Wzgórze w świetle afazji podkorowych

The article is devoted to the specific nature of subcortical aphasia, with particular emphasis on thalamic aphasia. It describes the features of subcortical aphasias which make it possible to differentiate them from cortical aphasias and defines the characteristics of thalamic aphasia which are indicated by researchers seeking its constitutive features. The article also discusses the anatomic aspects of the thalamus and the latest reports on the functions it performs in the language processing process through thalamocortical networks.The article is devoted to the specific nature of subcortical aphasia, with particular emphasis on thalamic aphasia. It describes the features of subcortical aphasias which make it possible to differentiate them from cortical aphasias and defines the characteristics of thalamic aphasia which are indicated by researchers seeking its constitutive features. The article also discusses the anatomic aspects of the thalamus and the latest reports on the functions it performs in the language processing process through thalamocortical networks

Assessment of sensory preference and frequency of carbohydrate bar consumption by physically active people

Introduction: Active lifestyles are causing an increase in interest directed toward foods, many athletes use specially formulated food products that concentrate large amounts of nutrients in a small volume, while also being easily digestible and quickly absorbed. The main objective of the study was to compare selected commercially available products prepared for physically active people with those prepared based on proprietary recipes and natural, commonly available ingredients. Material and method: The material used in the comparative study was energy bars from three sources: popular market bars from the leading manufacturers in the Polish market and available in most grocery stores, specialized bars, and bars made according to the author's recipe in imitation of the above snacks using natural ingredients.  The evaluation of the use of supplements was based on the author's survey questionnaire on consumer preferences and frequency of consumption of carbohydrate products, using energy bars as an example. Results: Bars prepared according to the author's recipe received scores of 2 and 3 for taste and texture and scores of 1 and 2 for the input of basic raw materials. Evaluation of the use of supplements was carried out in a group of 147 people, the study group was dominated by people who train in cycling and running. About 65% of the respondents declared that they use energy bars. Among those who use energy bars, the largest number of respondents declared that they use specialty bars (20%), 15% of respondents use market bars and 8% make the bars themselves. Conclusions: The results of the sensory evaluation of bars prepared according to the author's recipe indicate the need to modify their composition, especially in terms of improving the texture. Carbohydrate supplements are used by respondents, especially if it is justified in the case of practicing endurance and endurance sports characterized by high intensity of training, i.e. cycling and running

Analysis of localisation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow of the rat : possible relationship with innervations

Piątek Małgorzata, Polaniak Renata, Tabarowski Zbigniew, Staśkiewicz Wiktoria, Kiciak Agata, Grajek Mateusz. Analysis of localisation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow of the rat- possible relationship with innervations. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(7):479-492. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.049 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.07.049 https://zenodo.org/record/6828868 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.06.2022. Revised: 22.06.2022. Accepted: 13.07.2022. ANALYSIS OF LOCALISATION OF MEGAKARYOCYTES IN THE BONE MARROW OF THE RAT- POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP WITH INNERVATIONS Małgorzata Piątek1, Renata Polaniak1*, Zbigniew Tabarowski2, Wiktoria Staśkiewicz3, Agata Kiciak3, Mateusz Grajek4 1Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland 2Department of Experimental Hematology, Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Poland 3Department of Food Technology and Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland 4Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland *Correspondence: Renata Polaniak, PhD; Jordana 19, 41808 Zabrze (Poland); [email protected] ABSTRACT Within the bone marrow, megakaryocytes thrive in an environment rich in numerous growth factors that influences their development, maturation, and may play a role in signaling the start of platelet production. Up to now, experiments concerning localisation of various populations of cells in rat bone marrow showed their certain relationship to the blood vessels. There are strikingly few reliable sources of information available in the literature that confirm the relationship between the localisation of these cells in connection to nerve fibers. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to examine if megakaryocytes are located in a defined relation to sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers. The study used immature 6 weeks rats of the Wistar breed of both sexes. The animals were kept under constant lighting conditions (12 hours light-dark cycle) and temperature, and had unrestricted access to water and food (standard laboratory rodent feed).Double immunostaining method was applied with usage of secondary antibodies conjugated with fluorochromes (Cy3 and DTAF) to identify cells. The antibody against CD42d was used to immunolocalise megakaryocytes, while in order to identify the distribution of nerves, antibodies anti-NPY (for detection sympathetic nerve fibers) and anti-PGP 9.5 (sensory nerve fibers) were applied. These findings showed the presence of megakaryocyte and megakaryoblastic cells which were distributed with a close relationship to the blood vessels but some of them were located in parenchyma. It was shown that NPY-positive and PGP 9.5-positive cells were present in the vicinity of blood cells. Furthermore, some megakaryocytes were located near PGP 9.5-labelled cells. The relationship between sympathetic nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y and megakaryocytes was also detected. The presence of megakaryocytes with a close vicinity of nerve fibers suggests the influence of the released neurotransmitters on the location of the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. KEYWORDS: megakaryocytes, platelets, bone marrow, innervation, neuropeptide Y, PGP 9.

