La réconciliation des irréconciliables : la Convention des Nations Unies sur les lettres de change internationales et les billets à ordre internationaux

Les disparités entre les différents droits nationaux remettent en question la protection cambiaire traditionnellement reconnue au porteur d'un titre négociable lors de transactions internationales, d'où le besoin d'unifier les différentes lois relatives aux effets de commerce. La présente étude compare les législations de common law et de droit civil relatives aux effets de commerce avec les nouvelles règles proposées par la Convention des Nations Unies sur les lettres de change internationales et les billets à ordre internationaux. L'auteur tente de démontrer que le compromis réalisé par la nouvelle convention est acceptable pour les praticiens de chacun des systèmes et que celle-ci est conforme aux besoins reliés à la pratique du paiement et du financement international.Disparities between differing national legal systems are calling into question the traditional exchange protection afforded to holders of negotiable securities in international transactions ; hence, the need for harmonizing these different legislations with regard to commercial papers. This study compares common law and civil law legislations pertaining to commercial papers in the light of new rules set forth in the United Nations Convention on International Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes. The author attempts to demonstrate that the compromise proposed by the new convention is acceptable for practitioners in each system and that it answers the needs found in payment practices and international finances

Les grands chantiers parisiens : quelle place pour les bibliothèques ?

Au programme de cette journée, organisée par le Groupe Paris en novembre 2001, Monique Pinault, chef du bureau des bibliothèques et du livre de la Direction des affaires culturelles de la Ville de Paris, faisait un état de lieux des équipements de la capitale

Pudenda Vedica

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Groundwater flooding within an urbanised flood plain

In Europe in recent years, there has been recognition of the need to better understand the risk from groundwater flooding. This recognition has been due both to the occurrence of major flooding events clearly attributable to groundwater and the inclusion of groundwater flooding in European and national legislation. The case study of the city of Oxford on the River Thames flood plain in UK is used to examine the mechanisms for groundwater flooding in urbanised flood plain settings. Reference is made to an extensive data set gathered during a major flood event in 2007. Groundwater flooding of a significant number of properties is shown to occur in areas isolated from fluvial flooding because of high ground created historically to protect property and the transport network from flood inundation. The options for mitigating this form of flooding are discussed; measures to increase the rate of conveyance of flood waters through Oxford, designed to reduce fluvial flood risk, have also been recognised as a means for reducing groundwater flood risk within the city

Cyclic Proofs and Jumping Automata

We consider a fragment of a cyclic sequent proof system for Kleene algebra, and we see it as a computational device for recognising languages of words. The starting proof system is linear and we show that it captures precisely the regular languages. When adding the standard contraction rule, the expressivity raises significantly; we characterise the corresponding class of languages using a new notion of multi-head finite automata, where heads can jump

Larval Habitat Associations with Human Land Uses, Roads, Rivers, and Land Cover for Anopheles albimanus, A. pseudopunctipennis, and A. punctimacula (Diptera: Culicidae) in Coastal and Highland Ecuador

Larval habitat for three highland Anopheles species: Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald, and Anopheles punctimacula Dyar and Knab was related to human land uses, rivers, roads, and remotely sensed land cover classifications in the western Ecuadorian Andes. Of the five commonly observed human land uses, cattle pasture (n = 30) provided potentially suitable habitat for A. punctimacula and A. albimanus in less than 14% of sites, and was related in a principal components analysis (PCA) to the presence of macrophyte vegetation, greater surface area, clarity, and algae cover. Empty lots (n = 30) were related in the PCA to incident sunlight and provided potential habitat for A. pseudopunctipennis and A. albimanus in less than 14% of sites. The other land uses surveyed (banana, sugarcane, and mixed tree plantations; n = 28, 21, 25, respectively) provided very little standing water that could potentially be used for larval habitat. River edges and eddies (n = 41) were associated with greater clarity, depth, temperature, and algae cover, which provide potentially suitable habitat for A. albimanus in 58% of sites and A. pseudopunctipennis in 29% of sites. Road-associated water bodies (n = 38) provided potential habitat for A. punctimacula in 44% of sites and A. albimanus in 26% of sites surveyed. Species collection localities were compared to land cover classifications using Geographic Information Systems software. All three mosquito species were associated more often with the category “closed/open broadleaved evergreen and/or semi-deciduous forests” than expected (P ≤ 0.01 in all cases), given such a habitat’s abundance. This study provides evidence that specific human land uses create habitat for potential malaria vectors in highland regions of the Andes

Military Magic or Nature’s Fool

f this world lasts for a million years or two million “Iyears, or more, never can you exhaust the subject matter of humanity and nature, ” said Charles Burchfield regarding his source of inspiration. “I don’t know how much time I’ve got left, but I’d like to have at least another lifetime … to say what I want to say about nature. ” This fascination began during the artist’s childhood in Salem, Ohio, where he “formed the habit of wandering off to the woods and fields … in search of wild flowers in the spring or colored leaves in the fall. ” These, along with blossoming trees and all manner of plants, made up his earliest drawings, also described in copious journals, more than 10,000 pages. “I hereby dedicate my life and soul to the study and love of nature, with the purpose to bring it before the mass of uninterested public.” Burchfield’s art education began at the Cleveland School of Art, where he became familiar with the teachings of artist and philosopher Arthur Wesley Dow who, ahead of his time, believed that nature should be depicted not in realistic terms but in a harmonious presentation of compositional elements (line, color, light and dark). During these years, Burchfield absorbed such diverse influences as Chinese scroll paintings; the works of Hiroshige, Hokusai, and Aubrey Beardsley; and Russian ballet designs by Léon Bakst. But “The greatest inspiration to me was Henry G. Keller … not only a good painter but also a good teacher…. He made you feel as though art was the most important thing in the world, and you couldn’t do better than to be an artist if you had the aptitude for it. ” Keller said that his Author affi liation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention