326 research outputs found
Meta-análisis de las alteraciones de la sustancia gris en la esquizofrenia
Treball de Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs acadèmic 2016-2017A pesar de que se sabe con certeza que la esquizofrenia esta relacionada con alteraciones en la
estructura cerebral, se han realizado múltiples estudios para tratar de esclarecer los cambios en el
volumen de sustancia gris en las regiones cerebrales asà como los factores que intervienen en pacientes
con esta patologÃa en comparación con sujetos normales, sin tener a dÃa de hoy resultados que aporten
evidencias claras. Por ello se realizó un meta-análisis cuyo objetivo fue cuantificar y analizar los
datos extraÃdos mediante la morfologÃa basada en voxel tras la comparación de los volúmenes
cerebrales regionales de la sustancia gris en 27 estudios, que incluÃan 859 pacientes con esquizofrenia
en comparación con 874 sujetos sanos con el fin de encontrar e identificar las diferencias estructurales
que habÃa entre ambos grupos. Los resultados del presente estudio confirmaron los hallazgos previos
que se habÃan dado con anterioridad en la literatura al mostrar diferencias significativas en el volumen
de la sustancia gris en zonas frontales, temporales y lÃmbicas en pacientes con esquizofrenia en
comparación con sujetos sanos. Los futuros estudios sobre esquizofrenia deberÃan tratar de esclarecer
tanto los cambios en la estructura cerebral que se producen tanto a nivel global como regional asÃ
como la influencia de las diversas variables que afectan a esta patologÃa.Although it’s known with certainty that schizophrenia is related to alterations in the cerebral
structure, multiple studies have been carried out to try to clarify the changes in the gray matter volume
in the cerebral regions as well as the factors that intervene in patients with this pathology compared to
normal subjects, without having today results that provide clear evidence. Therefore, we conducted a
meta-analysis whose objective was to quantify and analyze the data extracted by the voxel based on
morphology after comparison of regional brain volumes of the gray matter in 27 studies, which
included 859 patients with schizophrenia in comparison with 874 healthy subjects in order to find and
identify the structural differences between the two groups. The results of the present study confirm the
previous findings that have been given previously in the literature to show significant differences in
gray matter volume in frontal, temporal and limbic areas in patients with schizophrenia compared to
healthy subjects. Future studies on schizophrenia should try to clarify both changes in brain structure
occurring both globally and regionally as well as the influence of the various variables that affect this
patholog
Tolerance, flexibility and the application of kind terms
We explore two ways of distinguishing the semantic operation of kind terms. First, we focus on a distinction between terms with a flexible versus terms with an inflexible semantics. Flexibility depends on whether some changes in the domain of application are taken to be possible while being consistent with past usage and what is intuitively the same meaning. On the other hand we discuss terms whose mode of operation is tolerant, in that the cohabitation in the speakers' community of more than one use or practice of use of the term in question is accepted. Those terms contrast with terms that operate in a strict way restricting severely the legitimacy of different uses that cut the domain of application in different ways. Among the latter we include terms with an ethical component and terms whose correct application involves high stakes. These distinctions are not new, since the phenomena that we identify as flexibility and tolerance have been observed, although in our view they have not been properly systematized and assessed. We argue that the two distinctions throw light on the bases of some disputes and on some legal disagreements
Legal Disagreements and Theories of Reference
Martà G., RamÃrez-Ludeña L. (2016) Legal Disagreements and Theories of Reference. In: Capone A., Poggi F. (eds) Pragmatics and Law. Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology, vol 7. Springer, Cham. [ISBN: 978-3-319-30385-7]According to Hartian positivists, law is a conventional practice that requires a convergence that includes not only the regularity of behavior but also of certain beliefs and attitudes. It is easy to conclude that in this framework the meaning of terms is determined by shared criteria that are transparent to all parties, a form of semantic descriptivism. This, at least, is the way in which Dworkin and his followers have interpreted Hart’s positivist stance. The problem is that disagreements often arise on how to interpret the words of the law, and this fact seems to conflict with the emphasis of positivism on the idea of agreement, or so it is argued. If the meaning of legal terms depends on shared criteria, why do individuals disagree? And if they disagree, what does their disagreement consist in?
