The Incorporation of Moral-Development Language for Machine-Learning Companion Robots

Among the ongoing debates over ethical implications of artificial-intelligence development and applications, AI morality, and the nature of autonomous agency for robots, how to think about the moral assumptions implicit in machine-learning capacities for so-called companion robots is arguably an urgent one. This project links the development of machine-learning algorithmic design with moral-development theory language. It argues that robotic algorithmic responses should incorporate language linked to higher-order moral reasoning, reflecting notions of universal respect, community obligation and justice to encourage similar deliberation among human subjects

Intracranial symptomatic giant arachnoid cyst

Intracranial arachnoid cysts are congenital compartments. They are frequently localized in the middle fossa and are intimately bordered by the arachnoid membrane. (1,2) Clinical symptoms appear commonly at an early age. Cases of symptomatic arachnoid cysts are rare in the elderly. (1,3,4) In this case report, we describe clinical and radiological signs of a 66 year old patient presenting with a giant suprasellar arachnoid cyst. Treatment options are discussed

Cardiomyocyte Lineage Specification in Adult Human Cardiac Precursor Cells Via Modulation of Enhancer-Associated Long Noncoding RNA Expression

SummaryThe mechanisms controlling differentiation in adult cardiac precursor cells (CPCs) are still largely unknown. In this study, CPCs isolated from the human heart were found to produce predominantly smooth muscle cells but could be redirected to the cardiomyocyte fate by transient activation followed by inhibition of NOTCH signaling. NOTCH inhibition repressed MIR-143/145 expression, and blocked smooth muscle differentiation. Expression of the microRNAs is under control of CARMEN, a long noncoding RNA associated with an enhancer located in the MIR-143/145 locus and target of NOTCH signaling. The CARMEN/MIR-145/143 axis represents, therefore, a promising target to favor production of cardiomyocytes in cell replacement therapies

Ann Intensive Care

Unlike for septic shock, there are no specific international recommendations regarding the management of cardiogenic shock (CS) in critically ill patients. We present herein recommendations for the management of cardiogenic shock in adults, developed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system by an expert group of the French-Language Society of Intensive Care (Société de Réanimation de Langue Française (SRLF)), with the participation the French Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SFAR), the French Cardiology Society (SFC), the French Emergency Medicine Society (SFMU), and the French Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (SFCTCV). The recommendations cover 15 fields of application such as: epidemiology, myocardial infarction, monitoring, vasoactive drugs, prehospital care, cardiac arrest, mechanical assistance, general treatments, cardiac surgery, poisoning, cardiogenic shock complicating end-stage cardiac failure, post-shock treatment, various etiologies, and medical care pathway. The experts highlight the fact that CS is a rare disease, the management of which requires a multidisciplinary technical platform as well as specialized and experienced medical teams. In particular, each expert center must be able to provide, at the same site, skills in a variety of disciplines, including medical and interventional cardiology, anesthesia, thoracic and vascular surgery, intensive care, cardiac assistance, radiology including for interventional vascular procedures, and a circulatory support mobile unit

A Daphnane Diterpenoid Isolated from Wikstroemia polyantha Induces an Inflammatory Response and Modulates miRNA Activity

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed single-stranded ∼21–23 nucleotide RNAs that inhibit gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding imperfectly to elements usually within the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of mRNAs. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) mediate site-specific cleavage by binding with perfect complementarity to RNA. Here, a cell-based miRNA reporter system was developed to screen for compounds from marine and plant extracts that inhibit miRNA or siRNA activity. The daphnane diterpenoid genkwanine M (GENK) isolated from the plant Wikstroemia polyantha induces an early inflammatory response and can moderately inhibit miR-122 activity in the liver Huh-7 cell line. GENK does not alter miR-122 levels nor does it directly inhibit siRNA activity in an in vitro cleavage assay. Finally, we demonstrate that GENK can inhibit HCV infection in Huh-7 cells. In summary, the development of the cell-based miRNA sensor system should prove useful in identifying compounds that affect miRNA/siRNA activity

Questions of judgment in the newsroom: A journalistic instrumental-value theory for media ethics

Current media ethics theorizing remains preoccupied with building competing normative philosophical frameworks, yet does not often focus on the construction and operation of human value systems--which arguably are the engines that drive most ethical deliberations. This study draws from extensive social psychology research on value systems to construct a profile of journalistic values using a modified version of the Rokeach Value Survey. By examining the relationships between journalists\u27 value rankings, the journalistic roles they embrace and how they rate different types of ethical questions in terms of difficulty, this study suggests an avenue for more useful theorizing about the process of ethical decision making among journalists. A nationwide probability-sample survey of 600 newspaper journalists produced a response rate of 58 percent (N = 349). Results show a series of relationships between individual prioritized values and journalists\u27 perceptions of the difficulty of different types of ethical issues. Results also show relationships between values and various roles that journalists play in society. A series of personal, in-depth interviews with journalists also explores the ways in which journalists perceive the role of personal values and how those values manifest themselves in everyday decision-making

Arrêt circulatoire (Optimisation pharmaco-mécanique et post conditionnement ischémique)

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Intérêt de la CPAP dans la prise en charge de l'OAP cardiogénique an pré-hospitalier (Etude prospective, randomisée et contrôlée)

La CPAP associée au traitement médical (TM) permet, en intra hospitalier, une amélioration clinique et gazométrique, ainsi qu'une diminution de nombre d'intubations des patients en œdème aigu du poumon cardiogénique (OAP). Le but de cette étude à été d'évaluer, sur une période de 45 minutes, l'effet de la CPAP (système Venturi) dès la phase pré hospitalière, seule et en association avec le TM. Nous avons mené une étude monocentrique, prospective, randomisée et ouverte portant sur des OAP purs ayant une SpO2 initiale £ 90% sous O2 15L/mn. Les patients ont été répartis en 2 groupes et comparés sur 3 périodes successives de 15 mn chacune selin le protocole suivant : groupe A :CPAP seule (TO-T15)/CPAP+TM (T15-T30)/TM seul (T30-T45). Groupe B : TM seul (TO-T15)/TM+ CPAP(T15-T30)/TM seul (T30-T45). Dès la 15ème minute, la CPAP seule a nettement amélioré l'état clinique et gazométrique des patients. Cette amélioration était significativement supérieure à celle obtenue par le TM seul. L'association au traitement médical conventionnel n'a pas eu de bénéfice supplémentaire évident. En revanche, la mise en œuvre immédiate de la CPAP et pendant 30 mn (groupe A) versus 15 mn (groupe B) a permis une plus grande stabilité clinique et gazométrique lors du sevrage de cette assistance ventilatoire, une diminution du recours aux traitements invasifs (intubations, inotropes) et a tendu à baisser la mortalité hospitalière. La CPAP est une technique de ventilation légère et simple d'utilisation, adaptée à la pratique extrahospitalière. Nos données plaident en faveur d'une extension des son utilisation par les Services Mobiles d'Urgence et de Réanimation (SMUR) dans la prise en charge des formes graves d'OAP cardiogénique..PARIS7-Villemin (751102101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF