Catalytic fast pyrolysis of olive stone for bio-oil deoxygenation.

In this work, conventional, fast and catalytic fast pyrolysis of olive stone residues were studied with a commercial catalyst with mild acidity, γ-Al2O3, an activated carbon from olive stones (AC) prepared by chemical activation with phosphoric acid and the same activated carbon loaded with Zr as active phase (ACZr). The results showed that fast pyrolysis has a higher content of liquid fraction (64 %wt) than that obtained in conventional pyrolysis (52 %wt), due to cracking reactions occur at a lesser extent. In the catalytic fast pyrolysis, the acid character of the catalysts favors the cracking and deoxygenation reactions that reduce the production of the liquid fraction, mainly producing an increase in the phenols species and a decrease in the acid species. On the other hand,a clear increment in the content of CO can be observed (conventional and catalytic fast pyrolysis, respectively), due to decarbonylation reactions, which are favored in the presence of catalysts.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Carbon-based biomass-derived catalysts for deoxygenation of fast pyrolysis bio-oil

Producing energy and chemicals from biomass is an interesting alternative for replacing conventional fossil sources with a renewable feedstock while enabling zero net greenhouse gases emissions. Particularly, fast pyrolysis of biomass waste enables the production of bio-oil, which can be upgraded to biofuels or value-added chemicals. The sustainability of this process can be enhanced by preparing carbon-based catalysts from the same biomass waste used as raw material for the biooil production, decreasing the inputs of the process and allowing recovery and recycle of the active phase by combustion of the carbon substrate. In this work, catalytic fast pyrolysis of olive stone residues was studied using mesoporous carbon-based acid catalysts prepared by activation with H3PO4 of olive stones.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Caracterización de la fracción sólida de la pirólisis de residuos lignocelulósicos

Los carbonizados obtenidos a partir de pirólisis de residuos de origen lignocelulósico despiertan un creciente interés por sus aplicaciones potenciales como fuente de energía, adsorbentes de bajo coste y enmiendas de suelo. En este trabajo se han preparado carbonizados a partir de la pirólisis convencional de diferentes residuos biomásicos: cáscara de almendra, tallo de cáñamo, hueso de aceituna y lignina Kraft, a temperaturas de entre 400 y 800 °C, y velocidades de calentamiento entre 10 y 20 °C/min. Se ha analizado influencia de la composición en los diferentes biopolímeros sobre las propiedades físico químicas de los carbonizados. Los carbonizados presentan una microporosidad estrecha, mostrando áreas superficiales entre 240 y 500 m2/g y volumen de microporos estrechos de hasta 0.20 cm3/g, caso del carbonizado obtenido de hueso de aceituna a 800 °C, haciendo posible su uso como tamices moleculares o material de partida para preparación de carbones activos. En cuanto a su análisis inmediato y elemental, presentan contenidos de cenizas de entre 2 e 7%. Además, se han calculado los poderes caloríficos con valores superiores a 25 MJ/kg, y por tanto pueden ser empleados como combustibles sólidos.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Assessment of Agricultural Residue to Produce Activated Carbon-Supported Nickel Catalysts and Hydrogen Rich Gas.

The aim of this study was to synthesize chemically activated carbons from different agricultural residues, i.e., pistachio shell (PS), bitter orange peel (OP), and saffron petal (SP), and subsequently to use them as supports for loading a Ni catalyst. Supercritical water gasification of bio-oil was applied to investigate the catalytic performance of the resulting catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the activated carbon (ACs) and the catalysts (Ni/ACs) were characterized with BET, XRD, XPS, TEM, and TPD. The adsorption results showed that the ACs developed considerable pore structures, containing both micro- and mesopores, which was validated by the well-distributed active phases on the supports in the TEM images. Furthermore, it was found that the BET of AC(PS) was 1410 m2/g, which was higher than that of AC(OP) (1085 m2/g) and AC(SP) (900 m2/g). The results obtained from XRD mainly indicated the presence of the nickel phosphides phases, which was confirmed with the XPS and TPD analyses. The catalytic tests showed that by raising the process temperature, the total amount of gas and hydrogen increased. Furthermore, Ni/AC(PS) showed a superior catalytic activity. The highest total gas amount (i.e., 7.87 mmol/g bio-oil), together with 37.2 vol.% H2, was achieved using Ni/AC(PS) with a 1:10:100 catalyst:bio-oil weight ratio and a mass ratio of 1:10 (bio-oil/water) at T = 550 °C.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Rehabilitación protésica mediante implantes endoóseos en un paciente con fisura labio palatina bilateral

