PROBLEMS IN THE EXTENSION WORK AND FARMERS’ NEEDS IN SERBIA

In the paper, the authors analyse problems in the extension work and farmers’ needs on the basis of the empirical sociological survey that comprised attitudes of all the agricultural extension workers in Serbia. The survey has been conducted by the authors during 2008 in all of the extension offices in Serbia using the semi-structured questionnaire. The analysis reveals the regional specifics of the farmers’ needs and the problems that the advisors face in daily work, as well. According to the survey results there are three types of problems that are mutually connected: 1. general crisis of the agricultural sector, 2. problems regarding characteristics of farm holdings and farmers population in Serbia and 3. problems that are related to extension organization. Farmers’ needs analysis points to four dominant needs of farmers in Serbia: 1. farm management, 2. help in establishment of farmers’ cooperatives, 3. plant protection and 4. information and advice regarding the agricultural policy.Agricultural extension, Problems in extension work, Farmers’ needs, Agribusiness, Farm Management, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Galactic Center gamma-ray "excess" from an active past of the Galactic Centre?

Several groups have recently claimed evidence for an unaccounted gamma-ray excess over {the} diffuse backgrounds at few GeV in {the} Fermi-LAT data in a region around the Galactic Center, consistent with a dark matter annihilation origin. We demonstrate that the main spectral and angular features of this excess can be reproduced if they are mostly due to inverse Compton emission from high-energy electrons injected in a burst event of ~10^52 - 10^53erg roughly O(10^6) years ago. We consider this example as a proof of principle that time-dependent phenomena need to be understood and accounted for - together with detailed diffuse foregrounds and unaccounted "steady state" astrophysical sources - before any robust inference can be made about dark matter signals at the Galactic Center. In addition, we point out that the timescale suggested by our study, which controls both the energy cutoff and the angular extension of the signal, intriguingly matches (together with the energy budget) what is indirectly inferred by other evidences suggesting a very active Galactic Center in the past, for instance related to intense star formation and accretion phenomena.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Minor scale correction plus a typo in a figure label. Conclusions unchange

Employment related language education for beginners: a comparative analysis of vocabulary in two editions of På vei

Mastergradsoppgave i kultur- og språkfagenes didaktikk, Høgskolen i Innlandet, 2021.Denne studien er en masteroppgave i andrespråksdidaktikk, levert på studieprogrammet Master i kultur- og språkfagenes didaktikk ved Høgskolen i Innlandet. Oppgaven er en komparativ analyse av ordforrådet i den 3. og 4. utgaven av På vei, med særlig fokus på arbeidslivsrelevant ordforråd. Problemstillingen for oppgaven er: Å undersøke hvordan språklig innhold i et læreverk forandrer seg som konsekvens av nye offisielle føringer. I denne oppgaven vil jeg helt konkret undersøke om det er forskjeller i innhold og omfang av ordforrådet som har med arbeids- og yrkesliv å gjøre i læreverkene før og etter at arbeidsretting er blitt et offisielt krav i norskopplæringen, beskrive disse forskjellene, og prøve å formulere hvilke mulige implikasjoner de har for innlærere. Utgangspunktet for oppgaven er personlig interesse for språklig innhold i læreverk i norsk som andrespråk som brukes i språkopplæring for voksne, samt en økt satsing på arbeidsretting av norskopplæringen, formalisert gjennom offisielle utdanningspolitiske føringer. Arbeidsretting av norskopplæringen realiseres både gjennom språkopplæring i ulike bedrifter og ordinær klasseromsopplæring, og nyere forskningsbidrag indikerer at det er den ordinære opplæringen som har best effekt og oppleves som mest lærerik av deltakerne. Det er et viktig argument for å gjennomføre flere studier av læreverk som brukes i klasserom Norge rundt. Oppgaven tar utgangpunkt i teori om ordforråd og teori om lærebøker. Den metodiske tilnærmingen er eksplorativ og innebærer en inngående analyse på et begrenset antall tekster. Analysen er todelt, og består av en dokumentanalyse og en respondentundersøkelse, hvor respondentene er tre erfarne norsklærere. Denne studien kan oppsummeres i to hovedfunn. Det første er at vanskegraden med hensyn til leksikalsk variasjon og syntaktisk kompleksitet, er økt i utgaven av læreboka utarbeidet med tydelig fokus på arbeidslivsdomene. Det andre hovedfunnet i studien er at kunnskapen om arbeidsrettet språk er usikker, og at det er vanskelig å skille mellom arbeidslivsrelevant ordforråd og annet ordforråd som presenteres i nybegynneropplæringen