The discussion about how to account for interpretive disagreement can be seen as a discussion about how to account for the meaning of terms, and hence as a discussion about what kind of theory of meaning explains the existence of disagreement and the grounds for its resolution. In some cases a descriptivist approach to semantics seems to be correct, whereas other cases seem to speak in favor of non-descriptivist theories of reference.
In this work we will examine critically how two competing approaches to meaning account for disagreements. We will argue that Hart’s conventionalist stance does not commit him to descriptivism. That non-descriptivist theories of reference, properly understood, can account for a vast array of cases of interpretive disagreement; that an account of different kinds of disagreement can be provided from a conventionalist perspective within the framework of non-descriptivist theories of reference, and hence that the dispute between Dworkinians and Hartians does not depend on Hart’s commitment to one or another semantic theory. We argue that both in and out of the legal context, a host of non-semantic considerations have to be taken into account in the adjudication of disputes
Protocolo asistencial sobre el manejo del estreñimiento inducido por opioides
Treball Final de Grau en Medicina. Codi: MD1158. Curs acadèmic: 2020/2021El estreñimiento inducido por opioides (EIO) es el efecto adverso más frecuente del
tratamiento con este tipo de fármacos. Se caracteriza por presentar cualquiera de los
sÃntomas siguientes: frecuencia reducida de las deposiciones espontáneas; esfuerzo o
empeoramiento del mismo para conseguir la defecación; sensación de evacuación
incompleta o ansiedad relacionada con el hábito defecatorio. El inadecuado manejo del
EIO provoca un elevado gasto económico para el sistema sanitario e incluso reduce la
calidad de vida de los pacientes, pudiendo afectar a la adherencia del tratamiento
opioideo. Dada la relevancia del problema, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es
elaborar una propuesta de manejo actualizada para conseguir el control óptimo del EIO.
Para desarrollar el protocolo, se ha efectuado una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática
sobre la evidencia cientÃfica disponible hasta la actualidad, y en base a ella, se han
formulado una serie de recomendaciones que incluyen medidas farmacológicas y no
farmacológicas que guiarán la práctica clÃnica habitual en pacientes del departamento
de salud de Castellón.Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most common side effect of treatment with this
type of drug. It is characterized by presenting any of these symptoms: reduced frequency
of spontaneous bowel movements; effort or effort worsening to achieve defecation;
feeling of incomplete evacuation or anxiety related to defecatory habit. Inadequate
handling of the OIC causes high economic expenses for the health care system and even
reduces the quality of life of patients, which can affect to the adherence of opioid
treatment. Given the relevance of the problem, the main objective of this work is to
develop an updated management proposal to achieve the optimal control of the OIC. A
systematic literature search on the clinical evidence available to this day has been carried
out in order to develop the protocol, and based on it, a number of recommendations have
been made including pharmacological measures and non-pharmacological practices that
will guide the usual clinical practice in Castellón's health department
Diseño y desarrollo de un sistema de control por radiofrecuencia para la optimización de la gestión del inventario del almacén de envases en una planta industrial de fabricación de pinturas
[ES] El sistema diseñado consiste en reflejar en el registro de existencias las entradas, las salidas y los
movimientos internos en el almacén mediante un software desarrollado por el Departamento de
Informática. Para ello se marca como objetivo la creación de dos nuevos almacenes en el sistema:
uno provisional y otro definitivo con ubicaciones identificadas mediante etiquetas con código de
barras para el stock de envases y tapas. Para traspasar las existencias del almacén provisional al
definitivo es necesario inventariar todas las ubicaciones del almacén, y se debe hacer sin detener el
ritmo de producción.[CA] El sistema dissenyat consistix en reflectir al registre d’existències les entrades, les eixides i els
moviments interns en el magatzem mitjançant un software desenrotllat pel Departament
d’Informà tica. Per això es marca com a objectiu la creació de dos nous magatzems al sistema: un de
provisional i un altre de definitiu amb ubicacions identificades mitjançant etiquetes amb codi de
barres per a l’stock d’envasos i tapes. Per a traspassar les existències del magatzem provisional al
definitiu és necessari inventariar totes les ubicacions del magatzem, i això s’ha de fer sense detindre
el ritme de producció.[EN] The designed system consists in reflecting the inputs, the outputs and the internal movements in the
warehouse in the stocks register through software developed by the TI Department. To do so, the
creation of two new warehouses in the system is established as an aim: a provisional one and a
definitive one with locations identified through barcode labels for the containers and covers stocks.
