Factores asociados a diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes atendidos en un hospital amazónico de Perú

Introduction: type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with cardiovascular and renal complications.Objective: to determine the sociodemographic and biological factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients treated at the “II Essalud Pucallpa” hospital in the period 2018 - 2019.Method: an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out. A sample of 124 patients was selected through simple random sampling. All data was collected from individual medical records and program books using the data collection form.Results: a predominance of patients was found in the age group from 30 to 39 years of age (25,8 %), as well as the female sex (64,5 %). Body mass index greater than 25 had a statistically significant relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus (p <0,05) and between the total cholesterol value, LDL above the optimum limit and HDL below 35mg/dl. 73,3 % of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus reported consuming more than one sugary drink per day, and 75% consumed alcohol, finding a statistically significant association (p <0.05). A predominance of metabolic syndrome patient’s (81,67 %) was found in in the group with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the presence of high blood pressure, high body mass index, cholesterol, LDL and HDL; as well as the consumption of alcohol and sugary drinks.Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un trastorno metabólico de múltiples etiologías caracterizado por hiperglucemia crónica y se asocia con complicaciones cardiovasculares y renales.Objetivo: determinar los factores sociodemográficos y biológicos asociados a diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes atendidos en el hospital “II Essalud Pucallpa” en el periodo 2018 – 2019.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Se seleccionó una muestra de 124 pacientes mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Todos los datos fueron recogidos a partir de las historias clínicas individuales y los libros del programa mediante formulario de recolección de datos.Resultados: se encontró predominio de pacientes en el grupo etario de 30 a 39 años de edad (25,8 %), de sexo femenino (64,5 %). El índice de masa corporal mayor a 25 tuvo relación estadística significativa con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (p<0,05) y entre el valor de colesterol total, LDL por encima del límite óptimo y HDL por debajo de 35mg/dl. El 73,33 % de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 refirieron consumir más de una bebida azucarada al día, y el 75 % consumía alcohol, encontrándose asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). Predominaron los pacientes con síndrome metabólico en el grupo con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.Conclusiones: la presencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 se asoció a la presencia de hipertensión arterial, elevado índice de masa corporal, colesterol, LDL y HDL; así como el consumo de alcohol y bebidas azucaradas

Factores asociados a complicaciones obstétricas en madres primigestas en un hospital amazónico de Perú

Introduction: obstetric complications refer to problems during pregnancy or delivery, which have long-term consequences for both mother and child.Objective: to determine the factors associated with obstetric complications in primigravid women at the Amazonian hospital in Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru during 2018.Methods: an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynecology service at Amazonian Hospital in Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru during 2018. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between variables, and it was determined whether p<0.05 was associated.Results: legally of age patients represented 73,71 %, 78,87 % showed as marital status living together or single, 57,22 % came from rural areas. There was an association (p<0,05) between being an underage, single or living together, and coming from a rural area with the development of obstetric complications. The 58,25 % of the patients had primary/secondary studies; 55,67 % of them had an occupation; 80,41 % of the patients reported an insufficient number of controls. An association was found between the number of controls and the incidence of complications (p=0,001).Conclusions: being underage, single or living together, as well as coming from a rural area were associated with the incidence of complications in primigravid women; as well as the educational level and the number of insufficient controls.Introducción: las complicaciones obstétricas se refieren a problemas durante el embarazo o el parto, las cuales tienen consecuencias a largo plazo en la madre y en el niño.Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a complicaciones obstétricas en madres primigestas del hospital amazónico de Yarinacocha durante el año 2018.Método: Se realizó una investigación observacional, analítico y transversal en el servicio de gineco-obstetricia del Hospital Amazónico de Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Perú durante el año 2018. Para determinar asociación entre variables se empleó la técnica Ji cuadrado donde se determinó asociación si p<0,05.  Resultados: El 73,71 % de las pacientes fueron mayores de edad, el 78,87 % exhibió como estado civil ser conviviente o soltero, el 57,22 % refirió provenir de zonas rurales. Se encontró asociación (p<0,05) entre ser menor de edad, ser soltero o conviviente, y proceder de una zona rural con el desarrollo de complicaciones obstétricas. El 58,25 % de las pacientes mostraron estudios primarios/secundarios. El 55,67 % de las pacientes poseían ocupación. El 80,41 % de las pacientes mostraron reportaron un numero inadecuado de controles. Se encontró asociación entre el número de controles y la presencia de complicaciones (p=0,001). Conclusiones: ser menor de edad, conviviente o soltera, así como provenir de una zona rural se asoció a la aparición de complicaciones en madres primigestas; al igual que el nivel educacional y el número de inadecuado de controles

Relación entre hallazgos citológicos e histológicos en pacientes de un hospital amazónico en Perú

Introduction: cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Objectives: to describe the positive cytological and histopathological findings in patients with cervical cancer.Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. A non-probabilistic intentional sampling with 80 women whose history presented complete information, taken from the clinical records, to make the correlation between cytological and histopathological findings in the Amazonian hospital of Yarinacocha, Peru during the period 2013 to 2017. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were used.Results: 34 % of the patients with positive cytology were between 40 and 49 years old. Fifteen percent of the cytological studies performed were positive. The ASCUS category was mostly related to Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia-1 (CIN-1) or mild dysplasia in 83 % of the cases; only 6 % were severe dysplasia or CIN-3. Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SILs) were associated with CIN-2 moderate dysplasia in 60 %.  High-grade SILs were associated with mild dysplasia CIN-1 in 58 % and 25 % were associated with severe dysplasia CIN-3. The cytological diagnosis of carcinoma was associated with mild dysplasia CIN-1 (66 %).Conclusion: it is concluded that there is a correlation between cytological lesions and their relationship with histological lesions. As the ASCUS type lesions; while by histology, CIN-1 type lesions predominated. A significant association was found between the type of lesion by cytology and histology.Introducción: el cáncer de cuello uterino sigue siendo una de las principales causas de muertes relacionadas con el cáncer en todo el mundo.Objetivos: describir los hallazgos citológicos positivos e histopatológicos en pacientes que con cáncer de cuello uterino.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se seleccionó por muestreo no probabilístico intencional 80 mujeres cuya historia presentaba información completa de las historias clínicas para hacer la correlación entre hallazgos citológicos e histopatológicos en el Hospital Amazónico de Yarinacocha durante el periodo 2013 al 2017. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y multivariado.Resultados: el 34 % de los pacientes con citología positiva se encuentra entre los 40 a 49 años. El 15 % de los estudios citológicos realizados fueron positivos. La categoría ASCUS se relaciona en la mayoría de las veces con NIC-1 o displasia leve en el 83 %) de los casos; solo el 6 % fueron displasia severa o NIC-3. LIE de bajo grado se relacionan con NIC-2 displasia moderada en un 60 %.  LIE de alto grado se relacionaron con displasia leve NIC-1 en el 58 % y el 25 % se relacionaron con displasia severa NIC3. El diagnóstico citológico de carcinoma se relacionó con NIC-1 displasia leve (66 %).Conclusión: Se concluye que existe correlación entre lesiones citológicas y su relación con las lesiones histológicas. Como las lesiones tipo ASCUS; mientras que por Histología predominaron las de tipo NIC-1. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el tipo de lesión por citología y por histología

Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 virus with a bioinformatics platform

Introduction: viral epidemics have presented a risk to human health since they can turn into pandemics and affect a large part of the population, especially for poor developing countries. In 2020, the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 is underway. Research is currently being carried out showing data that combines genetic and social information that can change our understanding of the dynamics of the epidemic.Objective: to describe data science-based technology tool called Nextstrain that allows epidemics to be visualized with data as up to date as possible using academic databases.Development: there are currently viral sequences from 57 countries on 6 continents. The common ancestor of the virus circulating in the world emerged in Wuhan, China, in late November or early December 2019, and from where it is supposed to have mutated towards humans, from bats and pangolins. Regarding monitoring, research work is already being carried out using this tool, such as in Taiwan, France, and Finland, which were able to determine where the SARS-CoV-2 strains that were causing outbreaks in their respective country originated. Besides, Nextstrain allows to freely share the phylogenetic analyzes of various authors from different countries and allows us to see the great work in the epidemiology of the virus.Conclusions: Nextstrain is a tool based on big data that gives us a better view of the worldwide epidemiology of pathogens of interest. Its use is based on bioinformatic tools and it shows us this information through a pleasant and understandable ecosystem

Estudio serotípico del virus del dengue y características clínicas en pacientes con enfermedad febril aguda

