally the peat reached about 3 m in thickness. At the section studied, the peat carpet is made of two main layers of sphagnum separated by a layer of fen peat. At this site, the vertical accretion of the peat could have reached 2-3 mm per year, the average being 0.53 mm/yr between 9400 and 4400 yr BP (8,4 to 4 ka 14C BP), until a fire occurred. Radiocarbon age at the surface of the thick sphagnum layer overlying the fire event is about 500 years BP whereas the thin and dry lichen layer at the surface date back only 40 ± 60 14C yr BP. However, in two sites located in the peat bog center, the peat layers under the lichens have been dated from modern to 2330 cal yr BP (2280 ± 60 14C yr BP). Consequently the apparent slow down in peat accumulation after the fire shown at the studied section is likely due to the local build-up of the palsa. The mean vertical accretion rate for the 3 m thick peat carpet is about 0.32 mm/yr. Permafrost probably occurred into the peat bog about 500 years ago, during the Little Ice Age

Evaluation of a TiO2 photocatalysis treatment on nitrophenols and nitramines contaminated plant wastewaters by solid-phase extraction coupled with ESI HPLC–MS

Nitration reactions of aromatic compounds are commonly involved in different industrial processes for pharmaceutical, pesticide or military uses. For many years, most of the manufacturing sites used lagooning systems to treat their process effluents. In view of a photocatalytic degradation assay, the wastewater of a lagoon was investigated by using HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry. The wastewater was highly concentrated in RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), HMX (octahydro- 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) and two herbicides Dinoterb (2-tert-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) and Dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol). First of all, an analytical method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with HPLC ESI MS/MS was put in work for identification and titration of RDX, HMX and the two dinitrophenols in a complex natural matrix. Then, the UV/TiO2 treatment was investigated for pollutants removal. Dinitrophenolic compoundswere significantly degraded after a 8-h-exposition of the wastewater/TiO2 suspension, whereas RDX and HMX were poorly affected

Photochemical UV/TiO2 treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW)

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) was treated by photocatalysis using TiO2 under UV irradiation on the laboratory scale. The chemical oxygen demand, the coloration at 330 nm, and the level of phenols all showed decreases which, after a 24-h treatment, reached 22%, 57% and 94%, respectively. The differences between these three values indicate the persistence of colourless, non-phenolic compounds. Application of the novel Fictitious Atomic-Group Separation method showed an increase in carbon oxidation state and confirmed that the attack primarily concerns, aromatic moieties. A fine spectroscopic study revealed the occurrence of three successive phases during the degradation process, thought to correspond to three different categories of molecules in the OMW and the presence of pectin compounds

Alexandre Grandazzi, Alba Longa. Histoire d’une légende

Cette thèse est le couronnement d’une série d’études dont la première, publiée en 1986, ouvrait la voie que l’auteur a depuis systématiquement défrichée, puis élargie. Dès cette date, il avançait de sérieuses raisons de douter qu’Albe ait jamais été une « ville ». Si les témoignages anciens affirment le contraire, c’est que la pseudo-histoire des primordia avait été conditionnée en ce sens par la célébration des Féries Latines qui avait lieu chaque année sur le mons Albanus. Pour ses représen..

Perlite for permanent confinement of cesium

We present the potential use of expanded perlite, a metastable amorphous hydrated aluminium silicate, as a permanent medium for the long-term confinement of cesium. The method requires simply a loading by mixing an aqueous cesium nitrate solution and expanded perlite at 300 K followed by densification by sintering. The formation of pollucite, CsAlSi2O6, a naturally occurring mineral phase, upon careful heat treatment is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. Leaching tests on the resulting glass-ceramics reveal a very low Cs departure of 0.5 mg m−2 d−1

The M-type stars

The papers in this volume cover the following topics: (1) basic properties and photometric variability of M and related stars; (2) spectroscopy and nonthermal processes; (3) circumstellar radio molecular lines; (4) circumstellar shells, the formation of grains, and radiation transfer; (5) mass loss; (6) circumstellar chemistry; (7) thermal atmospheric models; (8) quasi-thermal models; (9) observations on the atmospheres of M dwarfs; and (1) theoretical work on M dwarfs

Do Female Northern Pintails, Anas acuta, Initiate Rapid Follicular Growth During Spring Migration?

We describe the reproductive status of female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) staging on a flooded plain along the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada) during the spring of 1997. Nine of the 27 female pintails we collected had ovarian follicles showing Rapid Follicular Growth (RFG). In RFG females, total blood calcium and ash mass increased with follicular development. They had greater muscle and bone mass, and higher blood calcium levels, compared to pre-RFG birds. However, carcass fat mass and sex hormone levels (estradiol and progesterone) did not differ between the two groups. Our results indicate that at least some Northern Pintails initiate egg formation processes prior to arrival at nesting areas, which is consistent with early nesting. The nutrients and energy required for this early egg formation must come from reserves stored during winter, foods consumed in staging areas, or both