Геология Прокопьевско-Киселевского каменноугольного месторождения и проект разведки участка Вахрушевский Глубокий (Кузбасс)

Цель работы – определение методики проведения разведочных работ на участке «Вахрушевский Глубокий». В дипломном проекте представлены геологическая характеристика и строение Прокопьевско-Киселевского месторождения каменного угля, определена сеть геологоразведочных работ, методика опробования, социальная ответственность при геологоразведочных работах, технико-экономическое обоснование работ.The purpose of the study was to determine methods of conducting exploration work in the area, "Vakhrushevskiy Deep." A Capstone project presented to the geological characteristics and the structure Prokop-Kiselevsky coal deposits, identified a network of exploration, methods of sampling, social responsibility during exploration works, feasibility of works

Clinical trials in neonates: ethical issues

Clinical trials in neonatology often raise complex ethical problems. This paper suggests that in tackling these it is useful to identify and separate out those elements of the problem that are genuinely ethical (e.g. can I enter a child into a trial if I am not in personal equipoise?) from those that are empirical (e.g. what is the evidence for a treatment's effectiveness?) and those that are formal (e.g. what do codes or the law permit?) The genuinely ethical elements are examples of philosophical problems and must be tackled in a way appropriate to such problems. In practice this usually means some form of systematic argument. This is often frustrating to clinicians who are more used to the assuredness of empirical research. The paper next examines two ethical problems that arise frequently in neonatal trials. The first is equipoise and the related issue of recruiting parents who are not in equipoise because they strongly desire that their baby get the active treatment. We briefly defend the recruitment of such "desperate volunteers". The second is informed consent. We discuss the nature and value of informed consent and suggest that clinicians can often obtain worthwhile consent even in very difficult trials. The final section of the paper uses the example of clinical trials for brain injury to illustrate the difficulties.</p

Distribution and habitat preference of Buxbaumia Hedw. species in Hungary

The genus Buxbaumia includes two species (B. aphylla and B. viridis) in Hungary. Both of them were thought to be rare and threatened: B. aphylla was rated as Vulnerable (VU), while B. viridis as Endangered (EN) on the national Red List. The latter is a Natura 2000 species and protected by law in the country. The aims of the research were to summarize the historical and actual distribution of these taxa and to reveal their habitat preference, population size and phenology in Hungary. During systematic surveys from 2014 to 2017, we have checked previously known localities and similar habitats in several Hungarian landscapes. In almost every newly discovered stand, phytocoenological relevés were taken in 1 m2 plots. We recorded here the number, state and maximal density (plant/1 dm2) of the individuals (sporophytes or setae), and listed the presence of cooccurring species. The cover values of moss layer, bare surfaces and organic debris were estimated; the exposure and the inclination were measured. We have found some formerly known and many more newly discovered populations of Buxbaumia species. Although B. viridis is usually considered to be an epixylic bryophyte, both species occurred mostly on soil, on steep, north-facing slopes, in stands of acidophilous communities. However, B. aphylla was more common in drier acidophytic oak forests, while B. viridis preferred acidophytic beech forests. In both cases, the most frequent (fr.≥50%) co-occurring mosses were Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme and Polytrichum formosum. According to the observed habitat preference and using MÉTA maps, we presume further potential occurrences of shield-mosses in Hungary, mainly in hilly regions. Since more than 1600 individuals and 160 (usually stable) stands of both taxa were discovered recently in the country, we suggest that their threat status should be lowered to Near Threatened (NT) in the next Bryophyte Red List of Hungary. Whereas the characteristics of B. aphylla are similar to those reported in the literature, our results on the habitat preference of B. viridis greatly differ from the Hungarian and international published accounts. Our new observations will be relevant for the protection of B. viridis in the future

Does HAART Efficacy Translate to Effectiveness? Evidence for a Trial Effect

Background: Patients who participate in clinical trials may experience better clinical outcomes than patients who initiate similar therapy within clinical care (trial effect), but no published studies have evaluated a trial effect in HIV clinical trials. Methods: To examine a trial effect we compared virologic suppression (VS) among patients who initiated HAART in a clinical trial versus in routine clinical care. VS was defined as a plasma HIV RNA #400 copies/ml at six months after HAART initiation and was assessed within strata of early (1996–99) or current (2000–06) HAART periods. Risk ratios (RR) were estimated using binomial models. Results: Of 738 persons initiating HAART, 30.6 % were women, 61.7 % were black, 30 % initiated therapy in a clinical trial and 67 % (n = 496) had an evaluable six month HIV RNA result. HAART regimens differed between the early and current periods (p,0.001); unboosted PI regimens (55.6%) were more common in the early and NNRTI regimens (46.4%) were more common in the current period. Overall, 78 % (95%CI 74, 82%) of patients achieved VS and trial participants were 16 % more likely to achieve VS (unadjusted RR 1.16, 95%CI 1.06, 1.27). Comparing trial to non-trial participants, VS differed by study period. In the early period, trial participants initiating HAART were significantly more likely to achieve VS than non-trial participants (adjusted RR 1.33; 95%CI 1.15, 1.54), but not in the current period (adjusted RR 0.98; 95%CI 0.87, 1.11). Conclusions: A clear clinical trial effect on suppression of HIV replication was observed in the early HAART period but not i

Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy

We report the results of a consensus conference on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA). We describe the clinical features of the disease, which include four domains: autonomic failure/urinary dysfunction, parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia, and corticospinal dysfunction. We set criteria to define the relative importance of these features. The diagnosis of possible MSA requires one criterion plus two features from separate domains. The diagnosis of probable MSA requires the criterion for autonomic failure/urinary dysfunction plus poor levodopa responsive parkinsonism or cerebellar ataxia. The diagnosis of definite MSA requires pathological confirmation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41757/1/10286_2006_Article_BF02309628.pd

Global democratic consensus on neuropathological disease criteria.

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