Beet silage: chemical composition, fermentacion parameters and use of NIRS Technology as a tool to identify ensiled beet varieties

8 páginas, 2 figuras, 4 tablas.--Comunicación presentada a la 53ª Reunión Científica de la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de los Pastos (SEEP). "Pastos y PAC 2014-2020"[EN] The use of beet root for the purpose of feeding the dairy cattle could be constrained by the scarce knowledge about the characteristics of this feed after it has been ensiled. To investigate the feasibility of using the NIRS methodology to analyze the chemical composition of ensiled beets and to discriminate between beet varieties, roots of four beet varieties were ensiled (Sandrina KWS 1193, Tilly KWS 2733, Gerty KWS 2734 and Páramo 3359) using laboratory silos (600 ml of capacity). Although small differences (P<0.05) in chemical composition were found between treatments, the range of variation was narrow, especially for crude protein, which reached low and quite uniform values. The pH values were lower than 4 for all the varieties and the fermentation was mainly acetic. Whereas NIRS spectra of raw silages did not allow beet varieties discrimination or chemical composition prediction, spectra from dried and milled samples suggest that NIRS technology could be used as a tool for both purposes. NIRS spectra of silage juices could also be useful to establish beet variety.[ES] El empleo de raíces de remolacha en la alimentación del vacuno de leche se ve limitado por el escaso conocimiento acerca de las características de este alimento una vez ensilado. Para estudiar la composición química y los principales parámetros de fermentación de ensilados de remolacha y explorar la posibilidad de emplear la tecnología de espectroscopía de reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) para la estimación de los parámetros estudiados y para discriminar distintas variedades de remolacha, se ensilaron raíces de cuatro variedades de remolacha (Sandrina KWS 1193, Tilly KWS 2733, Gerty KWS 2734 y Páramo 3359) empleando micro-silos de 600 ml de capacidad. Se detectaron diferencias (P<0,05) entre variedades en todos los parámetros de composición química de los ensilados, aunque en el caso de la proteína sólo la variedad Tilly KWS 2733 presentó un contenido diferente (P<0,05) a los del resto de las variedades. El pH alcanzó valores menores que 4 para todas las variedades y la fermentación fue principalmente acética. Los espectros NIRS de las muestras de ensilado en fresco no permitieron ni discriminar entre las variedades ensiladas ni predecir la composición química. Sin embargo, los resultados con las muestras secas y molidas sí apuntan la posibilidad de emplear la tecnología NIRS con ambos fines. Los espectros NIRS de los jugos del ensilado también podrían resultar útiles para establecer la variedad de remolacha ensilada.Este trabajo se financió con el contrato asociado a proyecto CDTI titulado: Procesado y estudio de variedades de remolacha para su utilización en alimentación animal (código 100102120005). Organismo financiador: INDUSTRIAS DE NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL, S.L.Peer reviewe

Influence de l'administration directe d'enzymes fibrolytiques sur l'activité fibrolytique dans le rumen du mouton

6 pages, 3 tables.--Contributed to: 12th Seminar of the FAO-CIHEAM Sub-NetWork on Sheep and Goat Nutrition. "Nutritional and foraging ecology of sheep and goats"(Thessalonica, Grecia, Oct 11-13, 2007).Six rumen-fistulated Merino sheep were used in a crossover design experiment to evaluate the effects of a direct-fed exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (12 g/d; ENZ) on ruminal fermentation. The enzyme presented endoglucanase and xylanase activities. Sheep were fed a mixed grass hay:concentrate (70:30; fresh matter basis) diet at a daily rate of 60 g/kg body weight 0.75. Concentrations of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) and enzymatic activities were determined in ruminal samples at 0, 4 and 8 h after feeding. Samples of the grass hay were incubated in situ in the rumen of each sheep to measure dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradation. ENZ treatment did not affect (P>0.05) ruminal pH or concentrations of NH3-N and total VFA at any sampling time. In contrast, at 0 and 4 h after feeding, molar proportion of propionate tended (P<0.10) to be greater and acetate:propionate ratio tended (P<0.10) to be lower in ENZ-supplemented sheep. No effects of ENZ (P>0.10) were detected 8 h after feeding. Both the ruminally insoluble potentially degradable fraction (b) of grass hay DM and its fractional rate of degradation (c) were increased (P<0.05) by ENZ treatment. Supplementation with ENZ also increased (P=0.009 to 0.023) effective and potential degradability of grass hay DM and NDF. Ruminal fluid endoglucanase and xylanase activities were greater (P<0.05) at 4 h post-feeding in ENZ-supplementd sheep than in control animals. ENZ supplementation did not affecf (P=0.151 to 0,815) either exoglucanase or amylase activity at any sampling time.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support received from the M.C.Y.T. of Spain (Proyect AGL2001-0130) and Junta de Castilla y León (LE040A05). L. A. Giraldo gratefully acknowledges receipt of a grant from the Fundación Carolina.Peer reviewe

