Analyse de baumes issus de tête momifiée (Thèbes)

L’étude de trois baumes, prélevés sur un crâne momifié appartenant à la collection du musée des Confluences de Lyon, a pu être réalisée. Les analyses radiographiques et morphologiques ont mis en évidence une perte de substance occipito-pariétale, secondaire à un traumatisme crânien, ayant entraîné la mort du sujet. Ceci a donc permis de comparer les formulations des baumes intra- et extra-crâniens par spectrométrie Infrarouge à transformée de Fourier et chromatographie en phase gaz couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. Les baumes extra-crâniens présentent de fortes teneurs en Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques et des traces de composés hopanes et stéranes, indiquant la présence d’un bitume pyrolysé, ainsi que des pimaranes impliquant l’utilisation d’une résine non chauffée provenant d’arbres de l’embranchement des Conifères (ou Pinophyta). L’échantillon prélevé dans l’endocrâne présente une composition très différente avec la présence d’huile ou graisse et d’une résine provenant d’arbres de l’embranchement des Conifères. Nous avons donc pu mettre en évidence une spécificité de technique (chauffage ou non) et de matériaux entre différentes localisations d’un même baume.The study of three balms, sampled from mummified head belonging to the collection of the ”musée des Confluences” in Lyon, was realized. X-ray and morphologic analysis underlined the lost of occipito-parietal material, induced by cranial traumatism, that caused the death of the subject. This allowed to study the differences between intra- and extra-cranial balms formulations by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Intra-cranial balms are composed of high concentrations of different Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and traces of sterane and hopane compounds from pyrolised bitumen. We also found different pimaranes molecules from non-heating resin taken from trees of the Coniferae phylum. Sample from endocranium had a really different composition with oil or fat mixed with a coniferous resin. Thus, we brought to light the specificity in term of techniques (heating or not) and materials between two different localizations of the same skull

Amniotic band syndrome and limb body wall complex in Europe 1980-2019

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) and limb body wall complex (LBWC) have an overlapping phenotype of multiple congenital anomalies and their etiology is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of ABS and LBWC in Europe from 1980 to 2019and to describe the spectrum of congenital anomalies. In addition, we investigated maternal age and multiple birth as possible risk factors for the occurrence of ABS and LBWC. We used data from the European surveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT) network including data from 30 registries over 1980–2019. We included all pregnancy outcomes, including live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomalies. ABS and LBWC cases were extracted from the central EUROCAT database using coding information responses from the registries. In total, 866 ABS cases and 451 LBWC cases were included in this study. The mean prevalence was 0.53/10,000 births for ABS and 0.34/10,000 births for LBWC during the 40 years. Prevalence of both ABS and LBWC was lower in the 1980s and higher in the United Kingdom. Limb anomalies and neural tube defects were commonly see in ABS, whereas in LBWC abdominal and thoracic wall defects and limb anomalies were most prevalent. Twinning was confirmed as a risk factor for both ABS and LBWC. This study includes the largest cohort of ABS and LBWC cases ever reported over a large time period using standardized EUROCAT data. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and the phenotypic spectrum are described, and twinning is confirmed as a risk factor.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Amniotic band syndrome and limb body wall complex in Europe 1980-2019.

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) and limb body wall complex (LBWC) have an overlapping phenotype of multiple congenital anomalies and their etiology is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of ABS and LBWC in Europe from 1980 to 2019 and to describe the spectrum of congenital anomalies. In addition, we investigated maternal age and multiple birth as possible risk factors for the occurrence of ABS and LBWC. We used data from the European surveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT) network including data from 30 registries over 1980-2019. We included all pregnancy outcomes, including live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomalies. ABS and LBWC cases were extracted from the central EUROCAT database using coding information responses from the registries. In total, 866 ABS cases and 451 LBWC cases were included in this study. The mean prevalence was 0.53/10,000 births for ABS and 0.34/10,000 births for LBWC during the 40 years. Prevalence of both ABS and LBWC was lower in the 1980s and higher in the United Kingdom. Limb anomalies and neural tube defects were commonly seen in ABS, whereas in LBWC abdominal and thoracic wall defects and limb anomalies were most prevalent. Twinning was confirmed as a risk factor for both ABS and LBWC. This study includes the largest cohort of ABS and LBWC cases ever reported over a large time period using standardized EUROCAT data. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and the phenotypic spectrum are described, and twinning is confirmed as a risk factor

Amniotic band syndrome and limb body wall complex in Europe 1980–2019

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) and limb body wall complex (LBWC) have an overlapping phenotype of multiple congenital anomalies and their etiology is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of ABS and LBWC in Europe from 1980 to 2019 and to describe the spectrum of congenital anomalies. In addition, we investigated maternal age and multiple birth as possible risk factors for the occurrence of ABS and LBWC. We used data from the European surveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT) network including data from 30 registries over 1980–2019. We included all pregnancy outcomes, including live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomalies. ABS and LBWC cases were extracted from the central EUROCAT database using coding information responses from the registries. In total, 866 ABS cases and 451 LBWC cases were included in this study. The mean prevalence was 0.53/10,000 births for ABS and 0.34/10,000 births for LBWC during the 40 years. Prevalence of both ABS and LBWC was lower in the 1980s and higher in the United Kingdom. Limb anomalies and neural tube defects were commonly seen in ABS, whereas in LBWC abdominal and thoracic wall defects and limb anomalies were most prevalent. Twinning was confirmed as a risk factor for both ABS and LBWC. This study includes the largest cohort of ABS and LBWC cases ever reported over a large time period using standardized EUROCAT data. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and the phenotypic spectrum are described, and twinning is confirmed as a risk factor.publishedVersio

