LITERATURE REVIEW : PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA ALAMI TERHADAP LARVA Aedes aegypti INSTAR III DAN IV

Based on the types, DENV 2 and DENV 3 are the types of dengue found in Indonesia, but the dominant one is DENV 3 because this type of virus causes severe cases of dengue. The papaya plant is a highly potent plant of natural larvicide. The literature review to compare the effectiveness of the papaya (Carica papaya L.) of each concentration, LC50 and LC90 againts the death toll of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The study uses a Systematic Literature Review, the sourse of the data used in this study is secondary data obtained from experimental research journals and retrieved from websites Google Scholar. The journal received was 10 national journals and 5 international journals. Ten journals using papaya leaf ethanol extract, 1 journal using papaya leaf filtrate, 1 journal papaya leaf juice, 1 journal papaya sead ethanol extract, 1 journal papaya sead and leaf ethanol extract, as well as ethanol extract of seed, leaf, bark, and papaya root 1 journal. Researchers on average use more papaya leaf compared to other parts of the papaya plant and each method of precessing and concentration is different for each journal.  There are 14 journals that say that the higher the concentration is used, the more the larvae are Ae. aegypti was killed, where as 1 journal says that the lower the concentration, the more toxic the larvae will get Ae. aegypti.Berdasarkan tipe, DENV 2 dan DENV 3 merupakan tipe dengue yang ditemukan di Indonesia, namun yang lebih dominan yaitu DENV 3 karena tipe virus ini menyebabkan terjadinya kasus DBD yang berat. Tanaman papaya merupakan tanaman yang sangat berpotensi sebagai larvasida alami. Tujuan Literature review ini untuk membandingkan efektivitas papaya (Carica papaya L.) dari masing-masing konsentrasi dan   LC50 maupun LC90 terhadap jumlah kematian larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Systematic Literature Review, sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder diperoleh dari jurnal penelitian eksperimen dan diambil dari website seperti Google Scholar. Jurnal yang didapatkan yaitu 10 jurnal nasional dan 5 jurnal internasional. Terdapat 10 jurnal yang menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun pepaya, 1 jurnal menggunakan filtrat daun pepaya, 1 jurnal juice daun pepaya, ekstrak etanol biji buah pepaya 1 jurnal, ektrak etanol biji dan daun pepaya 1 jurnal, serta ekstrak etanol biji, daun, kulit, dan akar pepaya 1 jurnal. Peneliti rata-rata banyak menggunakan daun pepaya dibandingakan bagian yang lainnya dari tanaman pepaya dan masing-masing cara pegolahan serta konsentrasinya berbeda-beda tiap jurnal. Terdapat 14 jurnal yang mengatakan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan maka semakin banyak larva Ae. aegypti yang terbunuh, sedangkan 1 jurnal mengatakan bahwa semakin rendah konsentrasi maka akan semakin toksik terhadap larva Ae. aegypti

IDENTIFICATION OF HELMINTH AND ZOONOSIS POTENTIAL IN EEL (Anguilla spp.) FROM LINDU LAKE, SIGI DISTRICT

Parasitic helminth infection in eel (Anguilla spp.) From the Lindu Lake affects fish health and fish weight. The purpose of this study identified parasitic helminth and zoonosis potential in eels From Lake Lindu. The helminth parasitic examinations were collection of eels, observation, measurement, identification of helminth, and staining nematode and trematode used clove oil and Semichon Acetocarmine. The species of helminth found were Anisakis sp. 44%, Anguillicola sp. 2%, and digenean 23%. The potential zoonotic is Anisakis sp., among other Helminth on eels. Eel consumption must cook because there are Anisakis sp. that have the potential for zoonosis.Keywords: Identification, Helminth Parasitic, Ee

DISTRIBUSI LARVA NYAMUK DI DESA HENDA KABUPATEN PULANG PISAU KALIMANTAN TENGAH INDONESIA

Mosquitoes are adaptable vectors that can survive in a variety of environments, and both tropical and subtropical regions of the planet are now home to them. Aedes sp. and Culex sp. mosquitoes are two vectors for the significant health issue known as arbovirus in humans. The purpose of this study is to map out the species distribution of mosquito larvae in Henda Village, Pulang Pisau Regency. This study has a cross sectional design and is a descriptive observational study. The Biomedical Laboratory, located in the Faculty of Medicine at Palangka Raya University, was used to conduct the sampling by looking for all mosquito larvae breeding places both inside and outside the home. Maps are used to visually represent data analysis and are displayed using descriptive distribution analysis. According to the study's findings, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae were discovered inside the home, and Ae. albopictus, Cx. Quinquefasciatus, and Cx. vishnui larvae were discovered outside. The breeding habitats for each species are unique. Through an integrated vector management scheme, the spread of arbovirus vectors discovered in Henda Village, Pulang Pisau Regency, can be managed

SEBARAN HABITAT LARVA Anopheles spp. DI KELURAHAN TANGKILING KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

