Le « Jeu des Tours » : apprendre les Maths sur Table Interactive avec objets Tangibles

International audienceNous présentons dans cet article le « Jeu des Tours ». Une application pour la table interactive TangiSense conçue en partenariat avec l'Education Nationale (Circo. Brest-Nord). Ce jeu a pour objectifs d'appréhender les notions de représentation dans l'espace ainsi que la résolution de problèmes mathématiques en classes primaires. Nous présentons dans un premier temps le jeu, support de notre recherche, puis son implémentation pour notre table interactive avec objets tangibles

Utilisation d'une Table Interactive avec objets Tangibles pour apprendre à l'école : études empiriques en milieu écologique

International audienceWe describe in this article the results of three-years study of using a Tangible Tabletop Interface (TTI) for the development of student learning in spatial reasoning abilities. In partnership with the French Department of Education and teachers, we have designed and built a serious game in mathematics, called The Game of Towers for the TangiSense 2 interactive tabletop. Then, we conducted « in the wild » experiments with 68 students. As part of a first study, we compared the learning outcomes of two groups of students (Gr. Traditional vs. Gr. TTI). The results of this study have encouraged us to make a second experiment. In the latter, we analyzed child participation (physical and verbal) and the social modes of knowledge co-construction when they played the game on the TTI. The results showed that students improved their performance by playing the game on the TTI and collaborated through externalization and conflict-oriented consensus.Nous décrivons dans cet article, les résultats de trois années d’études sur l’utilisation d’une Table Interactive avec objets Tangibles (TIT) pour le développement des capacités de raisonnement spatial d’élèves de Cours Préparatoire (CP). Pour cela nous avons, avec l’aide d’enseignants et d’une conseillère pédagogique, conçu et développé le Jeu des Tours pour la table interactive TangiSense 2. Nous avons ensuite mené des expérimentations en milieu écologique avec 68 élèves. Dans le cadre d’une première étude, nous avons comparé les résultats d’apprentissage de deux groupes d’élèves (Gr. Traditionnel vs. Gr. TIT). Les résultats de cette étude nous ont encouragé à en réaliser une seconde. Dans cette dernière, nous avons analysé la participation des élèves (physique et verbale) et la manière dont ils construisaient leurs connaissances en groupe lorsqu’ils jouaient au Jeu des Tours sur la TIT. Les résultats ont montré que les élèves amélioraient leurs performances en jouant sur la TIT et, collaboraient à travers l’externalisation et la recherche d’un consensus orienté par le conflit

La Motivation en Situation. Une Revue de Questions en Education Physique

Un ensemble de théories cognitives de la motivation s’inscrivant dans le large domaine des études psychologiques sont aujourd’hui disponibles dans la littérature pour étudier, expliquer et interpréter la manière dont les sujets perçoivent et interprètent les activités dans lesquelles ils sont engagés en fonction de leurs besoins psychologiques. Au cours des dernières années, des chercheurs ont questionné l’idée de se centrer en éducation physique sur un tel domaine plutôt que d’investir des questions centrées sur les contenus spécifiques de l’éducation physique. Ils s’appuient sur une approche théorique de la motivation en situation basée sur le concept d’intérêt. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une revue des questions adressées dans ce domaine de recherche, d’en dégager et critiquer les principaux résultats et, d’identifier des implications pour la pratique d’enseignement en éducation physique.A set of cognitive theories of motivation within the paradigm of educational psychology are available in the research literature to study, explain and interpret the way individuals perceive and interpret activities in which they are engaged based on their psychological needs. Over the last years, some researchers have begun to challenge this paradigm, arguing for physical education content specificity within the examination of learner motivation. Their theoretical framework is based on the concept of interest. The purposes of the article are to present a research review of the literature in this aera, to synthesize and critique research findings, and to suggest implications for teaching in physical education

Impact de la conception d’une situation d’apprentissage en badminton sur l’intérêt en situation d’élèves du secondaire