Introducción: La rehabilitación convencional mediante implantes del maxilar parcialmente edéntulo. Caso clínico:Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente con labio leporino y fisura palatina bilateral, edéntula parcial superior, que acude al Hospital Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla para valorar las alternativas de tratamiento rehabilitador. El tratamiento más adecuado, debido a las circunstancias generales, es rehabilitar el maxilar superior con una prótesis removible mediante cuatro implantes y una sobredentadura, ocluyendo el defecto, mejorando la retención de la prótesis y slendo fácil la necesidad de higiene que se precisa en este tipo de pacientes con fisura palatina bilateral. Discusión y conclusiones: Los pacientes con labio leporino y fisura palatina son pacientes cornplejos que deben ser evaluados de forma pormenorizada antes de su lnclusión en un protocolo de tratamientos de implantes. No obstante, una vez realizado este punto, son pacientes que pueden beneficiarse de los últimos avances en este campo revolucionario de la Implantología

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Estudio de la pirólisis rápida de hueso de aceituna catalizada por carbones ácidos.

Participación en el congreso XVI Reunión del Grupo Español del Carbón con una contribución en formato oral titulada "Estudio de la pirólisis rápida de hueso de aceituna catalizada por carbones ácidos".Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Estudios de caso del proyecto de investigación: nuevas políticas educativas y su impacto en la equidad: gestión de las escuelas y desarrollo profesional docente (NUPE).

ESTUDIOS DE CASO SOBRE LA EQUIDAD EN EL SISTEMA EDUCATIVO ESPAÑOL VOLUMEN IPara dar respuesta a este objetivo se han realizado 12 estudios de caso en las cinco Comunidades, los cuales se han analizado y puesto en común en un informe multi-caso. Como principal conclusión la aplicación de las políticas educativas tiene una clara tendencia a la competitividad, a la segregación escolar y a la falta de inclusión, que, sin duda, perjudica la equidad. Esto se reduce en medidas que desprestigian y reducen los recursos de la escuela pública, que atiende al alumnado con más dificultades, frente a la escuela concertada. Esto, además de generar segregación y guetos, condiciona la labor docente, que cada vez está más burocratizada, fiscalizada y es menos autónoma e innovadora; ya que el profesorado debe organizar su labor en función de la evaluación. Esta tendencia se complementa con una reducción de la participación y, en consecuencia, de la democracia de los centros, motivada principalmente por el hecho de que el Consejo Escolar deja de ser órgano de gobierno y sea la dirección la que tenga la potestad de tomar las decisiones. En los estudios de casos de experiencias innovadoras que potencian la equidad, Educació 360 e Instituto Escuela, se pone de relieve que la organización del centro educativo, junto con una debida formación del profesorado, son herramientas fundamentales para lucha contra la segregación escolar, puesto que la continuidad de etapas (primaria-secundaria) se revela como un argumento fundamental para evitar el abandono escolar prematuro, gracias al acompañamiento y el trabajo con la comunidad.PROYECTOS DE I+D DE GENERACIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO» DEL PROGRAMA ESTATAL DE GENERACIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO Y FORTALECIMIENTO CIENTÍFICO Y TECNOLÓGICO DEL SISTEMA DE I+D+i. REFERENCIA PGC2018-095238-B-I00. MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