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is compromised in ischaemic stroke of undetermined aetiology only in the non-affected hemisphere

Background and purpose To assess dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke of undetermined aetiology, within 72h of stroke onset. Materials and methods In 6 patients with ischaemic stroke of undetermined aetiology (aged 66±9 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score on admission: 4.0, range: 4–11), selected based on screening of 118 consecutive ischaemic stroke patients and in 14 volunteers (aged 62±10 years), we continuously monitored RR intervals (RRI), mean arterial pressure (MAP) by means of photoplethysmography, mean cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) and respiration during 2-min deep breathing paced at 6min−1 (0.1Hz). To assess CA, we evaluated the impact of breathing-induced MAP oscillations on fluctuations of CBFV in the hemispheres with stroke, the non-involved hemispheres and randomly selected hemispheres of controls by applying cross-spectral analysis and calculating coherence, transfer function gain (CBFV–MAP gain) and phase shift angle between the two oscillating signals. Results Phase shift angle between MAP and CBFV oscillations showed values >0 and was significantly reduced in the hemispheres without stroke as compared to controls (0.39±0.95 vs. −1.59±0.33rad, p=0.015), whereas in the hemispheres with stroke, phase shift angle did not differ significantly from that observed in the control hemispheres. Clinical status of stroke patients significantly improved at discharge from the hospital (NIHSS: 2.0, range: 1–8, p=0.028). Conclusions During the first days of ischaemic stroke of undetermined aetiology, dynamic cerebral autoregulation is compromised in the non-affected hemisphere, but not in the hemisphere with ischaemic lesion

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is compromised in ischaemic stroke of undetermined aetiology only in the non-affected hemisphere

Background and purpose: To assess dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke of undetermined aetiology, within 72 h of stroke onset. Materials and methods: In 6 patients with ischaemic stroke of undetermined aetiology (aged 66 9 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score on admission: 4.0, range: 4–11), selected based on screening of 118 consecutive ischaemic stroke patients and in 14 volunteers (aged 62 10 years), we continuously monitored RR intervals (RRI), mean arterial pressure (MAP) by means of photoplethysmography, mean cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) and respiration during 2-min deep breathing paced at 6 min1 (0.1 Hz). To assess CA, we evaluated the impact of breathing-induced MAP oscillations on fluctuations of CBFV in the hemispheres with stroke, the non-involved hemispheres and randomly selected hemispheres of controls by applying cross-spectral analysis and calculating coherence, transfer function gain (CBFV–MAP gain) and phase shift angle between the two oscillating signals. Results: Phase shift angle between MAP and CBFV oscillations showed values >0 and was significantly reduced in the hemispheres without stroke as compared to controls (0.39 0.95 vs. 1.59 0.33 rad, p = 0.015), whereas in the hemispheres with stroke, phase shift angle did not differ significantly from that observed in the control hemispheres. Clinical status of stroke patients significantly improved at discharge from the hospital (NIHSS: 2.0, range: 1–8, p = 0.028). Conclusions: During the first days of ischaemic stroke of undetermined aetiology, dynamic cerebral autoregulation is compromised in the non-affected hemisphere, but not in the hemisphere with ischaemic lesio

Ecological and cultural importance of juniper ecosystem in the area of Zeravshan valley (Tajikistan) on the background of environmental condition and anthropogenic hazards

