Implementación de un programa de mantenimiento basado en la metodología de diagnóstico de fallas por síntomas para incrementar la confiabilidad de los camiones Komatsu 730E de la compañía minera Misky Mayo

El objetivo general de este trabajo, es incrementar la confiabilidad de los camiones Komatsu 730E de la Compañía Minera Misky Mayo. Para lograrlo, se realizó un diagnóstico recopilando información y verificando el estado, comportamiento y funcionamiento durante su operación, para conocer la situación operativa de los camiones Komatsu 730E. Luego se aplicó la técnica de causa efecto para determinar las fallas. Se estableció como hipótesis generalque, con la implementación de un programa de mantenimiento basado en la metodología de diagnóstico por fallas por síntomas se podrá incrementar confiabilidad de los camiones de Komatsu 730E. Para ello la población estuvo conformada por 20 camiones mineros Komatsu 730E. Para su análisis se realizó un estudio experimental con un diseño de investigación de pre test y post test. En cuanto a la recolección de datos se utilizaron formatos para determinar las causas y efectos de fallas, control e inspección, tiempo medio entre fallas, tiempode reparación de fallas. Finalmente se realizó un análisis de los resultados obtenidos y con ellos las conclusiones para mejorar el funcionamiento de los camiones Komatsu 730E. El beneficio que aportó el siguiente trabajo fue incrementar la confiabilidad de los camiones Komatsu 730E de 53%a 66% logrando así alcanzar el objetivo propuesto

Diseño construcción y primeros ensayos de invernadero en El Rosal, provincia de Salta

Se construyó un invernadero en la escuela de El Rosal, en la puna salteña, para la producción a pequeña escala de verduras. En el diseño, similar al de otros invernaderos existentes en la zona, se incorporaron mejoras en la técnica constructiva, los materiales, la forma del techo, aislaciones, ventilaciónes y sistema de acumulación térmica Se instaló un sistema automático de toma de datos y se tomaron las primeras medidas de temperaturas y radiación solar en invierno. Se presentan en el trabajo los detalles de diseño, las mediciones realizadas y conclusiones preliminares.A greenhouse prototipe was built in “El Rosal”, nortwhest argentinian mountains, in order to cultivate vegetals. Design incorporate some inprovements as eliptic roof profile, thermal insulatios and thermal storage. A data logger was instaled in order to get measures of temperatures and solar radiatión flux. These paper deals about design details, first measures and preliminary conclutions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Diseño construcción y primeros ensayos de invernadero en El Rosal, provincia de Salta

Se construyó un invernadero en la escuela de El Rosal, en la puna salteña, para la producción a pequeña escala de verduras. En el diseño, similar al de otros invernaderos existentes en la zona, se incorporaron mejoras en la técnica constructiva, los materiales, la forma del techo, aislaciones, ventilaciónes y sistema de acumulación térmica Se instaló un sistema automático de toma de datos y se tomaron las primeras medidas de temperaturas y radiación solar en invierno. Se presentan en el trabajo los detalles de diseño, las mediciones realizadas y conclusiones preliminares.A greenhouse prototipe was built in “El Rosal”, nortwhest argentinian mountains, in order to cultivate vegetals. Design incorporate some inprovements as eliptic roof profile, thermal insulatios and thermal storage. A data logger was instaled in order to get measures of temperatures and solar radiatión flux. These paper deals about design details, first measures and preliminary conclutions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Diseño construcción y primeros ensayos de invernadero en El Rosal, provincia de Salta

Se construyó un invernadero en la escuela de El Rosal, en la puna salteña, para la producción a pequeña escala de verduras. En el diseño, similar al de otros invernaderos existentes en la zona, se incorporaron mejoras en la técnica constructiva, los materiales, la forma del techo, aislaciones, ventilaciónes y sistema de acumulación térmica Se instaló un sistema automático de toma de datos y se tomaron las primeras medidas de temperaturas y radiación solar en invierno. Se presentan en el trabajo los detalles de diseño, las mediciones realizadas y conclusiones preliminares.A greenhouse prototipe was built in “El Rosal”, nortwhest argentinian mountains, in order to cultivate vegetals. Design incorporate some inprovements as eliptic roof profile, thermal insulatios and thermal storage. A data logger was instaled in order to get measures of temperatures and solar radiatión flux. These paper deals about design details, first measures and preliminary conclutions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Multidimensional evaluation of the pain profile as prognostic factor in individuals with hip or knee osteoarthritis receiving total joint replacement:protocol of a 2-year longitudinal prognostic cohort study

INTRODUCTION: Knee and hip osteoarthritis are two highly prevalent musculoskeletal pain conditions. Unsuccessful rates after hip/knee replacement range from 10% to 20%. Subjects with sensitisation manifestations are vulnerable to worse clinical outcomes. Most studies have analysed outcomes up to 1 year after surgery. The aim of this 2-year longitudinal study will be to evaluate sensory-related, psychological and psychophysical pain sensitisation manifestations and a potential epigenetic biomarker as prognostic clinical outcomes for the development of chronic postoperative pain after knee or hip replacement.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A prospective longitudinal study with a 2-year follow-up period will be conducted. The prognostic variables will include pain, function, related-disability, anxiety, depression, quality of life, sensitisation-associated symptoms, kinesiophobia, neuropathic pain and catastrophising, and expectative of the intervention will be assessed before surgery. We will also evaluate the presence of the Val158Met polymorphism as a possible epigenetic marker. Clinical outcomes including pain, related-disability and self-perceived satisfaction, sensitisation-associated symptoms and neuropathic pain will be assessed 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after surgery. These variables will be used to construct three prediction models: (1) pain and function, (2) sensitisation-associated symptomatology and (3) neuropathic pain features classifying those patients in responders and non-responders. Data from knee or hip osteoarthritis will be analysed separately. Statistical analyses will be conducted with logistic regressions.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of both institutions involved (Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA) 19-141 and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) 0312201917319). Participants will sign the written informed consent before their inclusion. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific meetings.</p

Referred pain from myofascial trigger points in head and neck–shoulder muscles reproduces head pain features in children with chronic tension type headache

Our aim was to describe the referred pain pattern and areas from trigger points (TrPs) in head, neck, and shoulder muscles in children with chronic tension type headache (CTTH). Fifty children (14 boys, 36 girls, mean age: 8 ± 2) with CTTH and 50 age- and sex- matched children participated. Bilateral temporalis, masseter, superior oblique, upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, suboccipital, and levator scapula muscles were examined for TrPs by an assessor blinded to the children’s condition. TrPs were identified with palpation and considered active when local and referred pains reproduce headache pain attacks. The referred pain areas were drawn on anatomical maps, digitalized, and also measured. The total number of TrPs was significantly greater in children with CTTH as compared to healthy children (P < 0.001). Active TrPs were only present in children with CTTH (P < 0.001). Within children with CTTH, a significant positive association between the number of active TrPs and headache duration (rs = 0.315; P = 0.026) was observed: the greater the number of active TrPs, the longer the duration of headache attack. Significant differences in referred pain areas between groups (P < 0.001) and muscles (P < 0.001) were found: the referred pain areas were larger in CTTH children (P < 0.001), and the referred pain area elicited by suboccipital TrPs was larger than the referred pain from the remaining TrPs (P < 0.001). Significant positive correlations between some headache clinical parameters and the size of the referred pain area were found. Our results showed that the local and referred pains elicited from active TrPs in head, neck and shoulder shared similar pain pattern as spontaneous CTTH in children, supporting a relevant role of active TrPs in CTTH in children

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (&gt;66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution