53 research outputs found
Effect of high intensity activity on children's aerobic power
Several studies in recent years have reported significant fitness improvements in children after exercise interventions, given sufficient training intensity, frequency and duration. However the knowledge of how fast children respond to exercise is limited and most research protocols are performed on cycle ergometers or other training devices using exercise programs are not applicable for practical purposes such as childrenâs sports programs or physical education classes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high intensity aerobic activity in five weeks, two sessions per week, on childrenâs VO2peak. Additionally we wanted to test whether ten-year old boys were able to sustain intensity over 80 % of reart ratepeak (HRpeak) for a relative long period of time (up to 4 minutes), using aerobic games and play. Results from the present study showed a significant increase in VO2peak from 178.5 (Âą 12.6) ml x kg-0.67 x min-1 to188.4 (Âą 12.6) ml x kg-0.67 x min-1). Conclusion: Children can increase their VO2peak after five weeks of exercise with two high intensity sessions per week. This study also revealed that children can exercise near their HRpeak in time periods lasting up to four minutes
The influence of age on the match-to-match variability of physical performance in womenâs elite football
Introduction: The fluctuation of external match load throughout a season is
influenced by several contextual factors. While some, have been deeply analysed
in menâs football literature, information is lacking on how other contextual
elements, such as playerâs age or experience, may affect the match-to-match
variability of locomotor activities. In fact, aging has been described as a
multifactorial process with the potential to affect human performance. The aim
of this study is to assess if the variability of match locomotor performances
fluctuates according to the playersâ age.
Methods: 59 female players from four top-level clubs were divided into three age
groups and monitored during two seasons using GPS APEX (STATSports, Northern
Ireland), with a sampling frequency of 10Hz, in 150 official matches to determine
the coefficient of variation (CV) of full-match and 1-min peak locomotor demands
of total distance (TD), high-speed running distance, sprint distance (SpD),
accelerations, and decelerations. To test whether there was a group effect of
age on match-to-match variability we used a one-way ANOVA with CV% as the
independent variable.
Results: CV values of full match variables ranged from 3.8% to 27.8%, with total
distance (3.8%) in the peak age group and SpD (27.8%) in the pre-peak age
group. Similarly, CV values of 1-min peaks ranged from 4.1% (post-peak group)
in TD to 22.3% (peak group) in SpD.
Discussion: The main finding was that there were no significant differences
between the different age groups in the metrics analysed although trends
indicate less variability in the post-peak age group
Positional Differences in Peak- and Accumulated- Training Load Relative to Match Load in Elite Football
Quantification of training and match load is an important method to personalize the training stimulusâ prescription to players according to their match demands. The present study used time-motion analysis and triaxial-accelerometer to quantify and compare: a) The most demanding passages of play in training sessions and matches (5-min peaks); b) and the accumulated load of typical microcycles and official matches, by playing position. Players performance data in 15 official home matches and 11 in-season microcycles were collected for analysis. Players were divided into four different playing positions: Centre-backs, wing-backs, centre midfielders, and centre forwards. The results show that match demands were overperformed for acceleration counts (acccounts) (131%â166%) and deceleration counts (deccounts) (108%â134%), by all positions. However, relative to match values, training values for sprint distance (sprintdist) and high-intensity run distance (HIRdist) were considerably lower (36%â61% and 57%â71%) than for accelerations and decelerations. The most pronounced difference on the 5-min peaks was observed in sprints (sprintpeak), with wing-backs achieving during the microcycle only 64% of the sprintpeak in matches, while centre backs, centre midfielders, and centre forwards levelled and overperformed the match values (107%, 100%, and 107%, respectively). Differences observed across playing positions in matches and microcycles underline the lack of position specificity of common training drills/sessions adopted by coaches in elite football
Effects of a neuromuscular training program on physical performance and asymmetries in female soccer
Introduction: Womenâs football require optimal neuromuscular system
development for injury prevention and performance optimization. Standardized
neuromuscular training programs have shown promising results in reducing
injuries and functional asymmetries, but evidence on their impact on
performance is limited.
