Fabrication of polyaniline/TiO2 nanocomposite ammonia vapor sensor

Polyaniline/Titanium dioxide (PANi/TiO2) nanocomposite was fabricated from PANi, prepared by oxidative chemical polymerization and TiO2, synthesized by sol gel method. The PANi/TiO2 thin film sensors were prepared by spin coating technique. PANi/TiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by XRD and SEM. The cross sensitivity of thin film sensor indicate that the sensor exhibit selectivity to ammonia (NH3). The gas sensing measurements were carried out for different concentrations of NH3. The gas sensing study revealed that the response value increases with increasing concentration of NH3. Moreover, as concentration of NH3 increases, the response time decreases while recovery time increases, which can be attributed to the varying adsorption and desorption rates of an ambient gas with increasing concentration. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2791

Fabrication of polyaniline/TiO2 nanocomposite ammonia vapor sensor

Polyaniline/Titanium dioxide (PANi/TiO2) nanocomposite was fabricated from PANi, prepared by oxidative chemical polymerization and TiO2, synthesized by sol gel method. The PANi/TiO2 thin film sensors were prepared by spin coating technique. PANi/TiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by XRD and SEM. The cross sensitivity of thin film sensor indicate that the sensor exhibit selectivity to ammonia (NH3). The gas sensing measurements were carried out for different concentrations of NH3. The gas sensing study revealed that the response value increases with increasing concentration of NH3. Moreover, as concentration of NH3 increases, the response time decreases while recovery time increases, which can be attributed to the varying adsorption and desorption rates of an ambient gas with increasing concentration. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2791

Exploring Population Dynamics in Nashik District: Applying Polynomial Extrapolation

In this study we have investigates the impact of polynomial degree selection on data fitting accuracy in analyzing population trends within Nashik District. Through a series of figures, it becomes evident that lower-degree polynomials, including linear and quadratic models, inadequately match the dataset's complexity. However, with escalating polynomial degrees, a notable improvement in fitting effectiveness emerges. This analysis highlights the critical role of selecting an appropriate polynomial degree in accurately representing underlying trends. While higher-degree polynomials offer improved fitting, the risk of overfitting, especially with smaller datasets, necessitates a delicate balance between complexity and accuracy. Understanding dataset characteristics is pivotal in determining the optimal polynomial degree for effective representation and prediction of population trends in Nashik District

PRIL_A, PRIL_B and PRIL_C: Pigeonpea Recombinant Inbred Line Mapping Populations Segregating for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt and Sterility Mosaic Disease

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp] bi-parental populations segregating for various traits of interest are being developed. The three most advanced populations, named PRIL_A, PRIL_B and PRIL_C (Pigeonpea Recombinant Inbred Line, population A, B and C) have reached F6 generation. PRIL_A: derived from the cross ICPB 2049 x ICPL 99050 segregates for fusarium wilt (FW), 329 lines. PRIL_B: derived from the cross ICPL 20096 x ICPL 332 segregates for FW and sterility mosaic disease (SMD), 342 lines. PRIL_C: derived from the cross ICPL 20097 × ICP 8863 segregates for SMD, 366 lines. Marker genotyping of the parental lines, however, showed low level of genetic variation. After screening over 4,616 (3,000 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 1,616 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)) markers on parental genotypes of each mapping population, a total of 159 (104 SSRs and 55 SNPs), 80 (52 SSRs and 28 SNPs) and 157 (143 SSRs and 14 SNPs) markers were found polymorphic for ICPB 2049 vs ICPL 99050, ICPL 20096 vs ICPL 332 and ICPL 20097 vs ICP 8863, respectively. The polymorphic markers will be used for constructing genetic linkage maps. The populations will be screened for FW and SMD in 2012-13, while marker-trait association analysis will also be conducted to understand the genetic basis of resistance to these diseases. Further selection from the above indicated mapping populations during 2011-12, on an effort initiated in 2010, resulted in 28 lines with high yield (up to 2.4 t/ha) and disease resistanc

Naked Singularity Formation In f(R) Gravity

We study the gravitational collapse of a star with barotropic equation of state $p=w\rho$ in the context of $f({\mathcal R})$ theories of gravity. Utilizing the metric formalism, we rewrite the field equations as those of Brans-Dicke theory with vanishing coupling parameter. By choosing the functionality of Ricci scalar as $f({\mathcal R})=\alpha{\mathcal R}^{m}$, we show that for an appropriate initial value of the energy density, if $\alpha$ and $m$ satisfy certain conditions, the resulting singularity would be naked, violating the cosmic censorship conjecture. These conditions are the ratio of the mass function to the area radius of the collapsing ball, negativity of the effective pressure, and the time behavior of the Kretschmann scalar. Also, as long as parameter $\alpha$ obeys certain conditions, the satisfaction of the weak energy condition is guaranteed by the collapsing configuration.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, to appear in GR

Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995-2009: analysis of individual data for 25,676,887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)

BACKGROUND: Worldwide data for cancer survival are scarce. We aimed to initiate worldwide surveillance of cancer survival by central analysis of population-based registry data, as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems, and to inform global policy on cancer control. METHODS: Individual tumour records were submitted by 279 population-based cancer registries in 67 countries for 25·7 million adults (age 15-99 years) and 75,000 children (age 0-14 years) diagnosed with cancer during 1995-2009 and followed up to Dec 31, 2009, or later. We looked at cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, and prostate in adults, and adult and childhood leukaemia. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were corrected by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival, adjusted for background mortality in every country or region by age (single year), sex, and calendar year, and by race or ethnic origin in some countries. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: 5-year survival from colon, rectal, and breast cancers has increased steadily in most developed countries. For patients diagnosed during 2005-09, survival for colon and rectal cancer reached 60% or more in 22 countries around the world; for breast cancer, 5-year survival rose to 85% or higher in 17 countries worldwide. Liver and lung cancer remain lethal in all nations: for both cancers, 5-year survival is below 20% everywhere in Europe, in the range 15-19% in North America, and as low as 7-9% in Mongolia and Thailand. Striking rises in 5-year survival from prostate cancer have occurred in many countries: survival rose by 10-20% between 1995-99 and 2005-09 in 22 countries in South America, Asia, and Europe, but survival still varies widely around the world, from less than 60% in Bulgaria and Thailand to 95% or more in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the USA. For cervical cancer, national estimates of 5-year survival range from less than 50% to more than 70%; regional variations are much wider, and improvements between 1995-99 and 2005-09 have generally been slight. For women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2005-09, 5-year survival was 40% or higher only in Ecuador, the USA, and 17 countries in Asia and Europe. 5-year survival for stomach cancer in 2005-09 was high (54-58%) in Japan and South Korea, compared with less than 40% in other countries. By contrast, 5-year survival from adult leukaemia in Japan and South Korea (18-23%) is lower than in most other countries. 5-year survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is less than 60% in several countries, but as high as 90% in Canada and four European countries, which suggests major deficiencies in the management of a largely curable disease. INTERPRETATION: International comparison of survival trends reveals very wide differences that are likely to be attributable to differences in access to early diagnosis and optimum treatment. Continuous worldwide surveillance of cancer survival should become an indispensable source of information for cancer patients and researchers and a stimulus for politicians to improve health policy and health-care systems

Search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 in the second Advanced LIGO observing run with an improved hidden Markov model

We present results from a semicoherent search for continuous gravitational waves from the low-mass x-ray binary Scorpius X-1, using a hidden Markov model (HMM) to track spin wandering. This search improves on previous HMM-based searches of LIGO data by using an improved frequency domain matched filter, the J-statistic, and by analyzing data from Advanced LIGO's second observing run. In the frequency range searched, from 60 to 650 Hz, we find no evidence of gravitational radiation. At 194.6 Hz, the most sensitive search frequency, we report an upper limit on gravitational wave strain (at 95% confidence) of h095%=3.47×10-25 when marginalizing over source inclination angle. This is the most sensitive search for Scorpius X-1, to date, that is specifically designed to be robust in the presence of spin wandering. © 2019 American Physical Society

Search for Tensor, Vector, and Scalar Polarizations in the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background

The detection of gravitational waves with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo has enabled novel tests of general relativity, including direct study of the polarization of gravitational waves. While general relativity allows for only two tensor gravitational-wave polarizations, general metric theories can additionally predict two vector and two scalar polarizations. The polarization of gravitational waves is encoded in the spectral shape of the stochastic gravitational-wave background, formed by the superposition of cosmological and individually unresolved astrophysical sources. Using data recorded by Advanced LIGO during its first observing run, we search for a stochastic background of generically polarized gravitational waves. We find no evidence for a background of any polarization, and place the first direct bounds on the contributions of vector and scalar polarizations to the stochastic background. Under log-uniform priors for the energy in each polarization, we limit the energy densities of tensor, vector, and scalar modes at 95% credibility to Ω0T<5.58×10-8, Ω0V<6.35×10-8, and Ω0S<1.08×10-7 at a reference frequency f0=25 Hz. © 2018 American Physical Society

Erratum: "A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo" (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

[no abstract available