DataSheet1_Solids, colloids, and the hydrolysis of tetravalent uranium in chloride media.doc

Understanding of the properties of dissolution and precipitation of Uranium under reducing geochemical conditions is important in radioactive waste management and assessments of natural uranium deposits. The mechanism of forming UO2+y from U(VI) and U(IV) containing aqueous solution (1 M NaCl) and the solubilities of the precipitates were studied under well-controlled reducing conditions as a function of pH, particle size, and supersaturation. The results show that tetramer and colloid formation are critical initial steps. Precipitation is not growth-controlled but appears to be nucleation-controlled, with critical nuclei dimensions of one unit cell of UO2. The precipitates were always crystalline, and amorphous UO2 was not observed.</p

Table1_Solids, colloids, and the hydrolysis of tetravalent uranium in chloride media.DOC

Understanding of the properties of dissolution and precipitation of Uranium under reducing geochemical conditions is important in radioactive waste management and assessments of natural uranium deposits. The mechanism of forming UO2+y from U(VI) and U(IV) containing aqueous solution (1 M NaCl) and the solubilities of the precipitates were studied under well-controlled reducing conditions as a function of pH, particle size, and supersaturation. The results show that tetramer and colloid formation are critical initial steps. Precipitation is not growth-controlled but appears to be nucleation-controlled, with critical nuclei dimensions of one unit cell of UO2. The precipitates were always crystalline, and amorphous UO2 was not observed.</p

Oppold et al. 2015_Figure 3_toxicity data

Raw data and statistics of imidacloprid insecticide sensitivity of Aedes albopictus

Envisat MIPAS measurements of CFC-11 : Retrieval, validation, and climatology

From July 2002 to March 2004 the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European Space Agency's Environmental Satellite (Envisat) measured nearly continuously mid infrared limb radiance spectra. These measurements are utilised to retrieve the global distribution of the chlorofluorocarbon CFC-11 by applying a new fast forward model for Envisat MIPAS and an accompanying optimal estimation retrieval processor. A detailed analysis shows that the total retrieval errors of the individual CFC-11 volume mixing ratios are typically below 10% in the altitude range 10 to 25 km and that the systematic components dominate. Contribution of a priori information to the retrieval results are less than 5 to 10% and the vertical resolution of the observations is about 3 to 4 km in the same vertical range. The data are successfully validated by comparison with several other space experiments, an air-borne in-situ instrument, measurements from ground-based networks, and independent Envisat MIPAS analyses. The retrieval results from 425 000 Envisat MIPAS limb scans are compiled to provide a new climatological data set of CFC-11. The climatology shows significantly lower CFC-11 abundances in the lower stratosphere compared with the Reference Atmospheres for MIPAS (RAMstan V3.1) climatology. Depending on the atmospheric conditions the differences between the climatologies are up to 30 to 110 ppt (45 to 150%) at 19 to 27 km altitude. Additionally, time series of CFC-11 mean abundance and variability for five latitudinal bands are presented. The observed CFC-11 distributions can be explained by the residual mean circulation and large-scale eddy-transports in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The new CFC-11 data set is well suited for further scientific studies