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and describe its clinical presentation in patients with acute febrile illness, January-June 2020, Peru. From a total of serum samples from health centers, the presence of DENV was studied using RT-PCR, NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on clinical symptoms. Within the evaluation of 496 patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) and suspected dengue were studied, consecutively between the months of January to June. Within the symptoms evaluated, 495 (99%) patients between women and men presented fever, and only 1 person did the opposite. The following symptoms were evaluated according to the incidence of cases: arthralgia present in 372 (75%) people; myalgia in 340 (68.5%), headaches in 341 (68.8%), eye pain in 321 (64.7%), low back pain in 303 (61.1%), extreme rash in 189 (38.1%) %) presenting incidence in adolescents, conjunctivitis symptoms in 92 (18.5%) and nausea in 185 (37.3%). The Dengue diagnosis demonstrated that the NS1 and the IgM anti-DENV have valid sensitivity and specificity.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de los serotipos del virus Dengue (DENV) y describir su presentación clínica en pacientes con enfermedad febril aguda, enero-junio del 2020, Perú. De un total de    muestras de suero de los centros de salud se estudió la presencia de DENV mediante RT-PCR, antígeno NS1 y anticuerpos IgM. Se usó un cuestionario estandarizado para recolectar la información de síntomas clínicos. Dentro de la evaluación de 496 pacientes con enfermedad febril aguda (AFI) y con dengue sospechosos se estudiaron, consecutivamente entre los meses de enero a junio. Dentro de los síntomas evaluados, 495 (99 %) pacientes entre mujeres y hombre presentaron fiebre y solo 1 persona lo contrario. Los siguientes síntomas fueron evaluados según la incidencia de casos: artralgias presentes en 372 (75 %) personas; mialgias en 340 (68,5 %), cefaleas en 341 (68,8 %), dolor ocular en 321 (64,7 %), dolor lumbar en 303 (61,1 %), rash extrema en 189 (38,1 %) presentando incidencia en adolescentes, cuadro de conjuntivitis en 92 (18,5 %) y náuseas en 185 (37,3 %). El diagnóstico de Dengue demostró que el NS1 y la IgM anti DENV tiene su sensibilidad y especifica válida

Overexpression of kynurenic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid after rat traumatic brain injury

[EN]Using an immunohistochemical technique, we have studied the distribution of kynuneric acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) in a rat brain injury model (trauma). The study was carried out inducing a cerebral ablation of the frontal motor cortex. Two mouse monoclonal specific antibodies previously developed by our group directed against KYNA and 3-HAA were used. In control animals (sham-operated), the expression of both KYNA and 3-HAA was not observed. In animals in which the ablation was performed, the highest number of immunoreactive cells containing KYNA or 3-HAA was observed in the region surrounding the lesion and the number of these cells decreased moving away from the lesion. KYNA and 3-HAA were also observed in the white matter (ipsilateral side) located close to the injured region and in some cells placed in the white matter of the contralateral side. The distribution of KYNA and 3-HAA perfectly matched with the peripheral injured regions. The results found were identical independently of the perfusion date of animals (17, 30 or 54 days after brain injury). For the first time, the presence of KYNA and 3-HAA has been described in a rat trauma model

Percepción y conocimiento sobre COVID-19: Una caracterización a través de encuestas

Objetive. To describe the perceptions and knowledge about COVID-19. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study, an online survey of 314 participants was conducted, the questionnaire consists of 9 multiple-choice questions, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The average age of the respondents was 26.9 years, the sample comprised more women 161 (51.3%) than men and almost 89% of the respondents belonged to undergraduate, the place of origin of the Covid-19 was well known 94.30%, for half of the respondents 159 (50.6%) it is not a zoonotic disease, concerning the COVID-19 prevention measures the majority of the respondents consider that handwashing is an of the main prevention measures. Conclusion: CAP studies are important for a better understanding of the perception and knowledge of COVID-19. The study revealed that respondents generally have some general knowledge about SARS-CoV-2.Objetivo. Describir las percepciones y conocimientos sobre COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, se realizó una encuesta online a 314 participantes, el cuestionario consta de 9 preguntas de respuesta múltiple, los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La edad promedio de los encuestados fue 26,9 años, la muestra comprendido más mujeres 161 (51,3%) que hombres y casi 89% de los encuestados pertenecían a pregrado, el lugar de origen del Covid-19 era bien conocido 94,30%, para la mitad de los encuestados 159 (50,6%) no se trata de una enfermedad zoonótica, con respecto a las medidas de prevención de COVID-19 la mayoría de los encuestados consideran que el lavado de manos es una de las principales medidas de prevención. Conclusión: Los estudios CAP son importantes para una mejor comprensión de la percepción y conocimiento de COVID-19. El estudio revelo que los encuestados generalmente tienen algún conocimiento general acerca de SARS-CoV-2

Circulating neutrophil counts and mortality in septic shock

Producción CientíficaPolynuclear neutrophils can play dual roles in sepsis: on the one hand they mediate major antimicrobial activities and on the other hand they can contribute to the development of multiple organ failure [1]. Nonetheless, in spite of the importance of these cells in sepsis, the influence of the circulating neutrophil count (CNC) on the prognosis of septic patients with this pathology has not been properly evaluated. We analyzed the association between CNC and outcome in two cohorts of patients with diagnostic criteria of septic shock (SS) [2]: the first was recruited in the context of a single center study (EXPRESS study, discovery cohort, n = 195; Table 1), and the second in the context of a multi-centric study (GRECIA study, validation cohort, n = 194; Table 2). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient or their legal representative. The two studies were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain (for the EXPRESS study) and Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain (coordinating center for the GRECIA study).Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant PI 10/01362)Junta de Castilla y León (grant BOCYL-D-26072010

