Posibilidades de trabajo con realidad aumentada en educación física

La Realidad Aumentada, RA, permite a los individuos tener una interacción entre un mundo real y uno virtual que lo complementa. Aunque es una tecnología actual y en crecimiento, resulta en gran parte desconocida dentro del mundo educativo. Este Trabajo Fin de Grado tiene como objetivo conocer el grado de desarrollo y aplicabilidad de la RA, en la Educación Física, EF. Se pretende explicar las posibilidades que puede ofrecernos la RA en esta asignatura en la etapa de Educación Primaria. Para ello, se ha realizado la revisión de los documentos publicados desde 2012 al 2018 inclusive, con experiencias en contextos educativos de diferentes niveles (Primaria, Secundaria, Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Universidad). Del mismo modo, las limitaciones que pueden producirse en los contextos educativos actuales en el momento de utilizar este tipo de tecnología. Se han seleccionado y analizado 13 obras de relevancia relacionadas con el objetivo principal de conocer el estado actual de la RA en el ámbito educativo para tratar de sentar las bases de cara a futuras propuestas de trabajo con esta metodología

Effects of Ultratrail Running on neuromuscular function, muscle damage and hydration status. Differences according to training level

The status of trail running races has exponentially grown in recent years. The present study aimed to: (a) evaluate the acute response of ultratrail racing in terms of neuromuscular function, muscle damage and hydration status; (b) analyze if responses could differ according to training levels. Twenty runners participated in the present study. The participants were divided into amateur training level (n = 10; 43.30 ± 4.52 years) or high level competitors (n = 10; 41.40 ± 6.18). Neuromuscular response (squat jump, countermovement jump and Abalakov jump), muscle damage (alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, creatine kinase and leukocytes) and hydration status (sodium and creatinine) were evaluated before and after the Guara Somontano Ultratrail Race (108 km distance, with an accumulated slope of 5800 m). The height and power achieved by vertical jumps were lower after the race (p < 0.001). The post-race muscle damage and creatinine parameters increased in both groups (p < 0.001). The high-level group obtained lower percentages of change in squat jump and countermovement jump than the amateur-level group (p < 0.05). However, the increase in creatinine was greater for the high-level group (p < 0.05). Ultratrail racing reduces neuromuscular function and increases muscle damage. High-level runners showed less neuromuscular fatigue compared to amateur ones

Impacto de una intervención didáctica basada en el uso de un exergame en la activación del área motora suplementaria durante procesos de coordinación motora: un estudio piloto en primaria

Our study investigated the effect of an exergaming didactic intervention in Physical Education (PE) on brain functioning associated with motor coordination. Five students formed the control group (received traditional didactic intervention) and four made up the experimental group (received exergaming didactic intervention). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures were acquired at two time points (before and after intervention) by a 64-channel NIRScout system covering the supplementary motor area (SMA) while performing a bimanual digital flexion-extension coordination task. The results showed a more efficient activity pattern for the group that performed the gamified exergaming intervention than for the control group (traditional didactic intervention). In conclusion, our study reports neurofunctional evidence for effects of exergames on motor coordination.Este estudio busca analizar el efecto de una intervención educativa, basada en el uso de un exergame, sobre la actividad cerebral relacionada con procesos de coordinación motora. Cinco alumnos formaron parte del grupo control (fueron los que recibieron la intervención didáctica tradicional) y cuatro alumnos formaron parte del grupo experimental (recibieron la intervención educativa basada en el uso del exergame). Las medidas de espectroscopía funcional de infrarrojo cercano (fNIRS) se recogieron en dos momentos diferenciados (antes –medida PRE– y después –medida POST– de la intervención) con un sistema NIRScout de 64 canales, cubriendo el área motora suplementaria (SMA) durante la realización de una tarea de coordinación bimanual de flexión-extensión digital. Los resultados mostraron que parece existir un patrón de actividad más eficiente en el grupo que realizó la intervención de exergaming gamificada en comparación con el grupo que realizó la intervención didáctica tradicional. En conclusión, nuestro estudio muestra evidencia neurofuncional sobre los efectos de los exergames en la coordinación motora

Genetic characterization of the Iberian populations of two invasive mollusks: zebra mussel and asiatic clam