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma presenting as recurrent adhesion obstruction in general surgery: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a well-described entity in many reports in the literature in which it has been associated with asbestosis. However, there is no information describing the gross appearance and cardinal features seen during laparotomy, hence it is easy for the unwary surgeon to miss the diagnosis of this rare condition.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 49-year-old man of African descent presented to our hospital with a three-month history of weight loss, anorexia, abdominal distension, and general signs of cachexia and ascites on second presentation. At first presentation one year prior to this, he had undergone a laparotomy at our institution by a different team for intestinal obstruction secondary to adhesions with no biopsy taken. The patient's condition subsequently progressively deteriorated, and investigations including upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopies and computed tomography of the abdomen were inconclusive, except for some free fluid in the peritoneal cavity and diffuse, mild thickening of the gut wall and mesentery. A second-look exploratory laparotomy revealed widespread nodular thickening of the visceral peritoneum with a striking, uniformly diffuse, erythematous, and velvety appearance. The peritoneal biopsy histology showed that the patient had malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. His condition deteriorated rapidly, and he died eight weeks after surgery.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our report aims to increase the diagnosing clinician's awareness of the cardinal features of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and thus reduce diagnostic errors and delays in treatment.</p

Evolution of the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Spain between March and November 2020: SEMI-COVID national registry

Objectives: Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID- 19 Registry from March to November 2020. Results: CTs were used in 6053 (36.21%) of the included patients. The patients were older (mean (SD)) (69.6 (14.6) vs. 66.0 (16.8) years; p < 0.001), with hypertension (57.0% vs. 47.7%; p < 0.001), obesity (26.4% vs. 19.3%; p < 0.0001), and multimorbidity prevalence (20.6% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.001). These patients had higher values (mean (95% CI)) of C-reactive protein (CRP) (86 (32.7-160) vs. 49.3 (16-109) mg/dL; p < 0.001), ferritin (791 (393-1534) vs. 470 (236- 996) µg/dL; p < 0.001), D dimer (750 (430-1400) vs. 617 (345-1180) µg/dL; p < 0.001), and lower Sp02/Fi02 (266 (91.1) vs. 301 (101); p < 0.001). Since June 2020, there was an increment in the use of CTs (March vs. September; p < 0.001). Overall, 20% did not receive steroids, and 40% received less than 200 mg accumulated prednisone equivalent dose (APED). Severe patients are treated with higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%. Conclusions: Patients with greater comorbidity, severity, and inflammatory markers were those treated with CTs. In severe patients, there is a trend towards the use of higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%

Ag containing polydopamine coating on a melt-derived bioactive glass-ceramic: Effect on surface reactivity

We have synthesized a silicate bioactive glass-ceramic (BGC1) in the system SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5-K2O-MgO-CaF2 which was used to fabricate pellets by powder compaction and sintering. The surface of BGC1 pellets was coated with polydopamine by using a simple immersion method. Silver nanoparticles were then deposited onto the surface of polydopamine modified pellets in order to confer antibacterial properties. The biomineralization ability was tested by soaking the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). Results showed the successful deposition of both polydopamine and silver nanoparticles on the bioactive glass-ceramic surface. In addition, the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer (HA) on the surface of the samples after soaking them in SBF was confirmed. The kinetics of HA formation was minimally reduced by the presence of polydopamine