Les études basées sur le cadre théorique de l’intérêt ont montré que les enseignants pouvaient favoriser l’intérêt en situation des élèves en manipulant les caractéristiques de leurs situations d’apprentissage. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner l’impact de la conception des situations d’apprentissage sur l’intérêt en situation des élèves en éducation physique. Les participants étaient 167 élèves du secondaire (Mâge = 13.21, ET = 2.24, 59 % garçons, de 12 ans à 16 ans) qui ont évalué l’intérêt en situation d’une situation d’apprentissage en badminton conçue pour promouvoir le plaisir instantané et l’intention d’exploration. Les élèves ont répondu à l’échelle Française de mesure de l’intérêt en situation immédiatement après avoir pratiqué la situation d’apprentissage. Les résultats montrent que des élèves sont sensibles aux dimensions de l’intérêt en situation à partir desquelles la situation d’apprentissage avait été conçue. De plus, des analyses par cluster révèlent différents profils d’élèves basés sur leur score d’intérêt en situation dans la tâche. Ces résultats indiquent que l’intérêt en situation est une fonction des situations d’apprentissage en éducation physique.Based on the framework of interest, studies have shown that teachers can enhance students’ situational interest by manipulating the components of learning tasks. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of learning task design on students’ situational interest in physical education. The participants were 167 secondary school students (Mage = 13.21, SD = 2.24, 59% boys, range 12-16) who evaluated the situational interest of a learning task in badminton, designed to promote instant enjoyment and exploration intention. Students responded to the French 19-item situational interest scale immediately after completing the learning task. The results showed that students were receptive to the situational interest sources on which the task was designed. In addition, the cluster analysis revealed different students’ profiles based on their situational interest scores in the task. Findings indicated that situational interest is a function of learning task design in PE

THIRD THROUGH FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS’ MENTAL MODELS OF BLOOD CIRCULATION RELATED TO EXERCISE

Students’ prior knowledge plays an important role in learning viewed as a conceptual change process. In physical education, positive changes in students’ lifestyles may come from changes in their conceptual understanding of the physiological effects of exercise on the body. Among physical education teachers, charged with teaching health content related to physical activity, a better understanding of students’ mental models of blood circulation and how it pertains to exercise may be useful in order to promote an effective instruction-induced conceptual change. The purpose of this study was to examine third to fifth grade students’ mental models of blood circulation related to exercise. The students (N=107) were interviewed during their regular physical education class on their understanding of blood circulation during exercise. The interviews were analyzed using descriptive and axial coding and the emerging categories and topics were examined. The results revealed an initial mental model (when you exercise, your blood goes everywhere in your body) and three synthetic mental models described through the ‘blood journey’ metaphor. These results are discussed in relation to: (a) the gradual nature of students’ mental models, (b) the developmental and non-developmental progression of students’ mental models, and (c) learning failures during the process of conceptual change

from new space to big space how commercial space dream is becoming a reality

Abstract New space is a misleading expression. Many new trends steer the evolution of space activities. Development of commercial space, with start-ups and space ventures, is one of the most visible trends in space. Stimulated by the first initiatives related to space tourism, access to space and the growing use of small satellites, space activities have attracted new entrepreneurs, both start-ups and big web actors with substantial investment capacity. This revolution started in the Silicon Valley and spread worldwide. Start-ups have attracted around $21.8 billion of investment from 2000 to 2018. It is far below the annual institutional budgets but the pace gained momentum since 2006 and specially 2012. Between teenage crisis and age of reason, New space is now old: the first start-ups shall confirm their promises, while new players pop up and try to find their way. It shakes the legacy players but they demonstrate resilience and adaptation capacity. It is now the right time to take stock of the first lessons learnt. Start-ups disrupt the established industry? Instead of a simplistic shortcut, this paper reports an "organisational ecology" study. With a deliberate industrial viewpoint, its ambition is to help understanding complex evolutions in the space ecosystem. The first part of the paper introduces the current ecosystem, its actors, the key trends and the main types of activities. Through facts and figures on technology, investments and markets, the second part reviews how "new space" trends is preparing the advent of big space. The third part summarises lessons from other industries and typical disruption scenarios that could affect space activities. The drivers of New space are discussed in section four. The last part is a foresight exercise, discussing possible evolutions and impacts, threats and opportunities. The decisive role of institutional actors and the « new New space » with more and more space-faring nations is also highlighted. Something big is happening in space. While it is too early to depict the new landscape, this study shows that the future picture will not be black and white but more colourful. The size and the age of the company are less important than agility, mindset, ability to manage risks and to cooperate. A big vision for the future, from entrepreneurs or from nations, is also needed

Exergaming in a Multiplayer and Inter-Team Competition Mode with Play Lü: Effects on Adolescents’ Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Situational Interest

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Play Lü inter-team competition exergame on adolescents’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and situational interest (SI). Materials and Methods: A total of 110 students (Mage = 13.7 ± 1.1, 12-16 years, 53.7 % girls, MBMI = 19.9 ± 3.2) from a secondary school located in Switzerland participated to the study. They played three separate 20-min games in a counterbalance allocated order: (1) Play Lü multiplayer and inter-team competition exergame; (2) Play Lü single-player competition exergame; and (3) Tic-Tac-Toe multiplayer and inter-team competition game. The participants’ MVPA was measured during each 20-min game using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers and SI was measured immediately after each game. Results: Regarding Play Lü, the results showed higher MVPA and SI scores in the multiplayer and inter-team competition mode than in the single-player competition mode. Moreover, Play Lü elicited greater effects compared to the Tic-Tac-Toe game within a multiplayer and inter-team competition mode. Conclusion: The Play Lü inter-team competition exergame might be considered as a relevant strategy to improve adolescents’ motivation and physical activity, which can be applied in a physical education context

towards disruptions in earth observation new earth observation systems and markets evolution possible scenarios and impacts

Abstract This paper reviews the trends in Earth observation (EO) and the possible impacts on markets of the new initiatives, launched either by existing providers of EO data or by new players, privately funded. After a presentation of the existing models, the paper discusses the new approaches, addressing both commercial and institutional markets. New concepts for the very high resolution markets, in Europe and in the US, are the main focus of this analysis. Two complementary perspectives are summarised: on the one hand, the type of system and its operational performance and, on the other, the related business models, concepts of operation and ownership schemes. Until now, Earth observation systems for the most critical institutional needs are mainly dedicated assets owned and operated by governments or public organisations, often at national level. Even in the case of dual use missions, the governmental and commercial operations are in general fully segregated for the very high resolution satellites. Recent evolutions could affect this paradigm. Firstly, the increased performance of commercial satellites has a high degree of convergence with defence needs: 25–30 cm resolution is now the benchmark or at least a very short term target for commercial missions. The second evolution is the development of hybrid procurement schemes, combining proprietary missions and data buy framework contracts, partly triggered by the budgetary constraints of public customers, some failures in the execution of large spy satellites contracts and by the willingness to foster the competitiveness of industry on the export market. New space is another trend, which is more disruptive. This trend begun in the Silicon Valley and spread worldwide, arousing our expectations, sometimes excessively. This new model involves not only start-ups but also big web actors with substantial investment capacity. Both aim to transforming space into a commodity, taking benefit from the convergence between Information technology and EO. Beside the massive constellations for broadband Internet access, some initiatives have been launched for Earth observation markets, targeting high resolution and high revisit. Last but not least, more and more countries, the newcomers, invest in their own EO capacity, confirming the soft power dimension of space but also opening new opportunities for international or regional cooperation. As many unpredictable events may occur, even in a short time frame, the last part of the paper has a prospective dimension. Based on market trends and industrial stakes, it discusses the realism and likelihood of possible scenarios and identifies their impacts on the EO landscape and the main stakeholders involved, in particular in Europe: – The governmental and institutional actors, using Earth observation data for their operational missions, with an evolving balance between sovereign assets and external services. – The commercial operators of very high resolution satellites, with the new market opportunities and the possible emergence of worldwide champions. – The satellite manufacturers and their competitiveness. – The role of nations and space agencies, including the non-dependence or national sovereignty and international cooperation dimensions. Based on the comparison of three "radical" scenarios, the conclusion shows that there are opportunities for service providers and satellite manufacturers. Even without clear answer to the future industrial, technical and political structure of EO systems, relevant indicators to be monitored during the next three-five years are identified. The last section focuses on Europe and the role of institutions in order to support European champions and small and medium companies in the new worldwide competition