The zebra mussel and the Asian clam are two invasive aquatic species worldwide. Both species are present in the Iberian Peninsula for several years. However, introduction history and colonization routes of these two invasive species in the Iberian Peninsula remain mainly unknown. We have developed new molecular markers for each species to be used in population genetics studies. Then, we characterized the genetic structure of the Iberian populations in order to infer their possible colonization routes. Our results show how the zebra mussel invasion into the Iberian Peninsula involves a single invasion episode with a separate colonization history than the rest of Europe. In Asian clam, our results revealed that at least two colonization episodes have occurred in the Iberian Peninsula. Finally, we have developed a genetic method based on environmental DNA for dreissenid larvae detection in waterbody samples, increasing the sensibility of the routinely zebra mussel larvae detection methodsEl mejillón cebra y la almeja asiática son dos especies acuáticas invasoras, presentes en la Península Ibérica desde hace muchos años. Sin embargo, no se conocen de manera cierta ni la historia de su invasión ni sus rutas de colonización. Desarrollamos nuevos marcadores moleculares para usarlos en estudios de genética de poblaciones. Seguidamente, caracterizamos la estructura genética de las poblaciones ibéricas para inferir posibles rutas de invasión. Nuestros resultados muestran que la invasión del mejillón cebra en la Península Ibérica se basa en un único y reciente episodio de invasión, diferente al resto de Europa. Respecto a la almeja asiática, nuestros resultados mostraron que ha habido al menos dos episodios de colonización en la Península Ibérica. Finalmente, desarrollamos un método genético basado en DNA ambiental para detectar larvas de especies de dreissenidos en masas de agua, incrementando la sensibilidad de los métodos rudimentarios de detección de larvas de mejillón cebr

Genetic characterization of the Iberian populations of two invasive mollusks: zebra mussel and asiatic clam

The zebra mussel and the Asian clam are two invasive aquatic species worldwide. Both species are present in the Iberian Peninsula for several years. However, introduction history and colonization routes of these two invasive species in the Iberian Peninsula remain mainly unknown. We have developed new molecular markers for each species to be used in population genetics studies. Then, we characterized the genetic structure of the Iberian populations in order to infer their possible colonization routes. Our results show how the zebra mussel invasion into the Iberian Peninsula involves a single invasion episode with a separate colonization history than the rest of Europe. In Asian clam, our results revealed that at least two colonization episodes have occurred in the Iberian Peninsula. Finally, we have developed a genetic method based on environmental DNA for dreissenid larvae detection in waterbody samples, increasing the sensibility of the routinely zebra mussel larvae detection methodsEl mejillón cebra y la almeja asiática son dos especies acuáticas invasoras, presentes en la Península Ibérica desde hace muchos años. Sin embargo, no se conocen de manera cierta ni la historia de su invasión ni sus rutas de colonización. Desarrollamos nuevos marcadores moleculares para usarlos en estudios de genética de poblaciones. Seguidamente, caracterizamos la estructura genética de las poblaciones ibéricas para inferir posibles rutas de invasión. Nuestros resultados muestran que la invasión del mejillón cebra en la Península Ibérica se basa en un único y reciente episodio de invasión, diferente al resto de Europa. Respecto a la almeja asiática, nuestros resultados mostraron que ha habido al menos dos episodios de colonización en la Península Ibérica. Finalmente, desarrollamos un método genético basado en DNA ambiental para detectar larvas de especies de dreissenidos en masas de agua, incrementando la sensibilidad de los métodos rudimentarios de detección de larvas de mejillón cebr

Impact of an exergame-based didactic intervention on supplementary motor area activation during motor coordination in primary school students: a pilot study

Our study investigated the effect of an exergaming didactic intervention in Physical Education (PE) on brain functioning associated with motor coordination. Five students formed the control group (received traditional didactic intervention) and four made up the experimental group (received exergaming didactic intervention). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures were acquired at two time points (before and after intervention) by a 64-channel NIRScout system covering the supplementary motor area (SMA) while performing a bimanual digital flexion-extension coordination task. The results showed a more efficient activity pattern for the group that performed the gamified exergaming intervention than for the control group (traditional didactic intervention). In conclusion, our study reports neurofunctional evidence for effects of exergames on motor coordination

