871 research outputs found
Karotinok termeltetésének befolyásolása és fokozása járomspórás gombákban = Improving carotene production in zygomycetous fungi
A pályázati program cĂ©lja karotintermelĹ‘ járomspĂłrás gombák, mindenekelĹ‘tt a Mucor circinelloides, karotin bioszintĂ©zisĂ©nek mĂłdosĂtása volt rekombináns technikák alkalmazásával. A kutatási program rĂ©szekĂ©nt vizsgáltuk a karotin tĂşltermeltetĂ©s lehetĹ‘sĂ©geit, pl. a gĂ©n dĂłzis hatás elve alapján, Ă©s Ăşj, Ă©rtĂ©kes karotinoid származĂ©kok (pl. asztaxantin, kantaxantin Ă©s más xantofillok) termelĂ©sĂ©re alkalmas törzseket prĂłbáltunk előállĂtani Ă©s jellemezni. A kutatási program során izoláltuk Ă©s rĂ©szletesen jellemeztĂĽk a Rhizomucor miehei HMG-KoA reduktáz, valamint a M. circinelloides izopentenil pirofoszfát izomeráz gĂ©njĂ©t. A mevalonsav-izoprĂ©n bioszintĂ©zis Ăşt mĂłdosĂtására alkalmas transzformáciĂłs vektorokat kĂ©szĂtettĂĽnk, melyekkel sikerĂĽlt karotin tĂşltermelĹ‘ mutánsokat lĂ©trehozni, mind autonĂłm replikatĂv, mind integratĂv transzformáciĂłval. Bakteriális bĂ©ta-karotin ketoláz gĂ©nt gombában expresszáltatva xantofilltermelĹ‘ M. circinelloides törzseket kĂ©szĂtettĂĽnk Ă©s vizsgáltuk asztaxantin, kantaxantin Ă©s más karotinoidok termeltetĂ©sĂ©nek lehetĹ‘sĂ©gĂ©t. Mintegy 30 gombafajt reprezentálĂł termĂ©szetes izolátumok karotinoid összetĂ©telĂ©t is elemeztĂĽk Ă©s Ăşj potenciális termelĹ‘ mikrobákat azonosĂtottunk. Ăšj mĂłdszereket dolgoztunk ki a járomspĂłrás gombák transzformáciĂłjára Ă©s a karotintermelĂ©s elemzĂ©sĂ©re vonatkozĂłan. A kidolgozott eljárások, a lĂ©trehozott nagyszámĂş expressziĂłs vektor Ă©s a mĂłdosĂtott gombatörzsekbĹ‘l lĂ©trehozott mutánspark a további alap- Ă©s alkalmazott kutatások alapját kĂ©pezhetik. | The aim of the project was the modification of the carotenoid production of Zygomycetes fungi, especially of Mucor circinelloides, using recombinant techniques. Possibilities of the development of carotene superproducing strains based on the over-expression of the mevalonate-isoprenoid pathway were examined. Experiments to develop and characterize strains able to produce new carotenoids, such as astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and other xanthophylls were also performed. In the frame of the study, HMG-CoA reductase gene of Rhizomucor miehei and isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase gene of M. circinelloides were cloned and functionally analysed. Several expression vectors useful to modify the mevalonate-isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway were constructed and strains overproducing different carotenoids were successfully created with them (via both autoreplicative and integrative transformation systems). M. circinelloides strains producing different xanthophylls were developed via heterologous expression of bacterial beta-carotene ketolases. Carotenoid production of isolates representing about 30 Zygomycetes species was analysed in detail identifying strains as potential new producers. New methods were elaborated for the genetic transformation of Zygomycetes and for the analysis of their carotenoid production. The new methods, the transformation vectors and the modified strains developed during the project can be used in the further basic and applied studies
Multiplicity Dependence in the Non-Extensive Hadronization Model Calculated by the HIJING++ Framework
The non-extensive statistical description of the identified final state
particles measured in high energy collisions is well-known by its wide range of
applicability. However, there are many open questions that need to be answered,
including but not limited to, the question of the observed mass scaling of
massive hadrons or the size and multiplicity dependence of the model
parameters. This latter is especially relevant, since currently the amount of
available experimental data with high multiplicity at small systems is very
limited. This contribution has two main goals: On the one hand we provide a
status report of the ongoing tuning of the soon-to-be-released HIJING++ Monte
Carlo event generator. On the other hand, the role of multiplicity dependence
of the parameters in the non-extensive hadronization model is investigated with
HIJING++ calculations. We present cross-check comparisons of HIJING++ with
existing experimental data to verify its validity in our range of interest as
well as calculations at high-multiplicity regions where we have insufficient
experimental data.Comment: This paper is based on the talk at the 18th Zim\'anyi School,
Budapest, Hungary, 3-7 December 201
A new and asymptotically optimally contracting coupling for the random walk Metropolis
The reflection-maximal coupling of the random walk Metropolis (RWM) algorithm
was recently proposed for use within unbiased MCMC. Numerically, when the
target is spherical this coupling has been shown to perform well even in high
dimensions. We derive high-dimensional ODE limits for Gaussian targets, which
confirm this behaviour in the spherical case. However, we then extend our
theory to the elliptical case and find that as the dimension increases the
