A Tempestuous Voyage at Sea and a Fatiguing One by Land : Ulsterwomen in Philadelphia, 1783-1812

This thesis examines the lives of women who came from the north of Ireland, the area traditionally known as Ulster, and settled in the city of Philadelphia between the end of the American Revolution and the beginning of the War of 1812, when economic strife and political rebellion within Ireland impelled many to emigrate. In so doing, this work aims to augment the historical record on a group of people and a period of time that have received relatively little attention, as most scholars have heretofore focused on the experiences of male Irish immigrants during either the period of North American colonization or Ireland’s Great Famine of the 1840s and 1850s. The research methods utilized include quantitative analysis of data from late-1700s and early-1800s transatlantic passenger lists, newspapers and the intake records of various benevolent societies in Philadelphia. In addition, several case studies based on readings of primary sources, such as letters and journals from the period, are incorporated throughout. The findings of this research undermine the historical notion that the United States was a land of prosperity; many of the women studied put their financial security and even their lives at risk, leaving familiar people and places to engage in a dangerous transatlantic passage and arrive in a city lacking opportunities for women. Thus, the chances they took in leaving Ulster were not often rewarded with comfort, stability, or even subsistence, in Philadelphia

GENETIC CONTROL OF RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN MICE : I. Evidence for a Single Gene that Influences Mitogenic and Immunogenic Respones to Lipopolysaccharides

In vivo immune responses and in vitro mitogenic responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been compared in strains of C3H mice. C3H/HeJ spleen cultures did not support mitogenic responses to LPS and in vivo these mice produce low IgM responses to LPS. On the basis of these two responses, C3H/HeJ mice have been termed low LPS responders. All other strains of C3H mice tested (C3HeB/FeJ, C3H/DiSn, C3H/Str, CWB, CSW, and C3H/Sf and its H-2 congenics) are high LPS responders supporting large in vitro mitogenic and in vivo immune responses to LPS. The immune response difference between low and high LPS responders is a quantitative one. IgM responses are observed in C3H/HeJ mice in the range of 1.0–10 µg LPS. At lower and higher LPS concentrations, immune responses are not observed. In contrast, high LPS responders elicit LPS immune responses over a much wider dose range (0.1–200 µg). The ability to respond well to LPS is dominant as shown by the response of F1 hybrid mice of low responder and high responder strains. The linkage relationships of mitogenic and immune responsiveness to LPS have been investigated in backcross (C3H/HeJ x CWB)F1 x CWB mice. All mice that gave in vivo immune responses to LPS also supported mitogenic responses to LPS. The defect in C3H/HeJ mice that limits mitogenic and immune responsiveness to be due to a single autosomal gene which is not linked to the H-2 histocompatibility or heavy-chain allotype loci

Évaluation de l’exposition au plomb par l’eau potable par la mise en œuvre de robinets proportionnels

RÉSUMÉ: Le plomb est un neurotoxique en particulier pour les jeunes enfants, les femmes enceintes et leur fœtus. En effet, une concentration de plomb dans le sang (plombémie) faible (<5 µg/dL) peut engendrer une baisse de QI et des retards de développement de certaines fonctions neuro-motrices et neurologiques. Le contrôle, voire, l’interdiction du plomb dans une grande majorité de produits (e.g. essence, peinture, boîtes de conserve) a permis de réduire considérablement les niveaux de plombémie. Cependant, tel que démontré par les événements à Washington (DC) en 2001 ou Flint (MI) récemment, l’eau potable demeure une source d’exposition persistante considérant l’héritage d’entrées de service et de soudures en plomb encore présent dans la tuyauterie et la robinetterie alimentant les bâtiments construits avant l’interdiction du plomb. La contribution de l’eau à l’exposition est cependant mal caractérisée. ----------ABSTRACT: Lead is a neurotoxic especially for young children, pregnant women and their fetus. Low blood lead levels (<5 µg/dL) were related to a drop in IQ, and delayed development of the neuromotor and neurological functions. Controlling, or even, banning lead in several products (gasoline, paint,food cans, etc.) has resulted in blood lead levels reduction in the population. However, as shown by the events in Washington (DC) in 2001 and in Flint (MI) more recently, drinking water remain a source of exposure considering the legacy of lead service lines and lead solders in old distribution systems. The contribution of lead in drinking water to lead exposure is however still quite poorly characterized. It is indeed a challenge to estimate accurately consumers’ exposure considering that,for a specific water quality, water lead levels will vary with the temperature, the stagnation time,the location of the lead source(s) in the piping with respect to the tap sampled, flow rate, pipe diameter or even the pipe scale’s composition

Does experience in creative art influence the written self-expression of the deaf child?

