Additional file 1 of A fast method to evaluate in a combinatorial manner the synergistic effect of different biostimulants for promoting growth or tolerance against abiotic stress

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Early growth assays of Arabidopsis thaliana grown in six-well Cellstar plates

Additional file 2 of A fast method to evaluate in a combinatorial manner the synergistic effect of different biostimulants for promoting growth or tolerance against abiotic stress

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Effect of quaternary combinations of natural extracts on S. cerevisiae growth under control conditions (YPD without stress), saline (NaCl and LiCl), osmotic (Sorbitol) and temperature (10 °C and 37 °C) stress

Genome Features of the Endophytic Actinobacterium <i>Micromonospora lupini</i> Strain Lupac 08: On the Process of Adaptation to an Endophytic Life Style?

<div><p>Endophytic microorganisms live inside plants for at least part of their life cycle. According to their life strategies, bacterial endophytes can be classified as “obligate” or “facultative”. Reports that members of the genus <i>Micromonospora,</i> Gram-positive Actinobacteria, are normal occupants of nitrogen-fixing nodules has opened up a question as to what is the ecological role of these bacteria in interactions with nitrogen-fixing plants and whether it is in a process of adaptation from a terrestrial to a facultative endophytic life. The aim of this work was to analyse the genome sequence of <i>Micromonospora lupini</i> Lupac 08 isolated from a nitrogen fixing nodule of the legume <i>Lupinus angustifolius</i> and to identify genomic traits that provide information on this new plant-microbe interaction. The genome of <i>M. lupini</i> contains a diverse array of genes that may help its survival in soil or in plant tissues, while the high number of putative plant degrading enzyme genes identified is quite surprising since this bacterium is not considered a plant-pathogen. Functionality of several of these genes was demonstrated <i>in vitro</i>, showing that Lupac 08 degraded carboxymethylcellulose, starch and xylan. In addition, the production of chitinases detected <i>in vitro</i>, indicates that strain Lupac 08 may also confer protection to the plant. <i>Micromonospora</i> species appears as new candidates in plant-microbe interactions with an important potential in agriculture and biotechnology. The current data strongly suggests that a beneficial effect is produced on the host-plant.</p></div

Comparison of secondary metabolite clusters found in the genome of <i>M. lupini</i> Lupac 08 and other related microorganisms.

<p>PKS, polyketide synthases; NRPS, non-ribosomal peptide synthases.</p><p>Comparison of secondary metabolite clusters found in the genome of <i>M. lupini</i> Lupac 08 and other related microorganisms.</p

Plant growth promotion and biological control features of <i>M. lupini</i> Lupac 08.

<p>(A) Siderophore, (B) indole-3-acetic acid [a, negative control <i>E. coli</i> DH5α; b, Lupac 08] and pectinase production (D) by <i>M. lupini</i> strain Lupac 08;. (C) Plant growth promoting effect of <i>M. lupini</i> Lupac 08 on clover plantlets. a) control; b) inoculated with <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. E11; c) co-inoculated with <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. E11 and <i>M. lupini</i> Lupac 08.</p

Venn diagram showing the number of clusters of orthologous genes, shared and unique, between <i>M. lupini</i> Lupac 08, <i>Micromonospora</i> sp. L5 and <i>M. aurantiaca</i> ATCC 27029^T.

<p>Venn diagram showing the number of clusters of orthologous genes, shared and unique, between <i>M. lupini</i> Lupac 08, <i>Micromonospora</i> sp. L5 and <i>M. aurantiaca</i> ATCC 27029^T.</p

MAUVE alignment of the genome sequences of <i>Micromonospora lupini</i> Lupac 08, <i>Micromonospora</i> sp. L5, <i>Micromonospora aurantiaca</i> ATCC 27029^T and <i>Micromonospora</i> sp. ATCC 39149.

<p>When boxes have the same colour, this indicates syntenic regions. Boxes below the horizontal line indicate inverted regions. Rearrangements are shown by coloured lines. Scale is in nucleotides.</p

Secretion system genes present in the genome of <i>M. lupini</i> Lupac 08.

<p>TAT, twin-arginine translocation; X, corresponds to the annotation gene numbers given in parenthesis.</p><p>Secretion system genes present in the genome of <i>M. lupini</i> Lupac 08.</p

Bicluster plot of the metabolic profiles of <i>M lupini</i> Lupac 08 and 20 other bacterial genomes.

<p>Bicluster plot of the metabolic profiles of <i>M lupini</i> Lupac 08 and 20 other bacterial genomes.</p

Circular representation of <i>Micromonospora lupini</i> Lupac 08.

<p>Circles displayed from the outside in: 1. Cellulose-binding genes in black, chitin-binding genes in red, lectin genes in lavender blue; 2. Genome coordinates; 3. MW; 4. GC% (linear range between 65 and 80%); 5. Regions of genome plasticity according to the RGP_Finder method (Mage platform) based on synteny breaks between the query genome (Lupac 08) and close genomes (<i>Micromonospora aurantiaca</i> ATCC 27029^T, <i>Micromonospora</i> sp. L5 and <i>Verrucosispora maris</i> AB-18-032^T) correlated with HGT features (tRNA hotspot, DNA repeats, mobility genes), and compositional bias and GC deviation computation. C1 to C15 indicate the position of the 15 clusters of genes coding for secondary metabolites of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108522#pone-0108522-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>.</p