reflection coupling performs increasingly poorly relative to the mixing of the
underlying RWM chains. To overcome this obstacle, we introduce gradient common
random number (GCRN) couplings, which leverage gradient information. We show
that the behaviour of GCRN couplings does not break down with the ellipticity
or dimension. Moreover, we show that GCRN couplings are asymptotically optimal
for contraction, in a sense which we make precise, and scale in proportion to
the mixing of the underling RWM chains. Numerically, we apply GCRN couplings
for convergence and bias quantification, and demonstrate that our theoretical
findings extend beyond the Gaussian case.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figure
Analysis of a mechanical mixer performance in anoxic reactor
Denitrification is a key process in wastewater treatment since it is responsible for the effective nutrient removal. It requires anoxic conditions, where only chemically bound nitrogen is used as an oxygen source, and no aeration is applied. In suspended biomass systems the growth and homogenization of biomass is essential, high degree of mixing is required, which is achieved only by using mechanical mixers. Mechanical mixing performance relies on the mixing power determined by the equipment dimensions and rotational speed. In this paper the effect of three different rotational speed (rpm: 100, 400, 900 min-1) on flow field and mixing conditions are evaluated. As a result of the simulations, the acceptable flow field was achieved at 400 rpm. The outcome of this research is that the high degree of energy transfer from mixers to fluid flow deteriorated mixing efficiency
Az ÖMKi on-farm kutatási hálózata
Az Ă–MKi 2012-ben kezdte meg az on-farm kutatási programját. Az on-farm kutatási hálĂłzat nem más, mint a hazai ökolĂłgiai gazdaságokban megvalĂłsulĂł ĂĽzemi kĂsĂ©rletek rendszere. Életszerű helyzetekben kivitelezett, egyszerű kĂsĂ©rletek beállĂtását jelenti működĹ‘ gazdaságokban, illeszkedve a gazdálkodĂłk által meghatározott termelĂ©si cĂ©lokhoz. A kĂsĂ©rletek tĂ©máját a rĂ©sztvevĹ‘ gazdaságokkal közösen alakĂtjuk ki. A megvalĂłsĂtás során nincsenek - nem is lehetnek - szigorĂşan kontrollált, egy változĂłra szűkĂtett körĂĽlmĂ©nyek, hanem a mindennapi Ă©let változatos gyakorlatában teszteljĂĽk, hogy adott fajta, kĂ©szĂtmĂ©ny vagy Ă©ppen magkeverĂ©k mikĂ©pp teljesĂt. A hálĂłzatban rĂ©sztvevĹ‘ gazdák Ăgy közvetlenĂĽl a saját termĹ‘terĂĽletĂĽkrĹ‘l Ă©s termesztĂ©stechnolĂłgiájukrĂłl kapnak visszajelzĂ©st. Ugyanakkor, mivel egy-egy tĂ©mában több, egymástĂłl igen eltĂ©rĹ‘ adottságĂş gazdaságban állĂtunk be kĂsĂ©rletet, az eredmĂ©nyek átfogĂłbb kĂ©pet adnak a hazai ökolĂłgiai termesztĂ©si gyakorlatrĂłl Ă©s az egyes esetekben alkalmazhatĂł megoldásokrĂłl
Új jelátviteli útvonalak vizsgálata a fogfejlődés során: a Toll-like receptor 4 és a Hősokk fehérje 60 feltételezett szerepe.
ElĹ‘zetesen cĂ©lul tűztĂĽk ki, hogy kimutassuk a jelenlĂ©tĂ©t Ă©s lehetsĂ©ges szerepĂ©t a Toll-like receptor 4-nek a fogfejlĹ‘dĂ©s során, illetve hogy detektáljuk egy endogĂ©n ligandját (Hsp 60) ennek a receptornak, melyek feltĂ©telezhetĹ‘en szerepet játszik fejlĹ‘dĂ©stani folyamatokban. EredmĂ©nyeink alapján az alábbiakat kijelenthetjĂĽk: A TLR4 a fogfejlĹ‘dĂ©s során a sapka stádiumtĂłl kifejezĹ‘dik, legnagyobb mennyisĂ©gben a zománcszerv struktĂşráiban. A TLR4 aktiválása LPS-sel nem okozott morfolĂłgiai eltĂ©rĂ©st, de csökkentette a mineralizáciĂł mĂ©rtĂ©kĂ©t, illetve az ameloblasztok Ă©rĂ©sĂ©t elĹ‘segĂtette. A lehetsĂ©ges ligand (Hsp 60) a fogfejlĹ‘dĂ©s elsĹ‘ napjátĂłl kifejezĹ‘dik, habár a zománcszerveben találhatĂł nagy mennyisĂ©gben. A Hsp 60 abnormális tompa csĂşcsi rĂ©szt okozott a fogfejlĹ‘dĂ©s során, azonban a sejtek osztĂłdását nem befolyásolta. Ă–sszefoglalva elmondhatjuk, hogy sikerĂĽlt leĂrni a Hsp 60 Ă©s TLR4 kifejezĹ‘dĂ©si mintázatát, de az eltĂ©rĹ‘ hatásaik alapján a pontos jelátviteli Ăştvonal feltĂ©rkĂ©pezĂ©se további vizsgálatokat igĂ©nyelnek.Our goal was to identify the presence and possible role of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling cascade under tooth development and find any endogenous ligand (Hsp 60) of it, which may take a part under the developmental processes. According to our finding we declare the followings: The TLR4 is expressed from the cap stage of the tooth development and is present in high concentration in the structures of enamel organ. The activation of it with LPS did not caused any morphological alternation, but LPS treatments decreased the mineralization of the tooth germ and accelerated the differentiation of the ameloblasts. A possible ligand (Hsp 60) is expressed from the first day of tooth development. However the enamel organ contained it in high concentration in later stages. The Hsp 60 caused abnormal blunt distal part of the tooth germ, but did not affect proliferation rate of the dental cells. As a conclusion we described the expression pattern of the Hsp 60 and TLR4, but according to the different effects of these molecules the exact signaling pathway is not clear in details.d
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