In order to transfer the stocks from the provisional warehouse to the definitive one, it is necessary to
inventory every location in the warehouse, and it must be done without stopping the production
rate.RamÃrez MartÃ, D. (2016). Diseño y desarrollo de un sistema de control por radiofrecuencia para la optimización de la gestión del inventario del almacén de envases en una planta industrial de fabricación de pinturas. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/70709.TFG
Validació i classificació d'à udio del projecte "Common Voice"
Common Voice és un projecte que convida a la gent a donar la seva veu en la seva llengua materna amb el propòsit de reunir corpus de veus. Aquests corpus, disponibles en més de noranta idiomes, estan formats per una gran quantitat d’à udios curts, en els quals els usuaris es graven llegint una frase, i es poden utilitzar per millorar els sistemes de reconeixement i sÃntesi de parla. Precisament en català la majoria d’aquests sistemes actualment necessiten millores en els seus models i la base de dades de Common Voice pot arribar a ser de gran utilitat. Un dels seus avantatges és l'accessibilitat per a tothom, tant per la gent que vol desenvolupar sistemes de reconeixement com per la que vol proporcionar la seva veu. Per aquest motiu, aquest projecte utilitza el corpus català amb la intenció de validar-lo, intentant generar una segmentació fonètica dels à udios i posteriorment analitzant la precisió de les etiquetes, amb l’objectiu de poder contribuir en el desenvolupament de les tecnologies de la parla, a més d’adquirir coneixements sobre el funcionament de gestió de dades i entrenament de models amb xarxes neuronals. Inicialment, es pretenia processar la base de dades completa, formada per 25 GB de dades i més de 1000 hores gravades, però això requereix una gran quantitat de temps i de recursos computacionals, aixà que s’ha optat per seleccionar un conjunt reduït de dades i treballar a menor escala. El procediment ha sigut realitzar un alineament forçat amb els à udios i les seves transcripcions amb els programes Festival i Montreal Forced Aligner. Per aquest últim s’ha necessitat entrenar un model acústic, utilitzant el mateix corpus de Common Voice però amb diferents arxius. Finalment s’ha analitzat la precisió temporal de les etiquetes resultants, en les que s’ha vist que no eren del tot perfectes.Common Voice es un proyecto que invita a la gente a donar su voz en su lengua materna con el propósito de reunir corpus de voz. Estos corpus, disponibles en más de noventa idiomas, estan formados por una gran cantidad de audios cortos, en los que los usuarios se graban leyendo una frase, y se pueden utilizar para mejorar los sistemes de reconocimiento y sÃntesi del habla. Precisamente en catalán la mayorÃa de estos sistemas actualmente necesitan mejoras en sus models y la base de datos de Common Voice puede llegar a ser de gran utilidad. Una de sus ventajas es la accesibilidad para todo el mundo, tanto para la gente que quiere desarrollar sistemas de reconocimiento como para la que quiere proporcionar su voz. Por eso, este proyecto utiliza el corpus catalán con la intención de validarlo, intentando generar una segmentación fonética de los audios y posteriormente analizando la precisión de las etiquetas, con el objetivo de poder contribuir con el desarrollo de las tecnologÃas del habla, además de adquirir conocimientos sobre el funcionamiento de gestión de datos y entrenamiento de modelos con redes neuronales. Inicialmente, se pretendÃa procesar la base de datos completa, formada por 25 GB de datos y más de 1000 horas grabadas, pero esto requiere una gran cantidad de tiempo y de recursos computacionales, asà que se ha optado por seleccionar un conjunto reducido de datos y trabajar a menor escala. El procedimiento ha sido realizar un alineamiento forzado con los audios y sus transcripciones con los programas Festival y Montreal Forced Aligner. Para este último se ha necesitado entrenar un modelo acústico, usando el mismo corpus de Common Voice pero con diferentes archivos. Finalmente se ha analizado la precisión temporal de las etiquetas resultantes, en las que se ha visto que no eran del todo