Study of the oxidation of an omega-3 concentrate after formulation as oil in water emulsions

Trabajo presentado en: 10th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, 1 a 5 de octubre de 2017, Barcelon

Studies of process intensification for the development of hydrophilic and hydrophobic β-carotene formulations

Esta tesis se basa en el desarrollo de diferentes formulaciones de β-caroteno para su uso como colorante natural y en la implementación de técnicas innovadoras y de intensificación. Se ha estudiado la formulación de β-caroteno mediante un proceso de emulsión presurizada, optimizando los parámetros de proceso y estudiando el efecto de distintos almidones modificados y disolventes orgánicos. Se ha realizado una comparativa con las técnicas convencionales de emulsificación-evaporación (cizalladura y ultrasonidos). También se han desarrollado formulaciones basadas en tecnologías con fluido supercrítico: - Formulación de β-caroteno con lecitina de soja mediante secado PGSS. - Estudio del comportamiento de fase de mezclas policaprolactonas-fluido supercrítico para obtener un conocimiento detallado y poder desarrollar la formulación con este polímero. - Formulación de β-caroteno con policaprolactonas mediante PGSS. - Estudio de la solubilidad de β-caroteno en policaprolactonas para la obtención de las propiedades básicas para el desarrollo del proceso de encapsulación por PGSS.Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambient

Aplicación de tecnologías emergentes a la formulación de compuestos bioactivos de interés para la industria alimentaria

Póster presentado en: I Congreso CyTA Junior: 19 de mayo de 2017. IX Congreso CyTA-CESIA, Ayer, hoy y mañana de la Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, 16-19 de mayo de 2017, MadridJCyL y FEDER por la financiación del proyecto BU055U1

Formulación de un concentrado de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 con lecitina de soja mediante emulsificación por ultrasonidos

Póster presentado en: I Congreso CyTA Junior: 19 de mayo de 2017. IX Congreso CyTA-CESIA, Ayer, hoy y mañana de la Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, 16-19 de mayo de 2017, MadridJCyL y FEDER por la financiación del proyecto BU055U1

Production of stabilized quercetin aqueous suspensions bysupercritical fluid extraction of emulsions

Producción CientíficaQuercetin is a flavonoid with highly promising bioactivity against a variety of diseases, due to its strong antioxidant, antiviral and antihistaminic effect, but these applications are limited by the low solubility of quercetin in gastrointestinal fluids and the correspondingly low bioavailability. The objective of this work is to produce encapsulated quercetin particles in sub-micrometric scale, in order to increase their low bioavailability. These particles were produced by extraction of organic solvent from oil in water emulsions by Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Emulsions (SFEE). Due to the rapid extraction of organic solvent by this method, the disperse organic phase becomes rapidly supersaturated, causing the precipitation of quercetin particles in sub-micrometric scale, encapsulated by the surfactant material. Two different biopolymers (Pluronic L64 ® poloxamers and soy bean lecithin) were used as carriers and surfactant materials. In experiments with Pluronic, needle quercetin particles were obtained after SFEE treatment, with particle sizes around 1 μm and poor encapsulation efficiency. In case of soy lecithin, quercetin-loaded multivesicular liposomes were obtained, with a mean particle size around 100 nm and around 70% encapsulation efficiency of quercetin, without presence of segregated quercetin crystalsJunta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA225U14

Omega–3 encapsulation by PGSS-drying and conventional drying methods. Particle characterization and oxidative stability

Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions (PGSS)-drying has been used as a green alternative to encapsulate omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n–3 PUFAs) at mild, non-oxidative conditions. PGSS-dried particles have been compared to those obtained by conventional drying methods such as spray-drying and freeze-drying, finding encapsulation efficiencies (EE) up to 98% and spherical morphology for PGSS- and spray-dried particles. Freeze-dried powders showed irregular morphology and EE from 95.8 to 98.6%, depending on the freezing method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed glass-transition and melting peaks of OSA-starch and a cold-crystallization peak corresponding to the encapsulated n–3 PUFA concentrate. Compared to conventionally dried powders, PGSS-dried microparticles showed lower primary and secondary oxidation after 28 days of storage at 4 °C. Ascorbic acid addition combined with the mild processing conditions of PGSS-drying yielded particles with a maximum peroxide value of 2.5 meq O2/kg oil after 28 days of storage at 4 °C.Junta de Castilla y León and the European Regional Development Fund for financial support of the project BU055U1

