ANÁLISE SOCIAL E ERGONÔMICA DA ATIVIDADE DE COLETA INFORMAL DE MATERIAL RECICLÁVEL

A atividade de coletar materiais recicláveis das ruas tem aumentado consideravelmente no Brasil. Por ser uma profissão exercida nas vias urbanas, acaba absorvendo aspectos negativos que inevitavelmente acabam por prejudicar o trabalhador. Além de problemas relacionados à saúde no trabalho, é visível um processo de exclusão dessas pessoas por uma maioria da população. Com isso, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a situação atual desta atividade, apontando suas carências e reais necessidades, a fim de torná-la mais humana. Como ferramentas de pesquisa, foram feitas entrevistas e análises observatórias em diversos locais, constatando-se que estes trabalhadores são prejudicados por problemas não só ergonômicos, mas também sociais, e por isso sugere-se uma abordagem a fim de criar um vínculo entre o catador e a sociedade que o rodeia, para que então se possa também resolver as questões ergonômicas, que acabam sendo secundárias quando os trabalhadores são incluídos em uma sociedade que os exclui.Palavras-chave: Catadores de materiais recicláveis. Ergonomia. Sociedade. Reciclagem. Design social.ABSTRACTThe activity of collecting recyclable materials from the streets has increased considerably in Brazil. Being a profession exercised on the streets it ends up absorbing negatives aspects that inevitably end up harming the worker. In addition to the problems related to work health, a process of exclusion of these people by a majority of the population is visible. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the current situation of this the activity, pointing out its real needs, in order to make it more human. As research tools, interviews and observatory analysis were made in several places, showing that these workers are not only harmed by ergonomic problems but also by social issues, and because of that a different approach is suggested, aiming the development of a bond between the worker and the society around him so the ergonomic issues can be solved, since they end up being secondary when the workers are included in a society that excludes them.Keywords: Recyclable material collectors. Ergonomics. Society. Recycling. Social design

First Light Measurements of Capella with the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory

We present the first X-ray spectrum obtained by the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS) aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The spectrum is of Capella and covers a wavelength range of 5-175 A (2.5-0.07 keV). The measured wavelength resolution, which is in good agreement with ground calibration, is $\Delta \lambda \simeq$ 0.06 A (FWHM). Although in-flight calibration of the LETGS is in progress, the high spectral resolution and unique wavelength coverage of the LETGS are well demonstrated by the results from Capella, a coronal source rich in spectral emission lines. While the primary purpose of this letter is to demonstrate the spectroscopic potential of the LETGS, we also briefly present some preliminary astrophysical results. We discuss plasma parameters derived from line ratios in narrow spectral bands, such as the electron density diagnostics of the He-like triplets of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, as well as resonance scattering of the strong Fe XVII line at 15.014 A.Comment: 4 pages (ApJ letter LaTeX), 2 PostScript figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 200

Morphometric Study of the Equine Navicular Bone: Comparisons between Fore and Rear Limbs

Navicular bones collected from the four limbs of 95 sound horses were studied. The anatomic bases have been laid down about morphometry of the navicular bones and their variations according to limbs, after corrections have been made for morphologic type, gender, weight, size and age. All the dimensions of the navicular bone (except for the thickness) were larger in the fore limb. This phenomenon probably reflects an attempt to compensate for the greater forces exerted upon the fore limbs during exercise and at rest. Navicular bones collected from the four limbs of 61 sound horses were studied and the anatomic bases were described for histomorphometry of the fore and rear navicular bones. Fore navicular bones possess less cortical bone at the level of the articular surface, as well as at the level of the flexor surface and proximal border, but larger amounts of cancellous bone. Articular and flexor surface cortical bone show a larger porosity in the fore navicular bones and a larger amount of mineralized cartilage. The mineralized portion for distal impar- and collateral sesamoidean ligaments are also larger for the fore navicular bones. Two distinct zones are observed for the flexor surface cortex that have never been reported in the literature before: an external zone, which is mainly composed of poorly remodelled lamellar bone, arranged in a disto-proximal oblique direction, and an internal zone, which is mainly composed of secondary bone, with a latero-medial direction of Haversian canals. Bone architecture is discussed with regard to the mechanic load, encountered by the bone during locomotion