Impact of an exergame-based didactic intervention on supplementary motor area activation during motor coordination in primary school students: a pilot study

Our study investigated the effect of an exergaming didactic intervention in Physical Education (PE) on brain functioning associated with motor coordination. Five students formed the control group (received traditional didactic intervention) and four made up the experimental group (received exergaming didactic intervention). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures were acquired at two time points (before and after intervention) by a 64-channel NIRScout system covering the supplementary motor area (SMA) while performing a bimanual digital flexion-extension coordination task. The results showed a more efficient activity pattern for the group that performed the gamified exergaming intervention than for the control group (traditional didactic intervention). In conclusion, our study reports neurofunctional evidence for effects of exergames on motor coordination.Este estudio busca analizar el efecto de una intervención educativa, basada en el uso de un exergame, sobre la actividad cerebral relacionada con procesos de coordinación motora. Cinco alumnos formaron parte del grupo control (fueron los que recibieron la intervención didáctica tradicional) y cuatro alumnos formaron parte del grupo experimental (recibieron la intervención educativa basada en el uso del exergame). Las medidas de espectroscopía funcional de infrarrojo cercano (fNIRS) se recogieron en dos momentos diferenciados (antes –medida PRE– y después –medida POST– de la intervención) con un sistema NIRScout de 64 canales, cubriendo el área motora suplementaria (SMA) durante la realización de una tarea de coordinación bimanual de flexión-extensión digital. Los resultados mostraron que parece existir un patrón de actividad más eficiente en el grupo que realizó la intervención de exergaming gamificada en comparación con el grupo que realizó la intervención didáctica tradicional. En conclusión, nuestro estudio muestra evidencia neurofuncional sobre los efectos de los exergames en la coordinación motora

Using Massive Parallel Sequencing for the Development, Validation, and Application of Population Genetics Markers in the Invasive Bivalve Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)

The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha, Pallas, 1771) is one of the most invasive species of freshwater bivalves, due to a combination of biological and anthropogenic factors. Once this species has been introduced to a new area, individuals form dense aggregations that are very difficult to remove, leading to many adverse socioeconomic and ecological consequences. In this study, we identified, tested, and validated a new set of polymorphic microsatellite loci (also known as SSRs, Single Sequence Repeats) using a Massive Parallel Sequencing (MPS) platform. After several pruning steps, 93 SSRs could potentially be amplified. Out of these SSRs, 14 were polymorphic, producing a polymorphic yield of 15.05%. These 14 polymorphic microsatellites were fully validated in a first approximation of the genetic population structure of D. polymorpha in the Iberian Peninsula. Based on this polymorphic yield, we propose a criterion for establishing the number of SSRs that require validation in similar species, depending on the final use of the markers. These results could be used to optimize MPS approaches in the development of microsatellites as genetic markers, which would reduce the cost of this proces

Validated methodology for quantifying infestation levels of dreissenid mussels in environmental DNA (eDNA) samples

The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, 1771) and the quagga mussel (D. rostriformis Deshayes, 1838) are successful invasive bivalves with substantial ecological and economic impacts in freshwater systems once they become established. Since their eradication is extremely difficult, their detection at an early stage is crucial to prevent spread. In this study, we optimized and validated a qPCR detection method based on the histone H2B gene to quantify combined infestation levels of zebra and quagga mussels in environmental DNA samples. Our results show specific dreissenid DNA present in filtered water samples for which microscopic diagnostic identification for larvae failed. Monitoring a large number of locations for invasive dreissenid species based on a highly specific environmental DNA qPCR assay may prove to be an essential tool for management and control plans focused on prevention of establishment of dreissenid mussels in new locationsWe are indebted to different colleagues for zebra mussel sample collections: Concha Durán (Ebro Hydrografic Confederation, Spain) for the logistic advice; Anna Terrats and Carolina Solà (Catalan Water Agency from the Government of Catalonia, Spain) for the filtered-water environmental samples. We would thank to Mariona Palacios for her collaboration in the analysis into her Final Master Project. This research was carried out within the objectives of the research project CGL200909407 of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN