Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Effects of pasture system management on physical properties </br> Efeitos de sistemas de manejo de pastagens nas propriedades físicas do solo

The soil physical quality is associated with infiltration, retention and availability of water for plants respond to the management and resists degradation, allows the exchange of heat and gases with the atmosphere and allows plant roots and root growth. The objective of this review is to gather information on soil quality and the effects of anthropogenic systems of pasture management on physical properties. Between physical properties proposed for study of soil quality in pastures, to include vegetation, water erosion, organic matter, aggregate stability, soil macrofauna, density, porosity and water retention in soil because they distinguish the effects caused by soil management systems and contribute to the monitoring of pasture management.<p><p>A qualidade física do solo está associada à infiltração, retenção e disponibilização de água às plantas; responde ao manejo e resiste à degradação; permite as trocas de calor e de gases com a atmosfera e raízes de plantas e permite o crescimento das raízes. Objetivou-se nesta revisão reunir informações sobre a qualidade do solo e os efeitos das ações antrópicas dos sistemas de manejo de pastagens nas propriedades físicas. Dentre os parâmetros propostos para estudo da qualidade do solo com pastagens, incluem-se a cobertura vegetal, a erosão hídrica, a matéria orgânica, a estabilidade de agregados, a macrofauna do solo, a densidade, a porosidade e a retenção de água no solo, pois os mesmos permitem distinguir os efeitos proporcionados pelos sistemas de manejo nos solos e contribuem para o monitoramento do manejo das pastagens

Physical soil stability under different management of extensive pasture in haplumbrept soils /<BR>Estabilidade física de solo sob diferentes manejos de pastagem extensiva em cambissolo

In the dairy cattle production of the small region of São João Del Rei (MG - Brazil) it is common to manage extensive native pastures with annual fires on low natural fertility Haplumbrept soils. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical stability by measuring the degree of clay flocculation of a Haplumbrept soil under different management systems of extensive pastures. The evaluations were done using three types of managements: native pasture without fire; native pasture with fire, and recovered pasture. For each treatment it was selected one “sub area” of 1 hectare, located at the middle hillside with declivity between 10 and 12%, where, in the month of June 2007, 50 randomized deformed soil samples were collected/studied, in the layer of 0-10 cm to evaluate the degree of clay flocculation, pH, DpHH2O, pHKCl (1N), zero point charge (PCZ). The systems of soil management did influence the degree of clay flocculation, with the lowest values found in pasture with annual burning and recovered pasture. The recovery of pasture in this fragile soil requires care with physical and chemical soil management.<p><p>Na pecuária leiteira da Microrregião de São João Del Rei (MG) é comum o manejo de pastagem nativa extensiva com utilização de queimadas anuais em Cambissolo, considerados de baixa fertilidade natural. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade física a partir da determinação do grau de floculação da argila de Cambissolo sob diferentes manejos de pastagem extensiva. As avaliações foram realizadas em três tipos de manejos: pastagem nativa manejada sem queimada; passagem nativa manejada com queimada e pastagem recuperada. Em cada manejo selecionou-se uma “sub área” de 1 hectare, situada em meia encosta com declive entre 10 – 12%. Em junho / 2007, foram coletadas 50 amostras deformadas de solo de forma inteiramente casualizada, na camada de 0-10 cm, para determinação do grau de floculação da argila, pHH2O, pHKCl(1N), ponto de carga zero (PCZ), além da estimativa do DpH. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o manejo de solo utilizado influenciou no grau de floculação da argila sendo os menores valores encontrados para os manejos pastagem com queima anual e pastagem recuperada. A recuperação de pastagens nesses solos requer cuidados com o manejo físico e químico

Simulación hidrológica e hidráulica para el diseño de macrodrenaje para la gestión y recuperación de cárcavas

Runoff on susceptible terrains that is not associated with adequate drainage causes soil erosion, as gullies. Gullies and drainage continue to be major issues in reclamation projects since soil erosion can be reactivated after the application of recovery measures. This paper describes a low-cost project framework for macrodrainage for a gully in Nazareno (MG, Brazil) to provide support to gully management and recovery. We used a simple methodology with the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and concentrated hydrologic and hydraulic models (freely available softwares). The basin has steep slopes (8 to 20%) and the water flows mainly to the northwest, which contribute to exacerbate erosion problems. We studied the effect of environmental conditions on different simulations to elaborate a drainage system project using the free software tools. Therefore, the findings of this paper can aid gully management and recovery for this and other areas with similar issues.Escurrimiento superficial en terrenos susceptibles sin asociación con el drenaje adecuado causa erosión del suelo. Las cárcavas y el drenaje son importantes para proyectos de recuperación, ya que la erosión puede ser reactivada después de la aplicación de técnicas de recuperación. Describimos un proyecto de bajo costo para macrodrenaje en Nazareno (MG, Brasil), proporcionando suporte a la gestión y recuperación de cárcavas. Utilizamos una metodología con la aplicación de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y modelos hidrológicos y hidráulicos concentrados (softwares libres). La cuenca ha presentado pendientes elevadas (8 a 20%); el flujo de agua es direccionado preferentemente al noroeste, contribuyendo al agravamiento de la erosión. Estudiamos el efecto de condiciones medioambientales en diferentes simulaciones para un proyecto de sistema de drenaje usando las herramientas de softwares. Así pues, los resultados de este artículo pueden auxiliar la gestión y recuperación de cárcavas para esta y otras áreas con problemas similares

Hydrologic and hydraulic simulations for use in macrodrainage designs for gully management and recovery

Runoff on susceptible terrains that is not associated with adequate drainage causes soil erosion, as gullies. Gullies and drainage continue to be major issues in reclamation projects since soil erosion can be reactivated after the application of recovery measures. This paper describes a low-cost project framework for macrodrainage for a gully in Nazareno (MG, Brazil) to provide support to gully management and recovery. We used a simple methodology with the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and concentrated hydrologic and hydraulic models (freely available softwares). The basin has steep slopes (8 to 20%) and the water flows mainly to the northwest, which contribute to exacerbate erosion problems. We studied the effect of environmental conditions on different simulations to elaborate a drainage system project using the free software tools. Therefore, the findings of this paper can aid gully management and recovery for this and other areas with similar issues