La Vía de la Plata y sus puentes. Patrimonio arquitectónico y paisajístico olvidado de Extremadura

La metodología que se ha seguido para la elaboración de este trabajo se basa en la lectura y comprensión de un gran número de libros y artículos para la posterior redacción del texto como cuerpo general de la investigación. Por otra parte, se ha recopilado y/o elaborado, aunque en menor medida, una documentación gráfica y fotográfica que servirá de apoyo al texto. Entre los objetivos de la investigación se encuentran, en primer lugar, establecer un primer acercamiento al arte y a la arquitectura romana, conociendo su origen y las influencias asimiladas de otras arquitecturas. En segundo lugar, profundizar en las técnicas constructivas romanas que permitieron la realización de grandes obras de ingeniería como es el caso de calzadas y puentes. En tercer lugar, entender el contexto histórico y la evolución de la península ibérica en época romana para después poder comprender el momento en que se consolida la Vía de la Plata y el momento en que se lleva a cabo la construcción de los puentes en torno a ella. Fue necesario también entender el lugar, la topografía, el territorio, y la relación que establecen con los elementos arquitectónicos.Universidad de Granada. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura. Grado en Arquitectur

Aplicación del ciclo PHVA para mejorar la productividad en la fabricación de pernos en Industrias Mendoza S.R.L, Callao - 2019

El presente proyecto comprende la Aplicación del ciclo PHVA para mejorar la productividad en la fabricación de pernos en Industrias Mendoza S.R.L, el objetivo principal del proyecto es mejorar el proceso de producción en base a la productividad, el cual comprende la medición de dos indicadores: eficiencia y eficacia; para llevar a cabo esta aplicación de mejora se empleó la metodología del Ciclo Deming. Mediante este proyecto de investigación se está aplicando una de las teorías más comunes para mejorar la productividad dentro de un proceso de fabricación, consideramos tener óptimos resultados ya que dentro de la organización se presentan muchos reclamos de demora. La presente investigación es un estudio aplicado ya que utiliza las definiciones del ciclo PHVA a través de sus etapas de esta manera poder cumplir con los objetivos propuestos. A la vez es un estudio Pre-Experimental ya que se evalúan resultados antes y después de la aplicación. Finalmente, se consiguió una crecida de la productividad de 21%, así como la eficiencia en 9% y la eficacia en 19% El resultado del análisis inferencial de la variable dependiente, productividad, se demostró con una prueba paramétrica T-Student, donde se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta la alterna

Estudio del diseño de una red de beacons bluetooth para un campus universitario

El presente trabajo de investigación consiste en el estudio del diseño de una red de beacons Bluetooth para un campus universitario. En concreto, el lugar del estudio a considerarse será la PUCP. El marco problemático en el que se desarrolla este trabajo de investigación contempla cómo la PUCP es un espacio donde toda la comunidad universitaria puede gozar de servicios y oportunidades, sin embargo, la forma en que se comunica esta información no permite que las personas se enteren de estos sucesos. La investigación realizada analiza cuál sería la mejor solución de tecnología para transmitir información de forma instantánea, ligada a los lugares donde se encuentran las personas, además de qué cómo hacerla llegar a los usuarios. Algunas alternativas propuestas para la transmisión son los RFID, NFC, WiFi y los beacons; de los cuales los criterios para la elección de la tecnología óptima fueron: consumo, tasa de transferencia y compatibilidad con dispositivos móviles. El estudio finalmente propone un modelo de solución que considera la utilización de beacons (dispositivos que trabajan con Bluetooth Low Energy) que transmitirían mensajes dependiendo de su ubicación, y que serían escaneados gracias a una aplicación móvil.Trabajo de investigació

The Arbitrability of Corruption: Is it Possible to Apply "Clean Hands Doctrine" in Arbitration in Public Procurement?

El arbitraje se caracteriza por ser un mecanismo imparcial, eficaz y sobre todo, transparente, motivo por el cual entidades privadas y estatales se abocan al mismo con la finalidad de resolver sus controversias patrimoniales. No obstante, existe un sector de la doctrina que sostiene que, cuando la materia a arbitrar provenga de relaciones jurídicas revestidas de corrupción, el tribunal arbitral debería declarar la inarbitrabilidad de la materia, pues se estaría vulnerando el orden público.El presente trabajo abordará la incidencia de la denominada «Clean Hands Doctrine» en determinadas ramas del Derecho, sus orígenes en los sistemas jurídicos del mundo, su relación con otras figuras jurídicas en las cuales se sustenta, y comentaremos tanto la jurisprudencia internacional al respecto, como la posible aplicación de esta doctrina al arbitraje en el contexto nacional, en materia de contrataciones con el Estado.The arbitration proceeding is characterized for being an efficient, impartial, and above all a transparent mechanism, wherefore various private and public entities have aimed to it in order to solve their patrimonial controversies. Nevertheless, there is a sector within the doctrine that maintains that, on the assumption that the matter to arbitrate comes from legal relationships marked by corruption, the arbitration court should declare the unarbitrability of the matter, since it would violate the public order.The present paper will broach the impact of the entitled «Clean Hands Doctrine» on certain Law branches, its origins on the worldwide legal systems, the relation of it with other legal entities on which it is based on, and we will discuss international legal precedents on the matter, as well as the possible application of this doctrine to arbitration proceedings on a local context and in public procurements matter

Avaliação sensorial e microbiológica de linguiça de frango frescal não curada com reduzido teor de gordura

