In vitro propagation of Cordia verbenaceae L. (Boraginaceae).

Clonal propagation by tissue culture is useful to regenerate large populations of plants with similar characteristics. There are no previous reports of micropropagation of Cordia verbenacea. In this study, in vitro techniques were applied multiply this important Brazilian medicinal plant. Apical and nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid (0,6%) medium (MS) supplemented with 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 µM kinetin and 0.01µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Segments apical yielded more propagules than nodal segments. The number and length of propagules increased with in kinetin levels at 5 µM kinetin, decrease with more concentration. The treatment containing 5 µM kinetin and 0.01µM NAA yielded 2.7 propagules per explant. Propagules rooted on MS medium without growth regulators. Finally, 90-95% of the micropropagated plants survived when transferred to greenhouse conditions

Characterization of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars from northern Portugal using RAPD and microsatellite markers

Twelve grapevine cultivars from northern Portugal were characterized with RAPD and microsatellites. Nine primers were used in the RAPD analysis; 8 of the varieties showed monotypic patterns. With the 6 microsatellite loci a total of 38 alleles was obtained. Relationships among the studied varieties were observed. Both types of molecular markers have proved useful for identification. Existence of synonymies is discussed.

Origin of central abundances in the hot intra-cluster medium - I. Individual and average abundance ratios from XMM-Newton EPIC

The hot intra-cluster medium (ICM) is rich in metals, which are synthesized by supernovae (SNe) explosions and accumulate over time into the deep gravitational potential well of clusters of galaxies. Since most of the elements visible in X-rays are formed by type Ia (SNIa) and/or core-collapse (SNcc) supernovae, measuring their abundances gives us direct information on the nucleosynthesis products of billions of SNe since the epoch of the star formation peak (z ~ 2-3). In this study, we use the EPIC and RGS instruments onboard XMM-Newton to measure the abundances of 9 elements (O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe and Ni) from a sample of 44 nearby cool-core galaxy clusters, groups, and elliptical galaxies. We find that the Fe abundance shows a large scatter (~20-40%) over the sample, within 0.2$r_{500}$ and, especially, 0.05$r_{500}$. Unlike the absolute Fe abundance, the abundance ratios (X/Fe) are quite uniform over the considered temperature range (~0.6-8 keV), and with a limited scatter. In addition to a unprecedented treatment of systematic uncertainties, we provide the most accurate abundance ratios measured so far in the ICM, including Cr/Fe and Mn/Fe that we firmly detect (>4{\sigma} with MOS and pn independently). We find that Cr/Fe, Mn/Fe and Ni/Fe, differ significantly from the proto-solar values. However, the large uncertainties in the proto-solar abundances prevent us from making a robust comparison between the local and the intra-cluster chemical enrichments. We also note that, interestingly, and despite the large net exposure time (~4.5 Ms) of our dataset, no line emission feature is seen around ~3.5 keV.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPRINT RUN AND STRENGTH PARAMETERS IN YOUNG ATHLETES AND NON-ATHLETES

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the sprint run and strength tests, which measure the capability to produce force in isometric, pure concentric and stretch shortening cycle muscular actions. The seventy two subjects were assessed for six tests 60m sprint run, to evaluate the speed, and isometric leg-press, squat jump, countermovement jump, drop jump, and 5 horizontal jumps, to evaluate strength parameters. The 5 jumps, was the most important predictor of the 60m sprint time, maybe because of is cyclic and horizontal characteristics (more similar to the specific movement of sprint run). We suppose that the reason for results do not explain different relationship between tests and sprint performance, in young athletes can be find in multifactorial characteristics of sprinting performance and the characteristics of the subjects, youngest have reduced training adaptation

Cultura de tecidos: (manual).

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Fenologia e análise fitoquímica de plantas medicinais de ocorrência na Amazônia.

A determinação da fenologia das plantas medicinais é de fundamental importância para a obtenção de extratos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e caracterizar fitoquimicamente espécies medicinais de ocorrência na Amazônia, provenientes de coleções e bancos de germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental no período de agosto de 2000 a julho de 2003, visando o uso e manejo correto das espécies. No processo de avaliação das plantas medicinais foram consideradas época de floração e frutificação. A abordagem fitoquímica foi realizada através de screening fitoquímico com as espécies Adenocalymna alliaceum, Cecropa obtusa, Eugenia uniflora e Peperomia pellucida, identificando os principais grupos de compostos orgânicos. No processo de identificação das 255 espécies existentes no horto da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, dentre as 54 famílias existentes, 160 espécies foram identificadas. A maior concentração de espécies que floraram ocorreu nos meses de abril e maio, enquanto que a de menor ocorreu no mês de outubro. O período de maior frutificação ocorreu em maio e novembro, enquanto que o de menor ocorreu em março e agosto. Os resultados da análise fitoquímica revelaram a presença de açúcares redutores, proteínas e aminoácidos, saponina espumídica e taninos em todas as espécies analisadas

Genetic diversity in a jaborandi ( Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf.) germplasm bank assessed by RAPD markers.

Diversidade genética em banco de germoplasma de jaborandi ( Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf .) por meio de marcadores RAPD. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a presença de variabilidade genética no banco de germoplasma de P. microphyllus da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental por meio de marcadores RAPD. Foi extraído o DNA de 93 indivíduos, pertencentes a 12 áreas de coleta presentes no banco de germoplasma. Foram construídos dendrogramas entre indivíduos e entre áreas de coleta, usando os coeficientes de similaridade de Nei & Li por meio do programa NTSYS-pc. Para verificar a distribuição da variabilidade, foi realizada a análise de variância molecular (AMOVA), sendo obtidas as variâncias entre e dentro de áreas de coleta. Foi usado o índice de diversidade de Shannon, para medir a diversidade de cada área. Foi verificada uma boa amplitude de similaridades entre os indivíduos, sendo que o dendrograma não agrupou por completo os indivíduos de acordo com sua origem. A AMOVA obteve 24,16% de variação entre áreas e 75,84% dentro de áreas