Conductas sexuales de riesgo y pornografía en una población de adultos de Perú

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between pornography consumption and risk behaviors. Material and Methods: Sexual risk behaviors and pornography consumption were assessed. Snowball sampling had 245 participants, who agreed to participate voluntarily. Data were collected using a Google Forms questionnaire. Participants gave their informed consent after reading the description of the study, where the anonymity of the survey was indicated. Results: For the odds ratio analysis it was found that the highest odds of being HIV positive were associated with being LGBT, with not having the perception of pornography encouraging condomless sex. Individuals who consume pornography were associated with being LGBT and with not having the perception that the type of pornography they view influences their relationships. Higher odds of having had anal sex without a condom were associated with being LGBT, having a higher education, having a monthly salary higher than minimum wage, and having group sex. Future research is needed to further study the effects of pornography on the sex lives of those who consume it. Conclusion: LGBT participants were found to be at higher risk for HIV, condom non-use, pornography viewing, and casual sex. STIs were associated with higher education and having a steady partner.Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la relación entre el consumo de pornografía y los comportamientos de riesgo. Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron comportamientos sexuales de riesgo y el consumo de pornografía. Muestreo tipo bola de nieve, tuvo 245 participantes, los cuales accedieron participar voluntariamente. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario en Google Forms. Los participantes dieron su consentimiento informado después de leer la descripción del estudio, donde se indicó el anonimato de la encuesta. Resultados: Para el análisis de razón de probabilidades se encontró que las mayores probabilidades de ser positivos para VIH se asociaron con ser LGTB, con no tener la percepción de la pornografía fomentan el sexo sin condón. Los individuos que consuman pornografía se asociaron con ser LGBT y con no tener la percepción de que el tipo de pornografía que visualiza influye en sus relaciones. Las mayores probabilidades de haber tenido sexo anal sin condón se asociaron con ser LGTB, con tener una educación superior, con tener un salario mensual mayor al sueldo mínimo y con tener sexo en grupo. Es necesario investigaciones futuras que nos permitan estudiar más a fondo los efectos de la pornografía en la vida sexual de quienes la consumen. Conclusión: Se encontró que los participantes LGBT tienen mayor riesgo de tener VIH, no usar condón, ver pornografía y sexo casual. Las ITS se relacionaron con educación superior y tener pareja estable.

Prevalencia serológica de anticuerpos al SARS-CoV-2 en una prisión de la amazonia del Perú

Objectives: The objective of this research was to describe the prevalence of antibodies to COVID19 in a prison in Ucayali, Peru. Methods: 325 inmates were selected from the Penitentiary Centerin Pucallpa, Peru through simple random sampling. On 06/25/20 and 07/24/20, the fingerpuncture samples were taken from the inmates for COVID-19, the blood sample was obtainedfor the chemo-luminescent microparticle immunoassay tests. Descriptive statistics were usedfor data analysis with InfoStat software. Results: Of the 325 inmates evaluated, 80 were women(25%) and 245 men (75%), the mean age was 43 years (SD 12.44). Regarding the serologicalresults, 137 (42%) were found with positive IgG and 188 (58%) negative IgG. Regarding positiveIgM 145 (45%) and negative IgM 180 (55%). Regarding the distribution of positive cases by sex,we have 47 women and 141 men with a positive result for IgM or IgG. Conclusion: It is concludedthat there is a high number of inmates who have antibodies against COVID-19.Objetivos: El objetivo de esta investigación fue el de describir la prevalencia de anticuerpos para COVID-19 en una cárcel de Ucayali, Perú. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 325 reclusos del Centro penitenciario en Pucallpa, Perú mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Del 25/06/20 y el 24/07/20 se tomaron las muestras punción dactilar de los reclusos para COVID-19, se obtuvo la muestra de sangre para las pruebas de inmunoensayo de micropartículas quimio luminiscentes. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para en análisis de los datos con el software InfoStat. Resultados: De los 325 reclusos evaluados 80 eran mujeres (25%) y 245 varones (75%), la media de la edad fue de 43 años (DE 12,44). En cuantos a los resultados serológicos se encontraron a con IgG positivo a 137 (42%) e IgG negativo 188 (58%). En cuanto a IgM positivo 145 (45%) e IgM negativo 180 (55%). En cuanto a la distribución de casos positivos por sexo contamos con 47 mujeres y 141 varones con resultado positivo para IgM o IgG. Conclusión: Se concluye con que existe un elevado número de reclusos que tienen anticuerpos contra la COVID-19