Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured CaCu2.90 Zn0.10 Ti4O12 Ceramic

Nanostructure CaCu2.90Zn0.10Ti4O12 (CCZTO) electronic ceramic was synthesized by semi‐wet route. The objective of this route is to enable the calcination and sintering processes to go for completion in shorter time and at lower temperature.The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM and EDX analyses. The crystallite size of the CCZTO ceramic, obtained by XRD using Debye Scherrer formula, range from 38‐74nm which is in good agreement with the particle size observed by TEM analysis. It was observed clearly that the grain size significantly increased with an increase in sintering duration. Dielectric measurements were carried out by LCR meter in the temperature range, 300‐  500K, at few selected frequencies. It was also observed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of CCZTO are temperature independent in higher frequency whereas temperature dependent in low frequency region. The ceramics exhibit high dielectric constant of 1.35 x 10 4 at 1 kHz

Using multi-valued decision diagram to solve the expected hop count problem

The Expected Hop Count (EHC) of a computer communication network has so far been computed for network models that consider only device or link failure, but not both. We introduce an Augmented Ordered Multi-valued Decision Diagram (OMDD-A) to obtain the EHC of a network in which both devices and links may fail. The OMDD-A approach can compute the EHC of a 2100 grid network with 299 paths, which is unsolvable using existing techniques. We show that OMDD-A generates significantly fewer nodes than the corresponding ordered binary decision diagram, leading to large reductions in processing time

Dissociative Autoionization in (1+2)-photon Above Threshold Excitation of H2 Molecules

We have theoretically studied the effect of dissociative autoionization on the photoelectron energy spectrum in (1+2)-photon above threshold ionization(ATI) of H2 molecules. We have considered excitation from the ground state X-singlet-Sigma-g+(v=0,j) to the doubly excited autoionizing states of singlet-Sigma-u+ and singlet-Pi-u+ symmetry, via the intermediate resonant B-singlet-Sigma-u+(v=5,j) states. We have shown that the photoelectron energy spectrum is oscillatory in nature and shows three distinct peaks above the photoelectron energy 0.7 eV. This feature has been observed in a recent experiment by Rottke et al, J. Phys. B, Vol. 30, p-4049 (1997).Comment: 11 pages and 4 figure

Preparation, Characterization & Solubility of Arsenic Hydroxylapatite

1014-101

Geometry of escort distributions

Given an original distribution, its statistical and probabilistic attributs may be scanned by the associated escort distribution introduced by Beck and Schlogl and employed in the formulation of nonextensive statistical mechanics. Here, the geometric structure of the one-parameter family of the escort distributions is studied based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the relevant Fisher metric. It is shown that the Fisher metric is given in terms of the generalized bit-variance, which measures fluctuations of the crowding index of a multifractal. The Cramer-Rao inequality leads to the fundamental limit for precision of statistical estimate of the order of the escort distribution. It is also quantitatively discussed how inappropriate it is to use the original distribution instead of the escort distribution for calculating the expectation values of physical quantities in nonextensive statistical mechanics.Comment: 12 pages, no figure

Unitarity constraints on the stabilized Randall-Sundrum scenario

Recently proposed stabilization mechanism of the Randall-Sundrum metric gives rise to a scalar radion, which couples universally to matter with a weak interaction ($\simeq 1$ TeV) scale. Demanding that gauge boson scattering as described by the effective low enerrgy theory be unitary upto a given scale leads to significant constraints on the mass of such a radion.Comment: 10 page Latex 2e file including 4 postscript figures. Accepted in Journal of Physics

Program transformations using temporal logic side conditions

This paper describes an approach to program optimisation based on transformations, where temporal logic is used to specify side conditions, and strategies are created which expand the repertoire of transformations and provide a suitable level of abstraction. We demonstrate the power of this approach by developing a set of optimisations using our transformation language and showing how the transformations can be converted into a form which makes it easier to apply them, while maintaining trust in the resulting optimising steps. The approach is illustrated through a transformational case study where we apply several optimisations to a small program

Impacts of Improved Pearl Millet Cultivars in India

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is the fourth most important cereal in India in terms of area cultivated after rice, wheat, and sorghum. It provides grain and fodder to milch animals and is usually grown under harsh environments and on poor soils. India grows about 7 Mt of pearl millet grain from 10 Mha of land. The major pearl millet-growing states in India are Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh (Table 1). In terms of yield in 1995-98, Uttar Pradesh stood first, followed by Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Rajasthan. These nine states covered more than 99% of the total pearl millet area and production in 1995-98. While the area under pearl millet has been declining over time in all the states, except Maharashtra, production has gone up in all the states, except Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu (Table 1). Pearl millet yield increased in all the states and more than doubled in a majority of them in the late 1990s compared to the early 1960s. Increase in yield was associated with increase in area under improved pearl millet cultivars..

Mitochondrial diversity of Yoruba and Fulani chickens: A biodiversity reservoir in Nigeria

Poultry are the most widely distributed type of livestock in Nigeria. Indigenous chickens are extremely common throughout the country. Indeed, approximately 83 million chickens are raised in extensive systems and 60 million in semi-intensive systems. To provide the first comprehensive overview of the maternal lineages in Southwest Nigeria, we analyzed 96 mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from 2 indigenous chicken ecotypes: Fulani and Yoruba. All samples belonged to the most frequent haplogroup (E) in Africa and Europe and showed noticeably low haplotype diversity. Although only 11 different haplotypes were detected, with 2 of them never found before in Nigeria, the presence of unique sequences among our indigenous samples testified to their status as an important genetic resource to be preserved. Furthermore, a total of 7,868 published sequences were included in the comparative analysis, which revealed an east-west geographic pattern of haplogroup distribution and led to the conclusion that the gene flow from Southeastern Asia mainly involved one mitochondrial clade. Moreover, owing to the extensive genetic intermixing among Nigerian chickens, conservation efforts are required to safeguard the extant mitochondrial variability in these indigenous ecotypes and establish future improvement and selection programs