Non communiqué

L'objet de ce travail est d'étudier le système de représentation qu'avaient les Égyptiens du cerveau, à travers une recherchelexicographique, incluant textes médicaux et textes funéraires. La connaissance que nous avons de la conception du cerveau, en Égypte ancienne, est notre propre représentation de la leur. Une approche des connaissances médicales, grâce à l'étude des textes médicaux, notamment, le papyrus Edwin Smith, sera confrontée à celle des momies, dont lapathologie cérébrale ou spinale a pu faire l'objet d'un diagnostic rétrospectif. L'étude des textes funéraires, en particulier, le Rituel de l'Embaumement, donnera de nouveaux éléments, permettant la recherche de la signification rituelle du traitement de l'endocrâne, incluant ou non une excérébration, comparée à l'utilité de cette pratique pour la conservation de la momie. Une étude de momies, centrée sur le traitement du crâne, rassemblant « éléments durs » et « éléments mous », complètera les données fournies par les textes égyptiens, à travers une approche de l'évolution des pratiques funéraires.The object of this work is the study of the system of representation that had the Egyptians about the brain, through a lexicographical research, with medical and funerary texts included. The knowledge that we have from the conception of the brain, in Ancient Egypt, is our own representation of their. An access to medical texts, more particularly, the papyrus EdwinSmith, will be compared with mummies’ study, the cerebral or spinal diseases of whom could be the subject of etrospective diagnosis. The study of funerary texts, particularly, the Embalming Ritual, will give new elements, which allowed the research of ritual signification of skull’s treatment, including or not an excerebration, compared to the usefulness of thispractice for the conservation of the mummy. A study of mummies, focused on skull’s treatment, reassembling « hard elements » and « soft elements », will complete the ideas given by Egyptian texts, through an approach of the evolution of funerary texts

Étude de momies de basse époque de la nécropole d'Oxyrhynchos (Moyenne Égypte) - 2ème partie

International audienceL'étude de momies découvertes dans une nécropole datant de basse Époque, sur le site d'Oxyrhynchos (Moyenne Égypte), a permis de déterminer les pratiques de momification de l'poque ptolémaïque

Étude complémentaire de 31 têtes de momies - Collection du musée des Confluences, anciennement musée Guimet

International audienceUne série de 31 têtes et crânes de momies humaines, appartenant à la collection d'Ostéologie du musée des Confluences (anciennement musée Guimet) de Lyon, a fait l'objet de plusieurs études scientifiques. Cette collection, rapportée d'Égypte par Charles-Louis Lortet et Ernest Chantre, à la fin du XIXe siècle, est datée de la XIe dynastie à l'époque ptolémaïque. L'objet de cette étude est de collecter les différentes données acquises précédemment (radiologie, paléopathologie, anthropologie, odontologie) et de les confronter à une étude complémentaire centrée sur les pratiques de momification de la tête. Une analyse chromatographique des baumes vient enrichir les études antérieures

Connaissance et représentations du cerveau en Égypte ancienne (évolution des pratiques funéraires et des connaissances médicales)

L'objet de ce travail est d'étudier le système de représentation qu'avaient les Égyptiens du cerveau, à travers une recherchelexicographique, incluant textes médicaux et textes funéraires. La connaissance que nous avons de la conception du cerveau, en Égypte ancienne, est notre propre représentation de la leur. Une approche des connaissances médicales, grâce à l'étude des textes médicaux, notamment, le papyrus Edwin Smith, sera confrontée à celle des momies, dont lapathologie cérébrale ou spinale a pu faire l'objet d'un diagnostic rétrospectif. L'étude des textes funéraires, en particulier, le Rituel de l'Embaumement, donnera de nouveaux éléments, permettant la recherche de la signification rituelle du traitement de l'endocrâne, incluant ou non une excérébration, comparée à l'utilité de cette pratique pour la conservation de la momie. Une étude de momies, centrée sur le traitement du crâne, rassemblant éléments durs et éléments mous , complètera les données fournies par les textes égyptiens, à travers une approche de l'évolution des pratiques funéraires.The object of this work is the study of the system of representation that had the Egyptians about the brain, through a lexicographical research, with medical and funerary texts included. The knowledge that we have from the conception of the brain, in Ancient Egypt, is our own representation of their. An access to medical texts, more particularly, the papyrus EdwinSmith, will be compared with mummies study, the cerebral or spinal diseases of whom could be the subject of etrospective diagnosis. The study of funerary texts, particularly, the Embalming Ritual, will give new elements, which allowed the research of ritual signification of skull s treatment, including or not an excerebration, compared to the usefulness of thispractice for the conservation of the mummy. A study of mummies, focused on skull s treatment, reassembling hard elements and soft elements , will complete the ideas given by Egyptian texts, through an approach of the evolution of funerary texts.MONTPELLIER-BU Lettres (341722103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le sarcophage du muséum d'Histoire naturelle de Perpignan. La momie de Iouefenkhonsou, Jw=f-n-Hnsw.

L'étude pluridisciplinaire de la momie égyptienne de Iouefenkhonsou, datant de la XXIe dynastie, conservée au muséum d'Histoire naturelle de Perpignan et l'étude des textes hiéroglyphiques et de l'iconographie de son cercueil composite font l'objet de cet ouvrage collectif