103 research outputs found
Le « Jeu des Tours » : apprendre les Maths sur Table Interactive avec objets Tangibles
International audienceNous présentons dans cet article le « Jeu des Tours ». Une application pour la table interactive TangiSense conçue en partenariat avec l'Education Nationale (Circo. Brest-Nord). Ce jeu a pour objectifs d'appréhender les notions de représentation dans l'espace ainsi que la résolution de problÚmes mathématiques en classes primaires. Nous présentons dans un premier temps le jeu, support de notre recherche, puis son implémentation pour notre table interactive avec objets tangibles
Utilisation d'une Table Interactive avec objets Tangibles pour apprendre Ă l'Ă©cole : Ă©tudes empiriques en milieu Ă©cologique
International audienceWe describe in this article the results of three-years study of using a Tangible Tabletop Interface (TTI) for the development of student learning in spatial reasoning abilities. In partnership with the French Department of Education and teachers, we have designed and built a serious game in mathematics, called The Game of Towers for the TangiSense 2 interactive tabletop. Then, we conducted « in the wild » experiments with 68 students. As part of a first study, we compared the learning outcomes of two groups of students (Gr. Traditional vs. Gr. TTI). The results of this study have encouraged us to make a second experiment. In the latter, we analyzed child participation (physical and verbal) and the social modes of knowledge co-construction when they played the game on the TTI. The results showed that students improved their performance by playing the game on the TTI and collaborated through externalization and conflict-oriented consensus.Nous deÌcrivons dans cet article, les reÌsultats de trois anneÌes dâeÌtudes sur lâutilisation dâune Table Interactive avec objets Tangibles (TIT) pour le deÌveloppement des capaciteÌs de raisonnement spatial dâeÌleÌves de Cours PreÌparatoire (CP). Pour cela nous avons, avec lâaide dâenseignants et dâune conseilleÌre peÌdagogique, conçu et deÌveloppeÌ le Jeu des Tours pour la table interactive TangiSense 2. Nous avons ensuite meneÌ des expeÌrimentations en milieu eÌcologique avec 68 eÌleÌves. Dans le cadre dâune premieÌre eÌtude, nous avons compareÌ les reÌsultats dâapprentissage de deux groupes dâeÌleÌves (Gr. Traditionnel vs. Gr. TIT). Les reÌsultats de cette eÌtude nous ont encourageÌ aÌ en reÌaliser une seconde. Dans cette dernieÌre, nous avons analyseÌ la participation des eÌleÌves (physique et verbale) et la manieÌre dont ils construisaient leurs connaissances en groupe lorsquâils jouaient au Jeu des Tours sur la TIT. Les reÌsultats ont montreÌ que les eÌleÌves ameÌlioraient leurs performances en jouant sur la TIT et, collaboraient aÌ travers lâexternalisation et la recherche dâun consensus orienteÌ par le conflit
La Motivation en Situation. Une Revue de Questions en Education Physique
Un ensemble de thĂ©ories cognitives de la motivation sâinscrivant dans le large domaine des Ă©tudes psychologiques sont aujourdâhui disponibles dans la littĂ©rature pour Ă©tudier, expliquer et interprĂ©ter la maniĂšre dont les sujets perçoivent et interprĂštent les activitĂ©s dans lesquelles ils sont engagĂ©s en fonction de leurs besoins psychologiques. Au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es, des chercheurs ont questionnĂ© lâidĂ©e de se centrer en Ă©ducation physique sur un tel domaine plutĂŽt que dâinvestir des questions centrĂ©es sur les contenus spĂ©cifiques de lâĂ©ducation physique. Ils sâappuient sur une approche thĂ©orique de la motivation en situation basĂ©e sur le concept dâintĂ©rĂȘt. Lâobjectif de cet article est de prĂ©senter une revue des questions adressĂ©es dans ce domaine de recherche, dâen dĂ©gager et critiquer les principaux rĂ©sultats et, dâidentifier des implications pour la pratique dâenseignement en Ă©ducation physique.A set of cognitive theories of motivation within the paradigm of educational psychology are available in the research literature to study, explain and interpret the way individuals perceive and interpret activities in which they are engaged based on their psychological needs. Over the last years, some researchers have begun to challenge this paradigm, arguing for physical education content specificity within the examination of learner motivation. Their theoretical framework is based on the concept of interest. The purposes of the article are to present a research review of the literature in this aera, to synthesize and critique research findings, and to suggest implications for teaching in physical education
Impact de la conception dâune situation dâapprentissage en badminton sur lâintĂ©rĂȘt en situation dâĂ©lĂšves du secondaire
Les Ă©tudes basĂ©es sur le cadre thĂ©orique de lâintĂ©rĂȘt ont montrĂ© que les enseignants pouvaient favoriser lâintĂ©rĂȘt en situation des Ă©lĂšves en manipulant les caractĂ©ristiques de leurs situations dâapprentissage. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâexaminer lâimpact de la conception des situations dâapprentissage sur lâintĂ©rĂȘt en situation des Ă©lĂšves en Ă©ducation physique. Les participants Ă©taient 167 Ă©lĂšves du secondaire (MĂąge = 13.21, ET = 2.24, 59 % garçons, de 12 ans Ă 16 ans) qui ont Ă©valuĂ© lâintĂ©rĂȘt en situation dâune situation dâapprentissage en badminton conçue pour promouvoir le plaisir instantanĂ© et lâintention dâexploration. Les Ă©lĂšves ont rĂ©pondu Ă lâĂ©chelle Française de mesure de lâintĂ©rĂȘt en situation immĂ©diatement aprĂšs avoir pratiquĂ© la situation dâapprentissage. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que des Ă©lĂšves sont sensibles aux dimensions de lâintĂ©rĂȘt en situation Ă partir desquelles la situation dâapprentissage avait Ă©tĂ© conçue. De plus, des analyses par cluster rĂ©vĂšlent diffĂ©rents profils dâĂ©lĂšves basĂ©s sur leur score dâintĂ©rĂȘt en situation dans la tĂąche. Ces rĂ©sultats indiquent que lâintĂ©rĂȘt en situation est une fonction des situations dâapprentissage en Ă©ducation physique.Based on the framework of interest, studies have shown that teachers can enhance studentsâ situational interest by manipulating the components of learning tasks. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of learning task design on studentsâ situational interest in physical education. The participants were 167 secondary school students (Mage = 13.21, SD = 2.24, 59% boys, range 12-16) who evaluated the situational interest of a learning task in badminton, designed to promote instant enjoyment and exploration intention. Students responded to the French 19-item situational interest scale immediately after completing the learning task. The results showed that students were receptive to the situational interest sources on which the task was designed. In addition, the cluster analysis revealed different studentsâ profiles based on their situational interest scores in the task. Findings indicated that situational interest is a function of learning task design in PE
THIRD THROUGH FIFTH GRADE STUDENTSâ MENTAL MODELS OF BLOOD CIRCULATION RELATED TO EXERCISE
Studentsâ prior knowledge plays an important role in learning viewed as a conceptual change process. In physical education, positive changes in studentsâ lifestyles may come from changes in their conceptual understanding of the physiological effects of exercise on the body. Among physical education teachers, charged with teaching health content related to physical activity, a better understanding of studentsâ mental models of blood circulation and how it pertains to exercise may be useful in order to promote an effective instruction-induced conceptual change. The purpose of this study was to examine third to fifth grade studentsâ mental models of blood circulation related to exercise. The students (N=107) were interviewed during their regular physical education class on their understanding of blood circulation during exercise. The interviews were analyzed using descriptive and axial coding and the emerging categories and topics were examined. The results revealed an initial mental model (when you exercise, your blood goes everywhere in your body) and three synthetic mental models described through the âblood journeyâ metaphor. These results are discussed in relation to: (a) the gradual nature of studentsâ mental models, (b) the developmental and non-developmental progression of studentsâ mental models, and (c) learning failures during the process of conceptual change
from new space to big space how commercial space dream is becoming a reality
Abstract New space is a misleading expression. Many new trends steer the evolution of space activities. Development of commercial space, with start-ups and space ventures, is one of the most visible trends in space. Stimulated by the first initiatives related to space tourism, access to space and the growing use of small satellites, space activities have attracted new entrepreneurs, both start-ups and big web actors with substantial investment capacity. This revolution started in the Silicon Valley and spread worldwide. Start-ups have attracted around $21.8 billion of investment from 2000 to 2018. It is far below the annual institutional budgets but the pace gained momentum since 2006 and specially 2012. Between teenage crisis and age of reason, New space is now old: the first start-ups shall confirm their promises, while new players pop up and try to find their way. It shakes the legacy players but they demonstrate resilience and adaptation capacity. It is now the right time to take stock of the first lessons learnt. Start-ups disrupt the established industry? Instead of a simplistic shortcut, this paper reports an "organisational ecology" study. With a deliberate industrial viewpoint, its ambition is to help understanding complex evolutions in the space ecosystem. The first part of the paper introduces the current ecosystem, its actors, the key trends and the main types of activities. Through facts and figures on technology, investments and markets, the second part reviews how "new space" trends is preparing the advent of big space. The third part summarises lessons from other industries and typical disruption scenarios that could affect space activities. The drivers of New space are discussed in section four. The last part is a foresight exercise, discussing possible evolutions and impacts, threats and opportunities. The decisive role of institutional actors and the « new New space » with more and more space-faring nations is also highlighted. Something big is happening in space. While it is too early to depict the new landscape, this study shows that the future picture will not be black and white but more colourful. The size and the age of the company are less important than agility, mindset, ability to manage risks and to cooperate. A big vision for the future, from entrepreneurs or from nations, is also needed
Exergaming in a Multiplayer and Inter-Team Competition Mode with Play LĂŒ: Effects on Adolescentsâ Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Situational Interest
Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Play LĂŒ inter-team competition exergame on adolescentsâ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and situational interest (SI).
Materials and Methods: A total of 110 students (Mage = 13.7 ± 1.1, 12-16 years, 53.7 % girls, MBMI = 19.9 ± 3.2) from a secondary school located in Switzerland participated to the study. They played three separate 20-min games in a counterbalance allocated order: (1) Play LĂŒ multiplayer and inter-team competition exergame; (2) Play LĂŒ single-player competition exergame; and (3) Tic-Tac-Toe multiplayer and inter-team competition game. The participantsâ MVPA was measured during each 20-min game using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers and SI was measured immediately after each game.
Results: Regarding Play LĂŒ, the results showed higher MVPA and SI scores in the multiplayer and inter-team competition mode than in the single-player competition mode. Moreover, Play LĂŒ elicited greater effects compared to the Tic-Tac-Toe game within a multiplayer and inter-team competition mode.
Conclusion: The Play LĂŒ inter-team competition exergame might be considered as a relevant strategy to improve adolescentsâ motivation and physical activity, which can be applied in a physical education context
towards disruptions in earth observation new earth observation systems and markets evolution possible scenarios and impacts
Abstract This paper reviews the trends in Earth observation (EO) and the possible impacts on markets of the new initiatives, launched either by existing providers of EO data or by new players, privately funded. After a presentation of the existing models, the paper discusses the new approaches, addressing both commercial and institutional markets. New concepts for the very high resolution markets, in Europe and in the US, are the main focus of this analysis. Two complementary perspectives are summarised: on the one hand, the type of system and its operational performance and, on the other, the related business models, concepts of operation and ownership schemes. Until now, Earth observation systems for the most critical institutional needs are mainly dedicated assets owned and operated by governments or public organisations, often at national level. Even in the case of dual use missions, the governmental and commercial operations are in general fully segregated for the very high resolution satellites. Recent evolutions could affect this paradigm. Firstly, the increased performance of commercial satellites has a high degree of convergence with defence needs: 25â30 cm resolution is now the benchmark or at least a very short term target for commercial missions. The second evolution is the development of hybrid procurement schemes, combining proprietary missions and data buy framework contracts, partly triggered by the budgetary constraints of public customers, some failures in the execution of large spy satellites contracts and by the willingness to foster the competitiveness of industry on the export market. New space is another trend, which is more disruptive. This trend begun in the Silicon Valley and spread worldwide, arousing our expectations, sometimes excessively. This new model involves not only start-ups but also big web actors with substantial investment capacity. Both aim to transforming space into a commodity, taking benefit from the convergence between Information technology and EO. Beside the massive constellations for broadband Internet access, some initiatives have been launched for Earth observation markets, targeting high resolution and high revisit. Last but not least, more and more countries, the newcomers, invest in their own EO capacity, confirming the soft power dimension of space but also opening new opportunities for international or regional cooperation. As many unpredictable events may occur, even in a short time frame, the last part of the paper has a prospective dimension. Based on market trends and industrial stakes, it discusses the realism and likelihood of possible scenarios and identifies their impacts on the EO landscape and the main stakeholders involved, in particular in Europe: â The governmental and institutional actors, using Earth observation data for their operational missions, with an evolving balance between sovereign assets and external services. â The commercial operators of very high resolution satellites, with the new market opportunities and the possible emergence of worldwide champions. â The satellite manufacturers and their competitiveness. â The role of nations and space agencies, including the non-dependence or national sovereignty and international cooperation dimensions. Based on the comparison of three "radical" scenarios, the conclusion shows that there are opportunities for service providers and satellite manufacturers. Even without clear answer to the future industrial, technical and political structure of EO systems, relevant indicators to be monitored during the next three-five years are identified. The last section focuses on Europe and the role of institutions in order to support European champions and small and medium companies in the new worldwide competition