This paper discusses whether participation in creative art affects the hearing impaired child\u27s self expression in written language

ACTIVE SUPPRESSION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPE SYNTHESIS : II. TRANSFER OF SUPPRESSING FACTOR WITH SPLEEN CELLS

The mechanism of chronic allotype suppression in (SJL x BALB/c)F1 mice has been investigated by means of cell transfer studies. These mice are phenotypically negative for serum Ig-1b, the paternal allotype determinant on γG2a immunoglubulin, as a result of perinatal exposure to maternal anti-Ig-1b. When spleen or bone marrow (B) cells from suppressed mice were injected into irradiated BALB/c "indicator" hosts, detectable levels of Ig-1b were demonstrated in the sera of a majority of the recipients early after transfer. These results indicate that Ig-1b-producing cells or their precursors are present in the lymphoid tissues of suppressed mice, even though they are not expressed. Within 5–7 wk, it was no longer possible to detect Ig-1b in the sera of these hosts, although cells producing another paternal allotype (Ig-4b) were shown to persist. Control BALB/c mice, injected with spleen and B cells from normal mice, continued to produce high levels of immunoglobulin carrying this allotype. The disappearance of serum, Ig-1b occurred most frequently in the recipients of suppressed spleen cells. Similar results were obtained using a mixture of spleen cells from normal and suppressed mice. Ig-1b production in the recipient mice ceased within a few weeks, even though the majority of cells in the mixture were obtained from normal (nonsuppressed) donors. The data are interpreted as evidence that chronic allotype suppression in mice is actively maintained by cells which are resident in the lymphoid tissues, splenic cells being the most effective. These cells are capable of proliferating in a new host and exerting their suppressive influence on Ig-1b-producing cells and/or their precursors

Bis(pentane-2,4-dionato-κ2 O,O′)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)cobalt(II)

In the title compound, [Co(C5H7O2)2(C12H8N2)], the CoII cation lies on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by four O atoms from two acetyl­acetonate (acac) ligands and two N atoms from a 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand in a slightly distorted octa­hedral environment, with Co—O bond lengths of 2.0565 (11) and 2.0641 (11) Å and Co—N bond lengths of 2.1630 (12) Å. In the crystal, there are no significant hydrogen-bonding or π–π inter­actions

Bathymetric Artifacts in Sea Beam Data: How to Recognize Them and What Causes Them

Sea Beam multibeam bathymetric data have greatly advanced understanding of the deep seafloor. However, several types of bathymetric artifacts have been identified in Sea Beam\u27s contoured output. Surveys with many overlapping swaths and digital recording on magnetic tape of Sea Beam\u27s 16 acoustic returns made it possible to evaluate actual system performance. The artifacts are not due to the contouring algorithm used. Rather, they result from errors in echo detection and processing. These errors are due to internal factors such as side lobe interference, bottom-tracking gate malfunctions, or external interference from other sound sources (e.g., 3.5 kHz echo sounders or seismic sound sources). Although many artifacts are obviously spurious and would be disregarded, some (particularly the omega effects described in this paper) are more subtle and could mislead the unwary observer. Artifacts observed could be mistaken for volcanic constructs, abyssal hill trends, hydrothermal mounds, slump blocks, or channels and could seriously affect volcanic, tectonic, or sedimentological interpretations. Misinterpretation of these artifacts may result in positioning errors when seafloor bathymetry is used to navigate the ship. Considering these possible geological misinterpretations, a clear understanding of the Sea Beam system\u27s capabilities and limitations is deemed essential