Universality and Uniqueness of Students’ Situational Interest in Physical Education: A Comparative Study

Situational interest (SI) has been conceptualized in physical education (PE) as a multidimensional construct including five dimensions: instant enjoyment, exploration intention, attention demand, novelty and challenge. Consistent with Ding, Sun and Chen (2013), who argued for the need ‘to develop cross-culture models to examine the universality of the motivation constructs’, the purpose of this study was to investigate the universality and uniqueness of students’ SI by comparing three French-speaking PE contexts. Participants were 1812 secondary school students from Belgium, France, and Switzerland. They responded to the French 15-item SI scale and the Total Interest scale (Roure, Pasco & Kermarrec, 2016) after practicing learning tasks in regular PE lessons. The relationships between the SI dimensions and total interest were compared between the three samples using correlation and regression analyses. A multivariate analysis of variance was also used to compare SI scores between the contexts. The results revealed that instant enjoyment and exploration intention were the two major motivating dimensions, highlighting the universality of students’ SI, whereas challenge and novelty revealed the uniqueness of this construct explored

L’activité décisionnelle en phase de contre-attaque en Hockey sur glace

L’objectif de cette étude était de comprendre et de décrire les processus sous-jacents à l’activité décisionnelle dans des situations dynamiques, c’est-à-dire incertaines, évolutives, et imposant une forte pression temporelle. Notre travail a consisté à analyser l’activité de joueurs de hockey-sur-glace en phase naturelle de contre-attaque. Des données comportementales sont enregistrées auprès de six joueurs experts en hockey-sur-glace, puis complétées par des données verbales recueillies lors d’un entretien d’autoconfrontation. Six contre-attaques ont été étudiées. Les données ont été analysées en 5 étapes : a) la retranscription des données, b) la sélection et l’identification des unités significatives, c) le découpage du déroulement de l’activité en situations vécues, d) l’identification des situations et des schémas, et e) la validité de l’analyse. L’analyse du contenu des données obtenues permet d’identifier 10 schémas activés par les joueurs experts en situation de forte pression temporelle. Ces schémas constituent des structures d’arrière-plans articulant des composantes perceptives et cognitives, et qui facilitent la reconnaissance rapide de situations pendant la contre-attaque. Les résultats de cette étude éclairent en partie la complexité de l’activité décisionnelle en situation dynamique et sont discutés au regard d’autres études sur la prise de décision en situation naturelle dans le domaine du sport et de l’ergonomie cognitive.The aim of this study was to understand and describe the underlying processes of decision-making in a dynamic situation, i.e. one that was uncertain, gradual and subject to intense time pressure. Our work involved analysing ice hockey players’ activity in a natural situation of counter-attacking. Behavioural data was recorded from six high-level ice hockey players, supplemented by verbal data collected during self-confrontational interviews. Six counter-attacks were studied. The data were analysed in five stages: (1) generating counter-attack logs, (2) selecting and identifying the elementary units of meaning, (3) analysing the courses of action by dividing up the situations, (4) identifying situations and schemata, and (5) checking the validity of the analysis. An analysis of the data content identified ten schemata used by expert ice hockey players in situations with strict time constraints. These represent the underlying structures which link perceptive and cognitive elements and facilitate the recognition of situations during a counter-attack. The results of this study provide empirical support for the complexity of decision-making in dynamic situations and are discussed with regard to the literature on decision-making in natural situations in the field of sport and cognitive ergonomics