Determining the Directional Flows of Foreign Direct Investments in the ASEAN Region: Key Macroeconomic and “Doing Business” Indicators Affecting the Direction of ASEAN FDI Inflows and its Impact on Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade

Job creation, increasing household income, and the improvement of living standards do not only depend on the provision of adequate social services and government infrastructure support, but more so, on the growth and expansion of private sector investments. The creation of new jobs and the expansion of manufacturing productive capacity are roles better performed by the private sector rather than by governments constrained by the amount of resources that they can mobilize through taxation

Industry Career Guide: Mining

The mining industry in the Philippines plays a very significant role in the pursuit of industrial development because of the sector’s ability to provide mineral resources that serve as raw materials for manufacturing, construction, the utilities as well as the transportation and communications sector. It is also a major contributor of foreign currency through the exports of mineral ore and other processed mineral products and provides employment to communities in far flung areas where the only source of economic activity is mining operations. The extraction of copper, gold, silver, nickel, coal, gas, oil, stone and gravel as well as finding other new mineral deposits is the primary function of the mining industry

Did population well-being improve during Porfirian Mexico? An approximation using a Quasi-Index of human development

It is argued that economic growth during the Porfiriato did not improve the well-being of Mexican population. One explanation for such result is that economic growth pattern was skewed and benefited more the northern states and less the southern ones. Following the estimation method of the Human Development Index (HDI), we calculate a Human Development Quasi-Index for the Mexican states during the period 1895-1910. Results show that starting the period (1895) the northern states were already the most developed. During the next 15 year this pattern was maintained and the dispersion in human development increased marginally. Finally, it is shown that the true losers of Porfiriato were the states surrounding Mexico City and not the southern ones.human development, well-being, Mexico, Porfiriato

Industry Career Guide: Banking and Finance

The banking and finance sector performs a critical function in the Philippine economy as it is primarily responsible for the mobilization of domestic savings and the conversion of these funds into directly productive investments. Financing the needs of firms which desire to raise productive capacity by purchasing additional capital equipment, acquiring or leasing idle property, building and expanding factories, and increasing inventory are responsible for sustaining economic growth in the long term, alongside the creation of new jobs. It is very important for the banking and finance sector to continue finding ways to encourage households to save their unspent income in various financial assets so that these resources could be used and transformed into loans that will finance the expansion of directly productive business ventures

BIOÉTICA EM PESQUISAS EM CRIANÇAS: PROTEÇÃO OU PRECAUÇÃO?

A realização de pesquisas científicas em crianças é uma questão bastante controversa. Durante muitos anos o desenvolvimento de pesquisas científicas em crianças foi fortemente desaconselhado e até mesmo proibido, provavelmente em função de alguns estudos eticamente inadequados realizados com esse grupo específico. A maioria das diretrizes internacionais sobre pesquisa em seres humanos desaconselha a inclusão de crianças em estudos que possam ser realizados em adultos. A dúvida quanto a realizar ou não pesquisas em crianças pode ser melhor esclarecida através da análise do complexo cenário que abrange fatos, circunstâncias, princípios éticos, casos antecedentes, alternativas e conseqüências, permitindo o emprego do modelo bioético baseado na complexidade para a análise dessas situações. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os diferentes aspectos envolvidos na realização ou não de pesquisas em crianças e adolescentes. A exclusão das crianças como participantes de projetos de pesquisa poderia ser entendida como uma ação protetora, porém pode ampliar os riscos na assistência pediátrica. O importante é tratar as crianças e adolescentes como pessoas que merecem a consideração plena de seus direitos.Unitermos: Pesquisa; crianças; pediatria; étic

Bioethics in children research : protection or precaution?