Millisecond pulsars and the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess: the importance of luminosity function and secondary emission

Several groups of authors have analyzed Fermi LAT data in a region around the Galactic Center finding an unaccounted gamma-ray excess over diffuse backgrounds in the GeV energy range. It has been argued that it is difficult or even impossible to explain this diffuse emission by the leading astrophysical candidates - millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Here we provide a new estimate of the contribution to the excess by a population of yet unresolved MSP located in the bulge of the Milky Way. We simulate this population with the GALPLOT package by adopting a parametric approach, with the range of free parameters gauged on the MSP characteristics reported by the second pulsar catalogue (2PC). We find that the conclusions strongly depend on the details of the MSP luminosity function (in particular, its high luminosity end) and other explicit or tacit assumptions on the MSP statistical properties, which we discuss. Notably, for the first time we study the importance of the possible secondary emission of the MSPs in the Galactic Center, {i.e. the emission via inverse Compton losses of electrons injected in the interstellar medium. Differently from a majority of other authors, we find that within current uncertainties a large if not dominant contribution of MSPs to the excess cannot be excluded. We also show that the sensitivities of future instruments or possibly already of the latest LAT data analysis (Pass 8) provide good perspectives to test this scenario by resolving a significant number of MSPs.Comment: 21 pages, 5 tables, 2 figures; modified to match the published versio

Composite localized modes in discretized spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

We introduce a discrete model for binary spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) trapped in a deep one-dimensional optical lattice. Two different types of the couplings are considered, with spatial derivatives acting inside each species, or between the species. The discrete system with inter-site couplings dominated by the SOC, while the usual hopping is negligible, \textit{emulates} condensates composed of extremely heavy atoms, as well as those with opposite signs of the effective atomic masses in the two components.\ Stable localized composite states of miscible and immiscible types are constructed. The effect of the SOC on the immiscibility-miscibility transition in the localized complexes, which emulates the phase transition between insulating and conducting states in semiconductors, is studied.Comment: Journal of Physics B , in pres

Adaptive modeling of the femtosecond inscription in silica

We present an adaptive mesh approach to high performance comprehensive investigation of dynamics of light and plasma pattens during the process of direct laser inscription. The results reveal extreme variations of spatial and temporal scales and tremendous complexity of these patterns which was not feasible to study previously

Understanding the diffuse gamma ray emission of the milky way - from supernova remnants to dark matter

Diffuse gamma ray emission from the Galactic center at 2-3 GeV, as well as the 12 TeV gamma ray excess in the Galactic disk, remain open for debate and represent the missing puzzles in the complete picture of the high-energy Milky Way sky. Our papers emphasize the importance of understanding all of the populations that contribute to the diffuse gamma background in order to discriminate between the astrophysical sources such as supernova remnants and pulsars, and something that is expected to be seen in gamma rays and is much more exotic - dark matter. We analyze two separate data sets that have been measured in different energy ranges from the ?Fermi-LAT? and ?Milagro? telescopes, using these as a powerful tool to limit and test our analytical source population models. We model supernova remnants and pulsars, estimating the number of still undetected ones that contribute to the diffuse background, trying to explain both the Galactic center and the 12 TeV excess. Furthermore, we aim to predict the number of soon to be detected sources with new telescopes, such as the ?HAWC?

HIGH-ACCURACY QUASISTATIC NUMERICAL MODEL FOR BODIES OF REVOLUTION TAILORED FOR RF MEASUREMENTS OF DIELECTRIC PARAMETERS

We have developed rotationally symmetrical coaxial chambers for measurements of dielectric parameters of disk-shaped samples, in the frequency range from 1 MHz to several hundred MHz. The reflection coefficient of the chamber is measured and the dielectric parameters are hence extracted utilizing a high-accuracy quasistatic numerical model of the chamber and the sample. We present this model, which is based on the method-of-moments solution of a set of integral equations for composite metallic and dielectric bodies. The equations are tailored to bodies of revolution. The model is efficient and accurate so that the major contribution of the measurement uncertainty comes from the measurement hardware