Malaria cases are still a problem throughout the world, especially in Palangka Raya City. Malaria is still a health problem that causes death, especially in infants, toddlers and pregnant women. This study aims to determine the distribution of Anopheles spp. larvae in Tangkiling Village, Palangka Raya City. This study used a survey method. Anopheles larval habitats were found at five points in Tangkiling Village, with habitats in the form of three puddles, fish ponds and water reservoirs. Each Anopheles habitat is close to residential areas and cattle pens. Kasus malaria masih menjadi permasalahan di seluruh dunia khususnya Kota Palangka Raya Malaria masih menjadi masalah Kesehatan yang menyebabkan kematian terutama pada bayi, balita dan ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persebaran larva Anopheles spp. di Kelurahan Tangkiling, Kota Palangka Raya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Habitat larva Anopheles ditemukan pada lima titik di Kelurahan Tangkiling, dengan habitatnya berupa tiga genangan air, kolam ikan dan bak penampungan air. Setiap habitat Anopheles berdekatan dengan pemukiman warga dan kandang sapi

Protozoa Parasitik pada Ikan Sidat (Anguilla spp.) Asal Danau Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah

Infection protozoan parasitic on eels (Anguilla spp.) from Lindu Lake was affected weight eels and health eels. The protozoan parasitic examinations were collection of eels, inspection eels, observation, measurement, identification of parasites, and staining protozoan used giemsa stained, trematode used semichons’s acetocarmine stained and nematode used clove oil and KOH. The diversity of parasitic protozoan found such as: Myxidium sp., Myxobolus sp., Chilodonella sp., Ceratomyxa sp., Balantidium sp., Henneguya sp., and Glugea sp. The highest prevalence Myxidium sp. in eels was 77% and no protozoan dominated between other parasites. Based on chi-square test, protozoan parasitic had a different preference to organs of eels

Identifikasi larva Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus di Kecamatan Pahandut Kota Palangka Raya

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. which can be found in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The transmission of dengue fever is closely related to people\u27s daily living habits. Factors that play a role in the emergence of disease are influenced by human factors as hosts and Aedes spp mosquitoes. as a vector for transmitting dengue fever. The breeding place for Aedes spp. can increase the mosquito population in transmitting dengue fever to humans. Research on peat water as a habitat for Aedes spp. larvae. It is very important to do this as an effort to control dengue vectors, especially in areas where the pH of the water tends to be acidic in Palangka Raya City because the larvae of Aedes spp. has the ability to adapt to water that tends to be acidic. This research was conducted using a survey method with a cross-sectional study and experimental laboratory design.Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. which can be found in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The transmission of dengue fever is closely related to people\u27s daily living habits. Factors that play a role in the emergence of disease are influenced by human factors as hosts and Aedes spp mosquitoes. as a vector for transmitting dengue fever. The breeding place for Aedes spp. can increase the mosquito population in transmitting dengue fever to humans. Research on peat water as a habitat for Aedes spp. larvae. It is very important to do this as an effort to control dengue vectors, especially in areas where the pH of the water tends to be acidic in Palangka Raya City because the larvae of Aedes spp. has the ability to adapt to water that tends to be acidic. This research was conducted using a survey method with a cross-sectional study and experimental laboratory design

LITERATUR REVIEW: PERAN CENDAWAN NEMATOFAGUS TERHADAP NEMATODA PARASIT

Nematofagus is a soil fungus that can reduce nematode worms and act as a biocontrol. This study aims to determine the type of nematofagus fungus that can reduce parasitic nematodes through a systematic review. The data sources in this study were obtained from google scholar, and NCBI. The results obtained were seven articles stating that the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans was able to kill nematode worms at stage L3, and three journals showed the fungus Pochonia Chlamydosporia could control nematode parasitic worm larvae. Next was the fungus Chysosporium spp, the fungus Trichoderma spp, and Purpureocillium lilacinum. Various types of nematofagus-reduced nematode parasites were Duddingtonia flagrans and Pochonia Chlamydosporia. Fungi have a role that is considered effective in reducing and controlling nematode parasites and can be used as biocontrol.Latar Belakang: Cendawan nematofagus merupakan cendawan tanah yang dapat mereduksi cacing nematoda, cendawan ditemukan di berbagai tempat dan cendawan terbukti efektif sebagai agen biocontrol, Cendawan tergolong nematofagus seperti: Arthrobotrys spp., Catenaria anguillulae, Drechmeria spp., Duddingtonia flagrans., Geniculifera spp., Harposporium spp., Monacrosporium spp., Nematocnus spp., Pleurotus spp., Tridentaria implicans, Verticillium balanoides. Tujuan: mengetahui jenis cendawan nematofagus yang mempunyai efek terhadap cacing parasit nematoda pada hewan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan systematic review. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Google Scholar, dan NCBI. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah cendawan nematofagus dan nematoda, diperoleh 15 jurnal penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan analisis kualitas data. Hasil: 7 jurnal penelitian menyatakan cendawan dengan jenis Duddingtonia flagrans mampu membunuh cacing nematoda pada stadium L3, 3 jurnal penelitian menyatakan cendawan jenis Pochonia Chlamydosporia mampu mengontrol larva cacing parasit nematoda. 1 jurnal dengan penelitian cendawan Chysosporium spp, 2 jurnal penelitian dengan cendawan Trichoderma spp, 2 jurnal penelitian dengan cendawan jenis Purpureocillium lilacinum. Kesimpulan: Banyak jenis cendawan nematofagus yang baik dan mampu mereduksi cacing nematoda, tetapi banyaknya penelitian yang menggunakan cendawan Duddingtonia flagrans dan Pochonia Chlamydosporia, hal ini membuktikan jika kedua cendawan ini sangat bagus dalam mereduksi dan mengkontrol cacing parasit sehingga memiliki peran penting sebagai biocontrol pada lingkungan Kata kunci: Cendawan nematofagus, nematoda, jenis, dan Peran &nbsp