Methods: This research examined the effects of a 10-week neuromuscular
training program on physical performance and asymmetries in female football
players. Thirty-eight female players from two Spanish Second Division womenâs
football teams participated in the study. The physical performance tests used
were: ankle dorsiflexion, bilateral and unilateral horizontal jump, bilateral and
unilateral vertical countermovement jump, 40 m sprint including partial times at
10, 20 and 30 m and the 505 test for change of direction evaluation. For 10 weeks,
players in the experimental group performed three weekly 24-min neuromuscular
training sessions. Participants in the control group completed their normal 24-min
strength and conditioning program.
Results: The main results were that maximal linear velocity and change of
direction skills showed the most notable improvements [effect size (ES), 0.46
to 0.59] after implementation of the training program, ankle dorsiflexion and
jumping skills, also improved although, to a lesser extent (ES, <0.35) while
asymmetries between limbs were reduced. Maximal running speed improved in
the intervention group (p < 0.001) with a mean ES â0.59.
Discussion: We conclude that a 10-week neuromuscular training program can be
a sufficient stimulus to improve football-specific performance variables in highlevel female football players. Therefore, female players and coaches should be
aware that weekly inclusion of strength, power and dynamic balance exercises
following a neuromuscular paradigm is helpful for football-specific performance
improvement
The effect of bio-electro-magnetic-energyregulation therapy on sleep duration and sleep quality among elite players in Norwegian womenâs football
The current study investigated if physical loads peak on game days and if Bio-
Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) therapy is affecting sleep duration
and sleep quality on nights related to game nights among elite players in
Norwegian womenâs elite football. The sample included 21 female football players
from an elite top series club with a mean age of ~24 years (Âą 2.8). Sleep was
measured every day over a period of 273 consecutive days with a Somnofy sleep
monitor based on ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulse radar and Doppler technology.
The current study was conducted as a quasi-experiment, where each player was
their own control based on a control period that lasted for 3 months, and an
experimental period that lasted for 5 months. Accordantly, the time each player
spent with BEMER therapy was used as a control variable. Multivariate analyses
of variance using FFMANOVA and univariate ANOVA with False Discovery Rate
adjusted p-values show that physical performance (total distance, distance per
minute, sprint meters >22.5 kmh, accelerations and decelerations) significantly
peak on game day compared with ordinary training days and days related to
game days. The results also show that sleep quantity and quality are significantly
reduced on game night, which indicate disturbed sleep caused by the peak in
physical load. Most sleep variables significantly increased in the experiment
period, where BEMER therapy was used, compared to the control period before
the introduction of BEMER therapy. Further, the analyses show that players who
spent BEMER therapy >440 h had the most positive effects on their sleep, and
that these effects were significantly compared to the players who used BEMER
therapy <440 h. The findings are discussed based on the function of sleep and the
different sleep stages have on recovery
Predicting peek readiness-to-train of soccer players using long short-term memory recurrent neural networks
Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.We are witnessing the emergence of a myriad of hardware and software systems that quantifies sport and physical activities. These are frequently touted as game changers and important for future sport developments. The vast amount of generated data is often visualized in graphs and dashboards, for use by coaches and other sports professionals to make decisions on training and match strategies. Modern machine-learning methods has the potential to further fuel this process by deriving useful insights that are not easily observable in the raw data streams. This paper tackles the problem of deriving peaks in soccer players' ability to perform from subjective self-reported wellness data collected using the PMSys system. For this, we train a long short-term memory recurrent neural network model using data from two professional Norwegian soccer teams. We show that our model can predict performance peaks in most scenarios with a precision and recall of at least 90%. Equipped with such insight, coaches and trainers can better plan individual and team training sessions, and perhaps avoid over training and injuries
Physical performance and loading for six playing positions in elite female football: fullâgame, endâgame, and peak periods
