A Minimalist Framework for Thought Experiment Analysis

Thought experiments are frequently vague and obscure hypothetical scenarios that are difficult to assess. The paper proposes a simple model of thought experiments. In the first part, I introduce two contemporary frameworks for thought experiment analysis: an experimentalist approach that relies on similarities between real and thought experiment, and a reasonist approach focusing on the answers provided by thought experimenting. Further, I articulate a minimalist approach in which thought experiment is considered strictly as doxastic mechanism based on imagination. I introduce the basic analytical tool that allows us to differentiate an experimental core from an attached argumentation. The last section is reserved for discussion. I address several possible questions concerning adequacy of minimalistic definition and analysis

Apriorism, Psychologism, and Conceptualism about Thought Experiments

Epistemological optimists about thought experiments hold that imagination could be under certain conditions source of epistemic justification. Their claim is usually based on one of three dominant conceptions about epistemic value of thought experiments. Apriorism states that imagination may serve as unique a priori source of new synthetic knowledge about the actual world. I argue against this view and show that apriorism is either too weak, or too strong or too vague. Psychologism is viable, yet not fully clear conception about new meta-knowledge obtained by thought experimenting. I compare some interpretations of this position and present reasons for favorizing one of them. Conceptualism considers thought experiments as instruments for cleaning our conceptual systems. I argue that this position is in fact not about epistemic value of thought experiments, but about one specific usage of experimental result

Marketing Sweetpotatoes to the United Kingdom

The sweet potato, though nutritious and healthful, has languished as measured by per capita consumption. Value-adding products have been developed, but have not been successful in expanding consumption and acceptance. Specialty pack exports to the United Kingdom, with expansion to continental Europe, are a potential market for appropriately packaged product.Marketing,

Уровни нитратов/нитритов в сыворотке крови у больных артериальной гипертензией, перенесших грипп

гипертензияплазманитратынитритыгрип

Exploring our Region’s Prosperity

Prosperity refers to the economic success of the regional economy and can be measured using income data. In order to assess regional prosperity in the Portland Metropolitan region, we will consider two measures of income: aggregate regional income (Metropolitan GDP) and income for individuals and households. In addition, we will discuss poverty levels in the Portland Metropolitan region according to the federal poverty standard. To ascertain the significant income variations both within the region and between comparable regions, this paper will compare counties within the Portland Metropolitan region and discuss how Portland measures up to ten comparator regions in the United States

Inhibitors of \u3cem\u3eN\u3csup\u3eα\u3c/sup\u3e\u3c/em\u3e-acetyl-l-ornithine Deacetylase: Synthesis, Characterization and Analysis of their Inhibitory Potency

A series of N α-acyl (alkyl)- and N α-alkoxycarbonyl-derivatives of l- and d-ornithine were prepared, characterized, and analyzed for their potency toward the bacterial enzyme N α-acetyl-l-ornithine deacetylase (ArgE). ArgE catalyzes the conversion of N α-acetyl-l-ornithine to l-ornithine in the fifth step of the biosynthetic pathway for arginine, a necessary step for bacterial growth. Most of the compounds tested provided IC50 values in the μM range toward ArgE, indicating that they are moderately strong inhibitors. N α-chloroacetyl-l-ornithine (1g) was the best inhibitor tested toward ArgE providing an IC50 value of 85 μM while N α-trifluoroacetyl-l-ornithine (1f), N α-ethoxycarbonyl-l-ornithine (2b), and N α-acetyl-d-ornithine (1a) weakly inhibited ArgE activity providing IC50 values between 200 and 410 μM. Weak inhibitory potency toward Bacillus subtilis-168 for N α-acetyl-d-ornithine (1a) and N α-fluoro- (1f), N α-chloro- (1g), N α-dichloro- (1h), and N α-trichloroacetyl-ornithine (1i) was also observed. These data correlate well with the IC50 values determined for ArgE, suggesting that these compounds might be capable of getting across the cell membrane and that ArgE is likely the bacterial enzymatic target

Соціальна відповідальність бізнесу як феномен суспільного буття

Пропонована до уваги стаття присвячена поглибленню наукового знання про явище соціальної відповідальності бізнесу, окресленню соціологічної дефініції і концепту цього феномена. Це передбачає здійснення соціологічної інтерпретації, концептуалізацію чинників і факторів здійснення соціальної відповідальності, визначення видів і найважливіших функцій. Це теоретичне поле соціологічної науки дозволяє окреслити комплексний підхід до розуміння соціальної відповідальності бізнесу та вийти за рамки стереотипних трактувань

Population Characteristics within the Portland-Vancouver MSA

In this article, we will explore population characteristics in different parts of the Portland MSA using Census Public Use Microsample (PUMS) data from 2005-2007. For the spatial component, we will use a Census-defined small area geography called Public Use Microsample Area (PUMA), designed to follow existing county boundaries and contain around 100,000 people. (The Census reports the one-year and three-year ACS data only to the detail of this geography in order to maintain the privacy of survey respondents and to improve the precision of the estimates.) We will sometimes focus on a couple of example PUMAs to show the interesting differences within the region. (The information shown is available for all PUMAs in this case, but for the sake of space, we will Population Characteristics within the PortlandVancouver MSA Webb Sprague, Emily Picha, Sheila Martin Institute of Metropolitan Studies, PSU May 2010 just focus on a few.

Transformasi Budaya Ikat Namo di Kampung Harapan Kecamatan Sungai Apit Kabupaten Siak

The problem formulation in this research is how is the transformationof ikat namo culture in Harapan Village, Sungai Apit Subdistrict, Siak District? Thepurpose of this research is to know the transformation of namo bunch culture inHarapan Village, Sungai Apit Subdistrict, Siak District. The type of this research isdescriptive naturalistic with qualitative approach. The subject of this research as manyas 6 people, the technique of taking the data source is by snowball sampling. Theinstrument of this study used participant observation, interview and documentation. Theresults of the analysis carried out then can in the conclusion of the process oftransformation of namo culture is through three stages, namely the preliminary stage,the stage of implementation and the final stage

Brownfield regeneration from the perspective of residents: Place circumstances versus character of respondents

Little attention is paid to the inhabitants’ views of places where brownfields are localized. If the residents attract some attention in this matter, it is most often at global level, and no influence of responders’ characteristics or of place of questioning on the perception of problems of brownfields is examined in more detail. However, there is a consensus among researchers that these variables have an immediate effect on perception. That is why we set the objective to assess the impact of inhabitants’ characteristics and of the place of residence on the structure of preferences for various types of brownfields regeneration. Respondents were questioned in three zones (city center, vicinity of the city and the peripheral surroundings of the city) of two cities (497 respondents in Karviná and 833 respondents in České Budějovice, both Czech Republic). Socio-economic characteristics of the respondents were pursued and respondents commented on the extent of agreement with the use of existing brownfields in three defined zones of cities. The impact of origin of the resident (geographic characteristics) and of the character of the respondent (soci-economic characteristics) on a structure in preferences was studied sequentially by means of three methods of multidimensional data analysis (PCA, RDA, and Variation Partitioning). All methods led us to reveal a structure of four factors of preferences for regeneration: green/sport, housing/shopping, industry, and entertainment. Following the RDA the statistically significant variables to influence the structure of answers are both geographical variables – city, zone of a city – and three socio-economic variables – gender, age, and education. Preference for commercial-residential use of brownfields has a distinctive centre-periphery distribution within the city. The preferences of the revitalization through the reactivation of the industry are given primarily by the particular city, and the impact of both types of variables (characteristics of the respondent and the place of questioning) is significant, however the shared explainable variation is negligible (geographic variables explain 51.6% and characteristics of respondents 46.6%