Digestibility and ruminal fermentation of diets differing in forage type and forage to concentrate ratio in sheep and goats

7 páginas, 3 tablas.Ramos S., Molina Alcaide E., Cantalapiedra-Híjar G., Yáñez Ruiz D.R., Tejido M.L., Carro M.D. Digestibility and ruminal fermentation of diets differing in forage type and forage to concentrate ratio in sheep and goats. In : Ranilla M.J. (ed.), Carro M.D. (ed.), Ben Salem H. (ed.), Morand-Fehr P. (ed.). Challenging strategies to promote the sheep and goat sector in the current global context. Zaragoza : CIHEAM / CSIC / Universidad de León / FAO, 2011. p. 41-46. (Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 99). 13. International Seminar of the Sub-Network on Nutrition of the FAO-CIHEAM Inter-Regional Cooperative Research and Development Network on Sheep and Goats, 2009/10/14-16, León (Spain). http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a99/00801534.pdfThe aim of this work was to compare digestibility and ruminal fermentation variables in sheep and goats fed good-quality diets at similar levels of intake. The four experimental diets had forage:concentrate ratios of 70:30 (H) or 30:70 (L) and either alfalfa hay (A) or grass hay (G) as forage. Four Granadina goats and 4 Merino sheep fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Animals were fed the diets at a daily rate of 56 g dry matter (DM)/kg body weight0.75 to minimise feed selection. Intake of neutral- detergent fibre (NDF; g/kg body weight0.75) was lower in goats compared to sheep for HA, LA and HG diets (P=0.02, 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). No differences between AS were found in either DM (P =0.28) or NDF digestibility (P=0.23), but crude protein digestibility of HA and LG diets was 4.9 and 12.1 percent greater in goats than in sheep. Ruminal pH and proportions of propionate and isoacids were similar (P>0.05) in both animal species, but VFA concentrations in ruminal fluid were greater (P0.05) were found with L diets. Total protozoa numbers were 5.8 and 3.7 percent greater in goats than in sheep for LA and LG diets, respectively, but no differences (P=0.10) were found in the proportion of Holotricha. The results indicate that both AS can show similar digestive capacities when they are fed good-quality diets at a restricted level of intake, in spite of subtle differences in ruminal fermentation.Peer Reviewe

Comparison of sheep and red deer rumen fluids for assessing nutritive value of ruminant feedstuffs

8 pages, 4 tables.--Available Online Aug 2005.Four forages (alfalfa hay, barley straw, maize silage and beet pulp), four cereal grains (barley, maize, sorghum and wheat) and four shrubs (Calluna vulgaris, Erica australis, Cytisus cantabricus and Genista occidentalis) were incubated using rumen fluids from sheep and red deer, to examine differences in in vitro fermentation rates and ruminal parameters. For the forages and cereal grains, results suggest few differences between species in parameters related to gas production, rates of fermentation, organic matter disappearance and extent of degradation. Deer showed slightly better results for shrubs than sheep did. Disappearance of neutral detergent fibre was generally greater when the rumen fluid was derived from red deer (P < 0.05). On the other hand, ammonia-N concentration and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were higher in sheep (P < 0.05). Molar proportions of the major VFAs showed significant differences (P < 0.05) associated with the species of the inoculum donor and suggest that fermentation pathways might have been more efficient in red deer. The estimated amount of methane was higher in sheep, regardless of the substrate incubated (P < 0.001). The results indicate that although the sheep could be valid as a model to assess the nutritive value of good quality feedstuffs for red deer, it would fail to offer reliable information on non-conventional, low-quality feeds such as shrubs.G. Hervás acknowledges receipt of a research contract from the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC, Spain) supported by the European Social Fund.Peer reviewe