The present study investigated the position-specific match demands and heart rate response of female elite footballers, with special focus on the full-game, end-game, and peak-intensity periods. In total, 217 match observations were performed in 94 players from all eight teams of the best Danish Women's League, that is, goalkeepers (GK, n = 10), central defenders (CD, n = 23), full-backs (FB, n = 18), central midfielders (CM, n = 28), external midfielders (EM, n = 18), and forwards (FW, n = 11). Positional data (GPS; 10 Hz Polar Team Pro) and HR responses were collected. HRmean and HRpeak were 87%-89% and 98%-99% of HRmax, for outfield players, with no positional differences. CM, EM, and FB covered 8%-14% greater (P < .001) match distances than CD. EM, FW, FB, and CM performed 40%-64% more (P < .05) high-speed running and 41%-95% more (P < .01) very-high-speed running (VHSR) than CD. From the first to the last 15-minute period, total distance, except for FW, number of VHSR, except FB, peak speed and sum of accelerations and sum of decelerations decreased (P < .05) for all outfield positions. In the most intense 5-minute period, EM, FB, and CM performed 25%-34% more (P < .01) HSR than CD, whereas EM, FW, and FB performed 36%-49% more (P < .01) VHSR than CD. In conclusion, competitive elite female matches impose high physical demands on all outfield playing positions, with high aerobic loading throughout matches and marked declines in high-speed running and intense accelerations and decelerations toward the end of games. Overall physical match demands are much lower for central defenders than for the other outfield playing positions, albeit this difference is minimized in peak-intensity periods
Soccer video and player position dataset
This paper presents a dataset of body-sensor traces and cor-responding videos from several professional soccer games captured in late 2013 at the Alfheim Stadium in Tromsø, Norway. Player data, including field position, heading, and speed are sampled at 20 Hz using the highly accurate ZXY Sport Tracking system. Additional per-player statistics, like total distance covered and distance covered in different speed classes, are also included with a 1 Hz sampling rate. The pro-vided videos are in high-definition and captured using two stationary camera arrays positioned at an elevated position above the tribune area close to the center of the field. The camera array is configured to cover the entire soccer field, and each camera can be used individually or as a stitched panorama video. This combination of body-sensor data and videos enables computer-vision algorithms for feature ex-traction, object tracking, background subtraction, and sim-ilar, to be tested against the ground truth contained in the sensor traces
Real-Time Echocardiography Guidance for Optimized Apical Standard Views
Measurements of cardiac function such as left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial strain are typically based on 2-D ultrasound imaging. The reliability of these measurements depends on the correct pose of the transducer such that the 2-D imaging plane properly aligns with the heart for standard measurement views and is thus dependent on the operator's skills. We propose a deep learning tool that suggests transducer movements to help users navigate toward the required standard views while scanning. The tool can simplify echocardiography for less experienced users and improve image standardization for more experienced users. Training data were generated by slicing 3-D ultrasound volumes, which permits simulation of the movements of a 2-D transducer. Neural networks were further trained to calculate the transducer position in a regression fashion. The method was validated and tested on 2-D images from several data sets representative of a prospective clinical setting. The method proposed the adequate transducer movement 75% of the time when averaging over all degrees of freedom and 95% of the time when considering transducer rotation solely. Real-time application examples illustrate the direct relation between the transducer movements, the ultrasound image and the provided feedback.publishedVersio
Anthropometric factors related to sprint and agility performance in young male soccer players
Objective: To investigate the relationship between anthropometrics and sprint and agility
performance and describe the development of sprint (acceleration) and agility performance in
10- to 16-year-old male soccer players.
Methods: One hundred and thirty-two participants were divided into three age groups,
10â12 years (mean 10.8Âą0.50), 13â14 years (mean 13.9Âą0.50), and 15â16 years (mean
15.5Âą0.24), with assessment of 20 m sprint with 10 m split time and agility performance related
to body height and body mass within groups.
Results: In the 10- to 12-year-olds, there were no significant correlations between height,
weight, and the performance variables, except for body mass, which was correlated to
10â20 m sprint (r=0.30). In the 13- to 14-year-olds, body height was significantly correlated
with 10 m sprint (r=0.50) and 20 m sprint (r=0.52), as well as 10â20 m sprint (r=0.50) and
agility performance (r=0.28). In the 15- to 16-year-old group, body height was correlated to
20 m (r=0.38) and 10â20 m (r=0.45) sprint. Body mass was significantly correlated to 10 m
spring (r=0.35) in the 13- to 14-year-olds, as well as 20 m (r=0.33) and 10â20 m (r=0.35) sprint
in the 15- to 16-year-olds.
Conclusion: Height and body mass were significantly correlated with sprint performance in
13- to 16-year-old male soccer players. However, the 10- to 12-year-olds showed no significant
relationship between sprint performance and anthropometrics, except for a small correlation in
10â20 m sprint. This may be attributed to maturation, with large differences in body height and
body mass due to different patterns in the growth spurt. The agility performance related to anthropometrics
was insignificant apart from a moderate correlation in the 13- to 14-year-old
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