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and the microbiological safety of uncured fresh chicken sausages with reduced fat content, considering the scientific evidence that correlated cancer and cardiovascular diseases to this diet. Two formulations of uncured fresh chicken sausage were processed using different concentrations of cochineal carmine pigment, rosemary extracts and synthetic antioxidants, which are used to give color, appearance and pleasant flavor to the products. Then, instrumental color (L*, a*, b*, C* and h*), microbial contamination and sensory tests (ranking and acceptance) were used to evaluate the quality of the uncured chicken sausages. The instrumental color (chroma and hue) and the sensory properties of the A and B uncured sausages were similar to the commercial cured sausage (C). However, the sensory color and appearance of samples A and B were statistically higher than those of the commercial uncured sausages D, which are prepared without the addition of nitrite or pigments. The results showed that it is possible to produce safe and high-quality uncured fresh chicken sausage with reduced fat content, using natural pigments and antioxidants.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aceitabilidade e a segurança microbiológica de linguiça de frango frescal não curada formulada com baixo teor de gordura, considerando as evidências científicas que correlacionam câncer e doenças cardiovasculares à dieta. Duas formulações de linguiça frescal de frango foram processadas, usando diferentes concentrações de carmim cochonilha, extrato de alecrim e antioxidantes sintéticos utilizados para dar cor, aparência e sabor agradáveis aos produtos. Então, a cor instrumental (L*, a*, b*, C* e h*), contaminação microbiana e testes sensoriais (ordenação-preferência e aceitação) foram utilizados para avaliar a qualidade das linguiças de frango não curadas. A cor instrumental (chroma e hue), as propriedades sensoriais das linguiças não curadas A e B foram similares ao da linguiça comercial curada (C). Porém, a cor sensorial e a aparência das amostras A e B foram estatisticamente superiores às das linguiças comerciais não curadas D, elaboradas sem a adição de nitrito ou pigmentos. Os resultados mostraram que é possível produzir linguiça de frango frescal não curada contendo reduzido teor de gordura com segurança e alta qualidade, utilizando pigmentos e antioxidantes naturais

A Multiplatform BIM-Integrated Construction Waste Quantification Model during Design Phase: the case of the Structural System in a Spanish Building

Construction waste (CW) is a prime contributor to the stream of total waste worldwide. One of the biggest challenges of the construction industry is to minimise CW and to develop practices of a more sustainable nature for its management and recycling in order to promote its transition towards a more effective circular economy. The implementation of these practices contributes towards mitigating the scarcity of natural resources and the environmental impact of CW. Thus, a preceding and essential step is the estimation of CW during building design, which will allow the adoption of measures for its early reduction and optimisation. For this purpose, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become a useful methodology to predict waste during the early stages of design. There remains, however, a lack of instrumental development. Therefore, this study proposes a BIM-based method to estimate CW during building design by integrating a consolidated construction waste quantification model in three different BIM platforms. For its validation, the method is applied to the structural system of a Spanish residential building. The results provide evidence that the proposed method is vendor-neutral and enables the automatic identification and quantification of the waste generated by each building element during the design stage in multiple BIM platforms

In the Era of mRNA Vaccines, Is There Any Hope for HIV Functional Cure?

Over 36 million people worldwide are infected with HIV. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proven to be highly effective to prevent HIV-1 transmission, clinical progression and death. Despite this success, the number of HIV-1 infected individuals continues increasing and ART should be taken for life. Therefore, there are two main priorities: the development of preventive vaccines to protect from HIV acquisition and achieve an efficient control of HIV infection in the absence of ART (functional cure). In this sense, in the last few years, there has been a broad interest in new and innovative approaches such as mRNA-based vaccines. RNA-based immunogens represent a promising alternative to conventional vaccines because of their high potency, capacity for rapid development and potential for low-cost manufacture and safe administration. Some mRNA-based vaccines platforms against infectious diseases have demonstrated encouraging results in animal models and humans. However, their application is still limited because the instability and inefficient in vivo delivery of mRNA. Immunogens, design, immunogenicity, chemical modifications on the molecule or the vaccine delivery methods are all crucial interventions for improvement. In this review we, will present the current knowledge and challenges in this research field. mRNA vaccines hold great promises as part of a combined strategy, for achieving HIV functional cure

Quantification of Construction Waste in Early Design Stages Using Bim-Based Tool

Construction and demolition waste represents a growing environmental, social, and economic problem, and has become a priority for European and worldwide policies. The early quantification of construction waste is essential for the minimisation of its production and the improvement of waste management. This requires the development of design-based tools that enable a better understanding of the expected waste produced during the construction phase. Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodologies have gained recognition in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sector, largely due to their capacity for data simulation, storage, and management during the building design phase. This study presents a software application, called WE-BIM Add-in, to quantify construction waste (CW) while designing the BIM model in Revit. A validated CW quantification model which enables waste types and quantities per building element to be predicted in detail according to the European List of Waste (LoW) is integrated into the Revit workflow. Design alternatives could be effortlessly simulated in real time to assist practitioners in decision-making during the early design stages. Two alternative structural systems of a Spanish residential building were compared: a reinforced concrete structure, Option 1 (O1), and a steel structure, Option 2 (O2). The results were obtained automatically: O2, in addition to reducing 56% of O1′s waste, would have increased the waste recycling rate by 49%; and displayed in Revit, thereby remaining consistent with those of other studies that compare prefabricated systems with in situ systems. This work provides a basis for future research into the automated estimation of construction waste in BIM which could become a useful tool in waste-prevention policies