Implementation of International Standards for Determining an Efficient Civil Law Remedy by a National Court

The article is devoted to studying the effectiveness of protection of violated, unrecognised or disputed rights, freedoms or interests of individuals, rights and interests of legal entities, the interests of the state in civil proceedings. The purpose of the article is to study how to implement international standards for determining an efficient civil law remedy by the court: (based on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and national case law). Clarification of the essence of novels of substantive and procedural law in determining the court's effective way to protect private law as the final judicial procedure of the right to judicial protection was by comparative law, methods of analysis, modelling and synthesis with the implementation of related elements of classical methods of protection and reception of the best acquisitions of legal systems of foreign countries, norms of the Convention of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (from now on – ECtHR). The dialectical method of cognition and the qualitative empirical method were also the main ones, by means of which the legal nature of the category "efficiency" and "determination by the court of an effective way of protection of private law and interest" were clarified. Keywords: Litigation, the remedy of private law, international standards, ECtHR, ECHR

Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on indicators of 24-hour arterial blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients with high additional risk

Significant prevalence of arterial hypertension (40 % of the adult population) and unsatisfactory level of high blood pressure adequate control (only 14 % of the urban and 8 % of the rural population in Ukraine) underlines the need to study the factors influencing AH course and contributing to a lack of antihypertensive therapy efficacy. One of such factors is subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Aim. To study Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on indicators of 24-hour arterial blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients with high additional risk. Materials and methods. After signing of written informed consent for the study, 124 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and 16 practically healthy people (control group) were involved. The main group included 32 AH patients (women 87.5 % (n = 28), men 12.5 % (n = 4)) with moderately elevated thyroid stimulating hormone level (TSH) (4.0–15.6 μD/ml) and normal levels of thyroid hormones. The comparison group consisted of 92 AH patients (women 81.52 % (n = 75), men 18.48 % (n = 17)) with normal levels of TSH (0.4–4.0 μD/ml). The groups of patients were matched for age (54.16 ± 10.16) years versus (57.69 ± 9.76) years, (P = 0.093), sex (P = 0.4319), height (P = 0.993), weight (P = 0.719), body surface area (P = 0.901), body mass index (P = 0.669). All patients underwent a combined 24-hour blood pressure monitoring and ECG using a “Cardiology-04-AD-3” device (St. Petersburg, RF). Results. AH patients with or without concomitant SH were of comparable mean daytime and nighttime indices of SBP and DPB, indicators of SBP and DBP variability, PBP, indices for hypertension and hypotension, circadian indices, indices of percentage SBP and DBP increases, SBP and DBP load (with the exception of daytime SBP load). Patients with AH and SH, in contrast to AH patients without SH, tended to have 8.5 % (P < 0.05) higher indices of daytime SBP load, and 19.3 % (P < 0.05) lower daytime DBP hypotension index. Conclusions. AH patients with or without concomitant SH are comparable by the vast majority of ABPM indicators. However, in AH patients with concomitant SH, unlike those without SH, a larger daytime SBP load and a lower daytime DBP hypotension index were detected

Bulk-boundary correspondence in three dimensional topological insulators

We discuss the relation between bulk topological invariants and the spectrum of surface states in three dimensional non-interacting topological insulators. By studying particular models, and considering general boundary conditions for the electron wavefunction on the crystal surface, we demonstrate that using experimental techniques that probe surface states, only strong topological and trivial insulating phases can be distinguished; the latter state being equivalent to a weak topological insulator. In a strong topological insulator, only the {\it parity} of the number of surface states, but not the number itself, is robust against time-reversal invariant boundary perturbations. Our results suggest a \z definition of the bulk-boundary correspondence, compatible with the \z classification of topological insulators.Comment: TeXLive (Unix), revtex4-1, 7 pages, 3 figure

Microstructure and mechanical properties of vanadium alloys after thermomechanical treatments

The results of investigation of dispersion strengthening effect on parameters of structural-phase states and characteristics of short-term strength and ductility of vanadium alloys of V–4Ti–4Cr, V–2.4Zr–0.25C, V–1.2Zr–8.8Cr and V–1.7Zr–4.2Cr–7.6W systems with different concentration of interstitial elements after optimized thermomechanical treatment mode were summarized. It was shown that for effective realization of dispersion strengthening by Orowan-type mechanism at least 25–50% of the initial volume fraction of coarse particles should be transformed into fine-disperse state and redistributed over the volume of material

Effect of year-round training on parameters of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical working capacity in short-distance swimmers

Dynamic examination of athletes is of great interest for sports medicine specialists, as it allows measuring changes in athletes’ functional state in parallel with increasing athletic performance in a one-year training cycle. The aim of the work is to assess dynamic changes in parameters of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical performance in short-distance swimmers during preparatory and competitive periods of the training process. Materials and methods. The swimmers (n = 94) qualified from the second-class sport qualification to Master of Sports of International Class were examined during the preparatory and competitive periods of the training process. Short ECG recordings of 5 minutes were used for the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis according to the International Standard. Results. In the preparatory period, the autonomic equilibrium index had a mean value of 3.104 ± 0.494 1/s2, and in the competitive period – 2.459 ± 0.248 1/s2 (P = 0.295). The initial distribution of athletes depending on the value of autonomic tone, according to the classification proposed by R. M. Bayevskiy, had the following ratio in the preparatory period: 75.0 % / 20.0 % / 5.0 %, vagotonic, normotonic and sympathotonic individuals, respectively, statistically significantly indicating the prevalence of athletes with vagotonia over normotonic individuals (P = 0.0005). In the competitive period, this ratio was 60.0 % / 40.0 % / 0 %. The central hemodynamic indices showed a downward trend as evidenced by a decrease in the cardiac index from 2.954 ± 0.126·l·min-1·m-2 to 2.862 ± 0.088 l‧min-1‧m-2 (Р = 0.510), although these values matched to the eukinetic circulatory type (CT) during both training periods. However, the ratio of hypokinetic, eukinetic and hyperkinetic CT in the preparatory period was 45.0 % / 45.0 % / 10 0 %, and in competitive period – 45.0 % / 55.0 % / 0 %, respectively. The mean value of physical working capacity (PWC170/kg) in the preparatory period was 15.54 ± 0.66 kgm·min-1·kg-1, and in the competitive period it was 18.09 ± 0.53 kgm·min-1·kg-1, making an increase of 16.41 % (Р = 0.0001). The functional state index (FSI) increased significantly by 25.08 % from 5.558 ± 0.322 r. u. to 6.952 ± 0.272 r. u. (Р = 0.00001). The correlation analysis during the preparatory period showed a significant positive correlation between Mo and PWC170/kg (r = 0.46, P = 0.040), ARI and CI (r = 0.50, P = 0.026), IARP and CI (r = 0.53, P = 0.017), stress-index and SI (r = 0.52, P = 0.019) and negative – between Mo and CI (r = -0.56, P = 0.009). In the competitive period, the general tendency of correlation interaction was remained, as evidenced by revealed positive relationships between Mo and FSI (r = 0.53, P = 0.017), ARI and SI (r = 0.51, P = 0.020). Conclusions. Short-distance swimmers in the competitive period had significantly higher level of physical working capacity (by 16.4 %), the functional state index (by 25.1 %), as well as parasympathetic tone of ANS in comparison with the preparatory period. The above-mentioned hemodynamic changes and autonomic balance indicators were associated with the increase in athletic performance: 4 (20 %) swimmers qualified for the title of Master of Sports of Ukraine, 2 (10 %) swimmers – for Candidate Master of Sports, and 2 (10 %) swimmers – for first-class sport qualification

Spatial and temporal changes in cumulative human impacts on the world's ocean

Human pressures on the ocean are thought to be increasing globally, yet we know little about their patterns of cumulative change, which pressures are most responsible for change, and which places are experiencing the greatest increases. Managers and policymakers require such information to make strategic decisions and monitor progress towards management objectives. Here we calculate and map recent change over 5 years in cumulative impacts to marine ecosystems globally from fishing, climate change, and ocean- and land-based stressors. Nearly 66% of the ocean and 77% of national jurisdictions show increased human impact, driven mostly by climate change pressures. Five percent of the ocean is heavily impacted with increasing pressures, requiring management attention. Ten percent has very low impact with decreasing pressures. Our results provide large-scale guidance about where to prioritize management efforts and affirm the importance of addressing climate change to maintain and improve the condition of marine ecosystems

The Impact of Additive Techologies on Contemporary Art and Design

В статье предлагается обзор аддитивных технологий, их воздействие на развитие современного искусства и дизайна. Исследование построено на анализе некоторых объектов, созданных с помощью передовых технологий. Выявлены положительные и отрицательные стороны 3D-печати.The article proposes the additive technologies, their impact on the development of contemporary art and design. The research is based on the analysis of some objects created with the advanced technologies. The positive and negative sides of 3D-printing have been revealed in the article

The using of quality indicators of Scots pine’s seeds for bioindication of anthropogenic pollution

The quality of Scots pine’s seeds (Pinus sylvestris L.) was analyzed in conditions of industrial emissions magnesite productionПроанализировано качество семян сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) в условиях промышленных выбросов магнезитового производств

Tunable unconventional Kondo effect on topological insulator surfaces

We study Kondo physics of a spin-12 impurity in electronic matter with strong spin-orbit interaction, which can be realized by depositing magnetic adatoms on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator. We show that magnetic properties of topological surface states and the very existence of Kondo screening strongly depend on details of the bulk material, and specifics of surface preparation encoded in time-reversal preserving boundary conditions for electronic wavefunctions. When this tunable Kondo effect occurs, the impurity spin is screened by purely orbital motion of surface electrons. This mechanism gives rise to a transverse magnetic response of the surface metal, and to spin textures that can be used to experimentally probe signatures of a Kondo resonance. Our predictions are particularly relevant for STM measurements in PbTe-class crystalline topological insulators, but we also discuss implications for other classes of topological materials