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq Leaves Against Haemonchus contortus

Haemonchosis is an infection caused by the Haemonchus contortus worm, a blood-sucking gastrointestinal parasite that can also infect humans. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves have been shown to have anthelmintic activity due to the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic activity of ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves against H. contortus. The infective H. contortus larvae were divided into six treatment groups: a 0.5% ethanol extract concentration group, a 1% ethanol extract concentration group, a 2% ethanol extract concentration group, a 4% ethanol extract concentration group, a positive control group (+), and a negative control group (-), each with four replicates. The study was conducted in six hours, with observations made at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours. The results showed that the death of the larvae increased with higher ethanol extract concentrations and longer exposure to the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves. The time of death for infective H. contortus larvae given the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves was at the 4th hour, and the effective dose of the ethanol extract as an anthelmintic was at the concentration of 0.5%.   Keywords: Anthelmintic, Haemonchus contortus, Orthosiphon aristatu

LITERATURE REVIEW : HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN DISMENORE PRIMER PADA REMAJA

Latar Belakang : Dismenore primer sering terjadi pada remaja karena hormon yang dihasilkan belum stabil. Prevalensi dismenore primer pada remaja Indonesia adalah 60-75%. Aktivitas fisik adalah salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya dismenore primer. Aktivitas fisik remaja menurun setiap tahun. Tujuan : Literature review ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan dismenore primer pada remaja. Metode: Mesin pencarian data yang digunakan adalah Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan Garuda. Jurnal yang dikumpulkan adalah jurnal nasional dan internasional sejak tahun 2015-2020. Pencarian artikel penelitian ini menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Literature review ini menggunakan 15 jurnal nasional dan 8 jurnal internasional. Hasil : Jurnal yang menyatakan aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan dismenore primer pada remaja ditemukan sebanyak 21 jurnal, sedangkan 2 jurnal menyatakan tidak berhubungan. Aktivitas fisik meningkatkan endorphin, memperlancar aliran darah kebagian genital, dan meningkatkan vasodilatasi pembuluh darah. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan dismenore primer pada remaja

hubungan kebersihan diri dengan kecacingan pada siswa kelas 3 – 5 sdn 1 pahandut seberang kota palangka raya tahun 2022

Abstract Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) are a group of intestinal nematode parasites that cause infection in humans, particularly children with poor hygiene. Ascaris lumbricoides, one of the most common intestinal nematodes, can be spread through infective eggs consumed with contaminated food or drink, as well as through dirty hands due to contaminated soil containing infective eggs. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and worms in grade 3-5 children at SDN 1 Pahandut Seberang, Palangka Raya City.This research was conducted using the analytical observational research method with a cross sectional approach. The sample used was 41 students from grades 3-5 of SDN 1 Pahandut Seberang. This study revealed that 23 students (56.1%) had good personal cleanliness, while 18 students (43.9%) had poor personal hygiene. Two pupils (4.9%) tested positive for helminthiasis out of a total of 39 students (95.1%). According to the Fisher's Exact test, the obtained findings were p = 0.187. There is no significant correlation between personal hygiene and worm infestation.Abstrak. Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) ialah sekelompok parasit nematoda usus yang menyebabkan infeksi pada manusia terutama pada anak-anak karena kebersihan diri mereka yang kurang baik. Salah satu nematoda usus yang paling sering menginfeksi adalah  Ascaris lumbricoides. Cara untuk mencegah kecacingan ini dengan memiliki kebersihan diri yang baik seperti mencuci tangan tujuh langkah dengan sabun dan air yang mengalir, menjaga kebersihan kuku tangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebersihan diri dengan kecacingan pada anak kelas 3-5 SDN 1 Pahandut Seberang Kota Palangka Raya. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian Observasional Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 41 siswa dari kelas 3-5 SDN 1 Pahandut Seberang. Kebersihan diri diukur menggunakan kuesioner dan kecacingan dilihat berdasarkan pemeriksaan tinja dengan metode Kato Katz. Data yang terkumpul di olah menggunakan analisis bivariat uji Fisher’s Exact. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 23 siswa (56,1%) memiliki kebersihan diri yang baik dan 18 siswa (43,9%) memiliki kebersihan diri yang kurang baik. Terdapat 39 siswa (95,1%) dinyatakan negatif kecacingan dan 2 siswa (4,9%) dinyatakan positif kecacingan. Berdasarkan uji Fisher’s Exact, didapatkan hasil p=0,187. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara kebersihan diri dengan kecacingan