6,228 research outputs found
Asteroid flux and impact cratering rate on Venus
By the end of 1990, 65 Venus-crossing asteroids were recognized; these represent 59 percent of the known Earth-crossing asteroids. Further studies, chiefly numerical integrations of orbit evolution, may reveal one or two more Venus crossers among the set of discovered asteroids. A Venus crosser was defined as an asteroid whose orbit can intersect the orbit of Venus as a result of secular (long range) perturbations. Venus crossers revolving on orbits that currently overlap the orbit of Venus are called Venapol asteroids, and those on orbit that don't overlap are called Venamor asteroids; 42 Venapols and 23 Venamors were recognized. Collision probabilities with Venus for 60 of the known Venus crossers were determined
Astrophage of neutron stars from supersymmetric dark matter Q-balls
The gauge-mediated model of supersymmetry breaking implies that stable
non-topological solitons, Q-balls, could form in the early universe and
comprise the dark matter. It is shown that the inclusion of the effects from
gravity-mediation set an upper limit on the size of Q-balls. When in a dense
baryonic environment Q-balls grow until reaching this limiting size at which
point they fragment into two equal-sized Q-balls. This Q-splitting process will
rapidly destroy a neutron star that absorbs even one Q-ball. The new limits on
Q-ball dark matter require an ultralight gravitino m_3/2 < keV, naturally
avoiding the gravitino overclosure problem, and providing the MSSM with a dark
matter candidate where gravitino dark matter is not viable.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Published in Phys. Rev. D. Rapid Communication
Porosity through reduction in metal oxides
Routes to porous materials with nanoscale dimensions have been investigated. In the first example presented, porous manganese oxide has been prepared by leaching Ni metal from a nickel-manganese oxide precursor via reduction. Electron microscopy studies have revealed the presence of Ni nanoparticles on the surface, and also embedded within the porous MnO matrix. Magnetic measurements have shown exchange bias between the ferromagnetic Ni nanoparticles
and the antiferromagnetic MnO phase. In the second system studied, porous nanostructures of rutile VO2 and corundum V2O3 have been prepared by reduction of amine-templated V2O5-δ nanoscrolls. The porosity of these materials has been probed by electron microscopy, N2 sorption measurements and thermogravimetric analysis
Study of flight management requirements during SST low visibility approach and landing operations Final summary report
Flight management operational problems and task requirements for low visibility approach and landing of supersonic transport
Study of flight management requirements during SST low visibility approach and landing operations. Volume 2 - Delineation of potential problems in supporting the performance of flight management tasks
Potential flight management problems during low visibility landing of supersonic transport
Precession during merger 1: Strong polarization changes are observationally accessible features of strong-field gravity during binary black hole merger
The short gravitational wave signal from the merger of compact binaries
encodes a surprising amount of information about the strong-field dynamics of
merger into frequencies accessible to ground-based interferometers. In this
paper we describe a previously-unknown "precession" of the peak emission
direction with time, both before and after the merger, about the total angular
momentum direction. We demonstrate the gravitational wave polarization encodes
the orientation of this direction to the line of sight. We argue the effects of
polarization can be estimated nonparametrically, directly from the
gravitational wave signal as seen along one line of sight, as a slowly-varying
feature on top of a rapidly-varying carrier. After merger, our results can be
interpreted as a coherent excitation of quasinormal modes of different angular
orders, a superposition which naturally "precesses" and modulates the
line-of-sight amplitude. Recent analytic calculations have arrived at a similar
geometric interpretation. We suspect the line-of-sight polarization content
will be a convenient observable with which to define new high-precision tests
of general relativity using gravitational waves. Additionally, as the nonlinear
merger process seeds the initial coherent perturbation, we speculate the
amplitude of this effect provides a new probe of the strong-field dynamics
during merger. To demonstrate the ubiquity of the effects we describe, we
summarize the post-merger evolution of 104 generic precessing binary mergers.
Finally, we provide estimates for the detectable impacts of precession on the
waveforms from high-mass sources. These expressions may identify new precessing
binary parameters whose waveforms are dissimilar from the existing sample.Comment: 11 figures; v2 includes response to referee suggestion
Chemical fractionation of siderophile elements in impactites from Australian meteorite craters
The abundance pattern of siderophile elements in terrestrial and lunar impact melt rocks was used extensively to infer the nature of the impacting projectiles. An implicit assumption made is that the siderophile abundance ratios of the projectiles are approximately preserved during mixing of the projectile constituents with the impact melts. As this mixture occurs during flow of strongly shocked materials at high temperatures, however there are grounds for suspecting that the underlying assumption is not always valid. In particular, fractionation of the melted and partly vaporized material of the projectile might be expected because of differences in volatility, solubility in silicate melts, and other characteristics of the constituent elements. Impactites from craters with associated meteorites offer special opportunities to test the assumptions on which projectile identifications are based and to study chemical fractionation that occurred during the impact process
Understanding the Criminal: Record-Keeping, Statistics, and the Early History of Criminology in England, 1780-1860
This article seeks to understand why detailed personal information about accused criminals and convicts was collected from the late eighteenth century in England, and why some of this information was converted into statistics from the 1820s, such that by 1860 extensive information about criminals’ physical characteristics and backgrounds was regularly collected. Record-keeping was mostly driven by local initiatives and imperatives, revealing the development of a grass-roots information-gathering culture, with limited government direction. Similarly, the government was a slow and reluctant participant in the collection of statistics, often yielding to external pressures. Ultimately, the substantial amount of information recorded reveals a strong and widely-held desire to understand the criminal, long before the self-conscious enterprise of ‘criminology’ was invented
Intrinsic selection biases of ground-based gravitational wave searches for high-mass BH-BH mergers
The next generation of ground-based gravitational wave detectors may detect a
few mergers of comparable-mass M\simeq 100-1000 Msun ("intermediate-mass'', or
IMBH) spinning black holes. Black hole spin is known to have a significant
impact on the orbit, merger signal, and post-merger ringdown of any binary with
non-negligible spin. In particular, the detection volume for spinning binaries
depends significantly on the component black hole spins. We provide a fit to
the single-detector and isotropic-network detection volume versus (total) mass
and arbitrary spin for equal-mass binaries. Our analysis assumes matched
filtering to all significant available waveform power (up to l=6 available for
fitting, but only l<= 4 significant) estimated by an array of 64 numerical
simulations with component spins as large as S_{1,2}/M^2 <= 0.8. We provide a
spin-dependent estimate of our uncertainty, up to S_{1,2}/M^2 <= 1. For the
initial (advanced) LIGO detector, our fits are reliable for
(). In the online version of this
article, we also provide fits assuming incomplete information, such as the
neglect of higher-order harmonics. We briefly discuss how a strong selection
bias towards aligned spins influences the interpretation of future
gravitational wave detections of IMBH-IMBH mergers.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, accepted by PRD. v2 is version accepted for
publication, including minor changes in response to referee feedback and
updated citation
Criminal Law - Power of Court to Impose Particular Kinds of Punishment - Trial Court Had Power to Order Defendant to Make Restitutions to Survivors of Auto Accident to Compensate Them for Their Injuries
- …