The study analyses physiogeographical factors of the Zeravshan Range as a basis for environmental and habitat diversity. They provided the background for considering conditions for the functioning of juniper forest ecosystems. The uniqueness of these ecosystems also relies on the longevity of Juniperus seravschanica Kom., J. semiglobosa Regel and J. turkestanica Kom. Physiognomic features of the landscape are conditioned by the habitat, climate, landforms, and recently also by anthropopressure. The ecological, environmental and the cultural importance of juniper trees makes them a distinctive and determinant feature of the landscape. Currently juniper forests across Tajikistan, including those in the Zeravshan Mts., have been significantly disrupted as a result of chaotic, uncontrolled and excessive felling. The purpose of this article is to present natural conditions of juniper forest ecosystems, the impact of anthropogenic changes on their functioning as well as the occurrence of endemic species within them. The cultural importance of juniper in the protection of the surrounding landscape was also analysed

The human impact on the transformation of juniper forest landscape in the western part of the Pamir-Alay range (Tajikistan)

Detailed analyses were conducted of human impact on juniper forest landscapes occurring within the Zarafshan Range (Pamir-Alay). Juniperus seravschanica and J. semiglobosa belong to forest-forming species in Central Asia. At present, juniper forests all over Tajikistan are seriously threatened as a result of excessive logging and cattle grazing. The aim of this paper is to present juniper forest transformation as a result of human activities as well as the diversity of soil properties in the organic and humus horizons in the altitudinal system of soil zonation. Three groups of phytocoenoses were distinguished: those with a dominant share of Juniperus seravschanica; those with a dominant share of J. semiglobosa; and mixed. Associations with Juniperus seravschanica and J. semiglobosa feature several variants of phytocoenoses with dominant species: Artemisia lehmanniana, A. dracunculus, Eremurus olgae, Festuca sulcata, Ligularia thomsonii, Stipa turkestanica, Thymus seravschanicus, and Ziziphora pamiroalaica. The collected soil samples differ in their granulometric composition. Gravelly cobble fractions >2 mm are dominant; the share of sandy particles <2 mm is much lower (about 10–20%). Fraction 0.5–0.05 attains 35% on average. The Corg content of the soil varied from 0.26 to 11.40% in the humus horizon (A) and from 4.3 to 25% in the organic (O). Similar relationships were reported in the case of Ntot concentration. A clear relationship can be observed between concentrations of Corg and Ntot. Soil pH varied, ranging from very low acidic (pH 5.5) to neutral (pH 8.5). The content of available P varied; high concentrations were noted in organic (O) (40.46–211 mg kg−1) and mixed horizons (OA) (2.61–119 mg kg−1). Maximum accumulations of Pavail (1739.6 mg kg−1) and Ptot (9696 mg kg−1) were observed at a site heavily affected by intense grazing. Concentrations of Mgavail varied from 116 to 964 mg kg−1. Most of the analysed soil profiles lacked an organic horizon; only thin humus occurred

Zapalenie osierdzia i mięśnia sercowego — niecodzienna pozajelitowa manifestacja wrzodziejącego zapalenia jelita grubego

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an example of inflammatory bowel disease that can be manifested by extraintestinal complications including cardiac disorders. The most commonly reported — pericarditis — occurs in 0.23% of all UC patients. The knowledge about the etiology of pericarditis is important to implement accurate therapy. However, the diagnosis is not always clear and can be connected with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this case, we present a myopericarditis in the course of UC exacerbation.Wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego (UC) jest przykładem nieswoistej choroby zapalnej jelit, która może się manifestować objawami pozajelitowymi, w tym objawami ze strony układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Najczęściej stwierdzane zapalenie osierdzia występuje u 0,23% pacjentów z UC. Wiedza na temat etiologii zapalenia osierdzia jest niezbędna do wdrożenia właściwej terapii. Mimo to diagnoza nie zawsze jest łatwa i może być związana z wyzwaniami zarówno w zakresie diagnostyki jak i leczenia. Przedstawiony opis przypadku ilustruje problem zapalenia osierdzia i mięśnia sercowego w przebiegu UC