perfectas.Common Voice is a project that invites people to donate their voice in their mother tongue in order to collect speech corpora. These corpora, available in more than ninety languages, consist of a large quantity of short audio files, in which users record themselves reading a sentence, and can be used to improve speech recognition and synthesis systems. In catalan, most of these systems currently need improvement in their models and the Common Voice dataset may be very helpful. One of its advantages is the accessibility for everyone, both for people who want to develop speech recognition systems and for people who want to provide their voice data. For this reason, this project uses the catalan corpus with the purpose of validating it, generating a phonetic segmentation of the audios and subsequently analyzing the labeling precision, with the aim of being able to contribute in the development of speech technologies, as well as gaining knowledge about data management and model training. The initial idea was processing the whole dataset, consisting of 25 GB of data and more than 1000 hours of recording, but this requires a large amount of time and computing resources, so a later choice was selecting a reduced set of audios and work on a smaller scale. The procedure was performing forced alignment on the audios and their orthographic transcriptions with Festival and Montreal Forced Aligner. For the latter, the training of a new acoustic model was needed, using the same Common Voice corpus but with different files. Finally the accuracy of the labels was analyzed, but the results showed that they were not entirely accurate
Sóc prou gran per tenir Facebook? Menors i ús de la xarxa social
Sempre s'ha alertat dels avantatges i perills que la xarxa social Facebook pot suposar per
als seus usuaris, però mai se n'ha parlat des de la perspectiva de restricció que l'empresa
mateixa s'autoimposa com a norma general per poder usar-la: els 13 anys d'edat mÃnima.
Mitjançant 475 enquestes, en aquest estudi es realitza un treball de camp en diferents
escoles catalanes per comprovar si aquesta xarxa social s'usa en una edat menor a
l'esmentada i, si és el cas, comprovar els coneixements que els nois tenen sobre ús i
privacitat en la preadolescència. Els resultats d'aquest treball pioner a Catalunya
mostren algunes diferències significatives amb els estudis previs realitzats als Estats
Units. AixÃ, la incorporació de Facebook a la rutina dià ria dels adolescents no amaga un
cert desconeixement d'aspectes com la privacitat.The advantages and disadvantages of using Facebook have regularly been commented
on. However, this issue has never been discussed from the perspective of the
restrictions that Facebook itself puts forward, which indicate that users must be at least
13 years old. By means of a survey of 475 children, this empirically grounded study
analyses whether this rule is effectively being followed or if students aged under 13,
attending Catalan schools, use this social network. If so, their knowledge of issues such
as privacy are studied. The results of this pioneering work bring to light some
differences with respect to previous research carried out in the US. For instance, despite
routinely using Facebook, young users are often not aware of issues such as privacy
Catalytic behaviour of transition metal carbides of group 5 in the methanol steam reforming
Transition metal carbides of group 5 (G5TMC=VC, NbC and TaC) with similar crystallite sizes were prepared by a sol-gel route. The catalysts were characterized and studied in the methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction in the temperature range of 573–723 K at atmospheric pressure and using a stoichiometric CH3OH/H2O = 1/1 mole ratio mixture. Under the MSR reaction conditions used, the route of methanol transformation depends on the G5TMC used as catalyst. The catalytic behaviour of VC differs from that of NbC and TaC, which in turn show a similar behaviour. Over VC, methanol is mainly converted to a mixture of H2+CH4, whereas over NbC and TaC the major product obtained is HCHO, formed from the dehydrogenation of methanol
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