Production of water soluble quercetin formulations by pressurized ethyl acetate-in-water emulsion technique using natural origin surfactants

Producción CientíficaQuercetin is a strong antioxidant flavonoid with several bioactive properties such as anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities, becoming an interesting compound to be incorporated into pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food products. However, these applications are limited by the low bioavailability of this flavonoid. Quercetin is poorly soluble in aqueous media, such as gastrointestinal fluids, being also degraded by gut flora. Thus, it is necessary the development of quercetin's formulations capable of improving its water solubility resulting in increased bioavailability and thus higher biological activity of this compound. The aim of the present work was the formulation of quercetin using three distinct natural origin surfactants, namely OSA-starch, Lecithin and b-glucan, by precipitation from a pressurized ethyl acetatein- water emulsion. Formulations of quercetin with encapsulation efficiencies up to near 76% and a micellar particle size in the range of nanometers were obtained using lecithin. An improved antioxidant activity (3-fold higher per unit mass of quercetin) was also observed in these formulations, demonstrating that lecithin is a good emulsifier for the encapsulation of quercetin. Furthermore, the addition of glycerol as co-solvent increased the colloidal stability of the suspension and the encapsulation efficiency of the flavonoid.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA225U14)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Proyecto JCI-2012-14992)

Studies of polyphenol oxidase inactivation by means of high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD)

Tyrosinase from mushroom was used as a model polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme to perform a systematic inactivation study using High Pressure Carbon Dioxide (HPCD). The ratio CO2/volume of enzyme (g/mL) loaded in the reactor was found to be critical. Above a critical ratio, pressure, temperature and time did not control the inactivation performance. Exposure time (2–15 min), temperature (25–45 °C) and pressure (5–20 MPa) allowed to show a characteristic inactivation pattern for PPO: a sudden decrease in activity (at least 75% of the total activity loss was observed within the first 2 min) was followed by a slowed decay. The experimental data were fitted into a two fraction kinetic model and the main kinetic parameters (ZP, ZT activation volume and activation energy) were calculated. The fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of the samples treated with HPCD revealed significant changes in the tertiary structure of the enzyme.Spanish Government (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for financial support of project CTQ2015-64396-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE). To Junta de Castilla y León and ERDF for O.Benito’s Post-doctoral contract funded by project BU055U16. To MINECO for E. de Paz’s Juan de la Cierva Contract (FJCI-2014-19850)

High Pressure Carbon Dioxide Technology as cold pasteurization in cloudy apple juice

Póster presentado en: 10th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, 1 a 5 de octubre de 2017, BarcelonaMINECO and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for financial support of project CTQ2015-64396-R and AEI’s contract. To Junta de Castilla y León and ERDF for OB’s Post-doctoral contract (BU055U16). To MINECO for RM’s pre-doctoral contract (BES-2013-063937) and EDP’s Juan de la Cierva contract (FJCI-2014-19850). To University of Burgos for AGS’s predoctoral contract

Supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent in the lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of fish oil: kinetic study

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) has been used as green solvent in the lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of fish oil by Lipozyme RM IM at mild, non-oxidative conditions and with no solvent residues. The effect of experimental conditions, initial substrate ethanol/oil molar ratio (2–38), pressure (7.5–30 MPa), and temperature (323.15–353.15 K) on equilibrium conversion, reaction rate and oxidative status of the products has been studied. No ethanol inhibition has been observed at high concentrations of ethanol, when putting in contact first the fish oil with the enzyme avoiding direct contact between the biocatalyst and ethanol. Operating pressure affected positively the reaction performance in the range investigated. Visual observation of the phase behaviour of the initial reaction mixture showed an “expanded liquid phase” that helped enhancing reaction rate, and a gas phase. Raising temperature accelerated the reaction up to a limit (343.15 K), observing higher enzyme thermal stability than in other reaction media (313.15 K). However, lipid oxidation increases with temperature. Up to 86 ± 1% FAEE yield has been found at MR = 6:1, 30 MPa and 323.15 K. Kinetic data have been correlated by using a mathematical model based on the elementary reactions of the 3-step transesterification. Kinetic rate constants, apparent activation volumes and energies are reported for the first time for a lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis reaction in SC-CO2.Spanish Government (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for financial support of the project CTQ2012-39131-C02-01. Financial support from the Junta de Castilla y León and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through project BU055U1