Tuwim and Witkacy: Visual Translation of 'Kalinowe dwory'

The article offers a comparative analysis of a lost painting by Witkacy (know only from a photographic reproduction) and a poem by Julian Tuwim. Tuwim’s poem inspired Witkacy to create his work. The poem is used by the author as a model for interpreting philosophical aspects of Witkacy’s painterly composition, offering a concluding remark that the visual translation of the poem reflects Witkacy’s aesthetic philosophy. The article also provides an new way of reading Tuwim’s poetry in which the painterly aspect of his writing is being particularly exposed.Zadanie „Stworzenie anglojęzycznych wersji wydawanych publikacji” finansowane w ramach umowy nr 948/P-DUN/2016 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę

A family of higher-order single layer plate models meeting Cz0C^0_z -- requirements for arbitrary laminates

In the framework of displacement-based equivalent single layer (ESL) plate theories for laminates, this paper presents a generic and automatic method to extend a basis higher-order shear deformation theory (polynomial, trigonometric, hyperbolic, ...) to a multilayer $C^0_z$ higher-order shear deformation theory. The key idea is to enhance the description of the cross-sectional warping: the odd high-order $C^1_z$ function of the basis model is replaced by one odd and one even high-order function and including the characteristic zig-zag behaviour by means of piecewise linear functions. In order to account for arbitrary lamination schemes, four such piecewise continuous functions are considered. The coefficients of these four warping functions are determined in such a manner that the interlaminar continuity as well as the homogeneity conditions at the plate's top and bottom surfaces are {\em a priori} exactly verified by the transverse shear stress field. These $C_z^0$ ESL models all have the same number of DOF as the original basis HSDT. Numerical assessments are presented by referring to a strong-form Navier-type solution for laminates with arbitrary stacking sequences as well for a sandwich plate. In all practically relevant configurations for which laminated plate models are usually applied, the results obtained in terms of deflection, fundamental frequency and local stress response show that the proposed zig-zag models give better results than the basis models they are issued from

Quantification of Anthocyanins and other Phenolics in Native Andean Potatoes

Potato is currently the fifth most important crop worldwide after sugar cane, maize, wheat and rice with a production of >321 million tones in 2007. Potato is notably recognized as a source of carbohydrates, high-quality proteins, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B3 and minerals such as potassium, phosphorous and magnesium. Besides these basic nutrients, some colored potato varieties contain significant amounts of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. The objective of this research was to identify potato varieties with increased phenolic content. This was achieved through quantification of total phenolics and anthocyanins in 20 varieties of native Andean potatoes provided by the International Potato Center (CIP). Potatoes of different colors (cream, yellow, pink, red and purple) were selected from different species: Solanum tuberosum, S. stenotonum, S. phureja, and S. caucha. Phenolics were extracted from lyophilized potatoes with 80% acidified acetone and fractionated with chloroform. Total phenolics were quantified as Gallic acid equivalents (GAE) using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Monomeric and polymeric anthocyanins were quantified using the pH differential and bisulfate methods, respectively. Phenolic composition was monitored by HPLC Potatoes showed high variability in total phenolic content ranging from 100 (S. stenotonum subsp. geniocalyx) to 480 mg of GAE/100g DW (S. tuberosum subsp. andigena). High anthocyanin content was found in selected colored potatoes, of up to 150 mg (S. stenotonum) of cyanidin-3-glucoside/100g DW. Potatoes of select varieties could represent new rich sources of polyphenolics with antioxidant and potential health promoting properties

Chemical order and crystallographic texture of FePd:Cu thin alloy films

FePd thin films have been recently considered as promising material for high-density magnetic storage devices. However, it is necessary to find a proper method of fabrication for the (001)-textured and chemically well-ordered alloy. In this paper, we present the detailed investigations of lattice parameters, chemical order degree, grain sizes and crystallographic texture, carried out on FePd alloys with 10 at.% of Cu addition. The initial [Cu(0.2 nm)/Fe(0.9 nm)/Pd(1.1 nm)]x5 multilayers were thermally evaporated in an ultra-high vacuum on MgO(100), Si(100), Si(111) and Si(100) covered by 100 nm thick layer of amorphous SiO2. In order to obtain homogeneous FePd:Cu alloy, the multilayers were annealed in two different ways. First, the samples were rapidly annealed in nitrogen atmosphere at 600oC for 90 seconds. Next, the long annealing in a high vacuum for 1 hour at 700oC was done. This paper focuses on quantitative investigations of the chemical order degree and crystallographic texture of ternary FePd:Cu alloys deposited on four different substrates. In order to obtain both quantities we have taken a novel approach to consider the problem of dopant atoms located in the FePd structure. The studies of the structure were done using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) performed with synchrotron radiation and pole figures measurements. We have found that the addition of Cu changes the FePd lattice parameters and lattice distortion. We have also shown, that using different substrates it is possible to obtain a FePd:Cu alloy with different chemical order and texture. Moreover, it was observed that texture category is substrate dependent

Investigating the transmissibility of tet(W) in bifidobacteria exposed to acid and bile stress

Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from probiotic bacteria to pathogens poses a safety concern. Orally administered probiotics are exposed to stressful conditions during gastrointestinal transit. In this study, filter mating experiments were performed to investigate the potential role of exposure of Bifidobacterium isolates to acid and bile stress on the transfer of a tetracycline resistance gene, tet(W), to Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299. No E. faecalis transconjugants were obtained after mating with either stressed or unstressed Bifidobacterium, thereby suggesting that tet(W) could not be transferred as a result of exposure to gastrointestinal stresses

Do tests measure what they are supposed to? On validity of listening comprehension tests

Trafność jest jednym z najważniejszych kryteriów poprawności testu. Jak stwierdza Bolesław Niemierko, trafność gwarantuje, że „zmierzono wszystko to i tylko to, co należało zmierzyć” (1999: 178), a więc test nie sprawdza ani za dużo, ani za mało. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie pojęcia trafności testu językowego zarówno z teoretycznej, jak i praktycznej perspektywy. Artykuł ma za zadanie odpowiedzieć na następujące pytania: Na czym polega trafność testu? Jak można rozpoznać, czy dany test sprawdzający rozumienie ze słuchu jest trafny? Jak wygląda realizacja kryterium trafności w praktyce, na przykładzie testowania umiejętności rozumienia ze słuchu na egzaminie maturalnym z języka niemieckiego?Validity is considered the most important criterion for the quality of a language test. As Bolesław Niemierko (1999: 179) states, validity guarantees that “everything and only what was supposed to be measured was measured”. The aim of this article is to present the validity notion from the theoretical as well as from the practical point of view. The paper should answer the following questions: What does test validity mean in practice? How can it be recognized that a listening comprehension test is valid? Do school leaving exams in German fulfill the validity criteria