A realização de pesquisas científicas em crianças é uma questão bastante controversa. Durante muitos anos o desenvolvimento de pesquisas científicas em crianças foi fortemente desaconselhado e até mesmo proibido, provavelmente em função de alguns estudos eticamente inadequados realizados com esse grupo específico. A maioria das diretrizes internacionais sobre pesquisa em seres humanos desaconselha a inclusão de crianças em estudos que possam ser realizados em adultos. A dúvida quanto a realizar ou não pesquisas em crianças pode ser melhor esclarecida através da análise do complexo cenário que abrange fatos, circunstâncias, princípios éticos, casos antecedentes, alternativas e conseqüências, permitindo o emprego do modelo bioético baseado na complexidade para a análise dessas situações. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os diferentes aspectos envolvidos na realização ou não de pesquisas em crianças e adolescentes. A exclusão das crianças como participantes de projetos de pesquisa poderia ser entendida como uma ação protetora, porém pode ampliar os riscos na assistência pediátrica. O importante é tratar as crianças e adolescentes como pessoas que merecem a consideração plena de seus direitos.The inclusion of children in scientific research projects is extremely controversial. During several years, the development of scientific studies involving children was strongly discouraged and even forbidden, probably due to some ethically inadequate studies carried out with this specific group of subjects. Most international guidelines on the performance of research involving human beings discourage the participation of children in studies that may be carried out with adults. The uncertainty related to the inclusion of children in scientific studies may be better comprehended through the analysis of the complex scenario involved in such decision – facts, circumstances, ethical principles, history of previous cases, alternatives, and consequences. This range of elements suggests the use of the bioethical model, which analyzes situations based on their complexity. The aim of this study was to discuss the different aspects involved in the decision whether or not to perform scientific studies with children and adolescents. The exclusion of children as participants in research projects could be understood as a protective measure; however, this action would increase the risks that are present in pediatric care. Therefore, we conclude that the most important aspect in regard to the inclusion or not of children and adolescents in research projects is to treat them as human beings, with proper respect for their rights

Pesquisa em modelos animais: proposta de diretrizes

Since ancient times, animals have been used in scientific experiments and continue being used in numerous medical investigations. Research with animal models hasbeen fundamental for findings in the biomedical area, such as blood pressure regulation, for example. Contrarily to many countries that have laws regulating research with animal models, there is no such legislation in Brazil. Animals used in research models shouldbe treated appropriately and researchers must avoid unnecessary pain and suffering.Animais são utilizados em experimentos científicos desde a antigüidade. Inúmeras investigações utilizando animais foram e continuam sendo realizadas até os dias atuais. Muitas descobertas na área biomédica, como a pressão sangüínea, por exemplo, resultaram de experimentações em animais. Não existe no Brasil nenhuma legislação específica que regulamente o uso de animais para fins experimentais, ao contrário deoutros países. Do ponto de vista ético, os animais utilizados em pesquisas científicas devem ser tratados de forma adequada, sendo que os pesquisadores têm o dever de evitar a dor e o sofrimento desnecessários

Female Labour Supply and intergenerational preference formation: Evidence for Mexico

Using a national representative sample for Mexico, we analyse the effect of a husband having a working mother on the probability that he has a working wife. Our results show that labour force participation by a husband’s mother increases the probability of the labour force participation of his wife by 15 percentage points. The effect is mainly driven by males with less than a high school education. One possible confounding factor is the effect of labour force participation of the wife’s mother on the wife’s labour participation decision. However, in a different sample, we do not find any effect of work force participation of wives’ mothers on wives’ decisions to join the labour force. Finally, we test the effect of the work force participation of a husband’s mother on the husband’s preferences regarding child-rearing practices. We find that having a working mother strongly reduces the probability that daughters will be tasked to care for siblings and fosters preferences for a more egalitarian allocation of educational resources among children. Hence, promoting female labour force participation can have important dynamic implications, especially for developing countries

Research on animal models : a guideline proposal

Animais são utilizados em experimentos científicos desde a antigüidade. Inúmeras investigações utilizando animais foram e continuam sendo realizadas até os dias atuais. Muitas descobertas na área biomédica, como a pressão sangüínea, por exemplo, resultaram de experimentações em animais. Não existe no Brasil nenhuma legislação específica que regulamente o uso de animais para fins experimentais, ao contrário de outros países. Do ponto de vista ético, os animais utilizados em pesquisas científicas devem ser tratados de forma adequada, sendo que os pesquisadores têm o dever de evitar a dor e o sofrimento desnecessários.Since ancient times, animals have been used in scientific experiments and continue being used in numerous medical investigations. Research with animal models has been fundamental for findings in the biomedical area, such as blood pressure regulation, for example. Contrarily to many countries that have laws regulating research with animal models, there is no such legislation in Brazil. Animals used in research models should be treated appropriately and researchers must avoid unnecessary pain and suffering