Universality and Uniqueness of Studentsâ Situational Interest in Physical Education: A Comparative Study
Situational interest (SI) has been conceptualized in physical education (PE) as a multidimensional construct including five dimensions: instant enjoyment, exploration intention, attention demand, novelty and challenge. Consistent with Ding, Sun and Chen (2013), who argued for the need âto develop cross-culture models to examine the universality of the motivation constructsâ, the purpose of this study was to investigate the universality and uniqueness of studentsâ SI by comparing three French-speaking PE contexts. Participants were 1812 secondary school students from Belgium, France, and Switzerland. They responded to the French 15-item SI scale and the Total Interest scale (Roure, Pasco & Kermarrec, 2016) after practicing learning tasks in regular PE lessons. The relationships between the SI dimensions and total interest were compared between the three samples using correlation and regression analyses. A multivariate analysis of variance was also used to compare SI scores between the contexts. The results revealed that instant enjoyment and exploration intention were the two major motivating dimensions, highlighting the universality of studentsâ SI, whereas challenge and novelty revealed the uniqueness of this construct explored
LâactivitĂ© dĂ©cisionnelle en phase de contre-attaque en Hockey sur glace
Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de comprendre et de dĂ©crire les processus sous-jacents Ă lâactivitĂ© dĂ©cisionnelle dans des situations dynamiques, câest-Ă -dire incertaines, Ă©volutives, et imposant une forte pression temporelle. Notre travail a consistĂ© Ă analyser lâactivitĂ© de joueurs de hockey-sur-glace en phase naturelle de contre-attaque. Des donnĂ©es comportementales sont enregistrĂ©es auprĂšs de six joueurs experts en hockey-sur-glace, puis complĂ©tĂ©es par des donnĂ©es verbales recueillies lors dâun entretien dâautoconfrontation. Six contre-attaques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es en 5 Ă©tapes : a) la retranscription des donnĂ©es, b) la sĂ©lection et lâidentification des unitĂ©s significatives, c) le dĂ©coupage du dĂ©roulement de lâactivitĂ© en situations vĂ©cues, d) lâidentification des situations et des schĂ©mas, et e) la validitĂ© de lâanalyse. Lâanalyse du contenu des donnĂ©es obtenues permet dâidentifier 10 schĂ©mas activĂ©s par les joueurs experts en situation de forte pression temporelle. Ces schĂ©mas constituent des structures dâarriĂšre-plans articulant des composantes perceptives et cognitives, et qui facilitent la reconnaissance rapide de situations pendant la contre-attaque. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude Ă©clairent en partie la complexitĂ© de lâactivitĂ© dĂ©cisionnelle en situation dynamique et sont discutĂ©s au regard dâautres Ă©tudes sur la prise de dĂ©cision en situation naturelle dans le domaine du sport et de lâergonomie cognitive.The aim of this study was to understand and describe the underlying processes of decision-making in a dynamic situation, i.e. one that was uncertain, gradual and subject to intense time pressure. Our work involved analysing ice hockey playersâ activity in a natural situation of counter-attacking. Behavioural data was recorded from six high-level ice hockey players, supplemented by verbal data collected during self-confrontational interviews. Six counter-attacks were studied. The data were analysed in five stages: (1) generating counter-attack logs, (2) selecting and identifying the elementary units of meaning, (3) analysing the courses of action by dividing up the situations, (4) identifying situations and schemata, and (5) checking the validity of the analysis. An analysis of the data content identified ten schemata used by expert ice hockey players in situations with strict time constraints. These represent the underlying structures which link perceptive and cognitive elements and facilitate the recognition of situations during a counter-attack. The results of this study provide empirical support for the complexity of decision-making in dynamic situations and are discussed with regard to the literature on decision-making in natural situations in the field of sport and cognitive ergonomics
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