Criterios de implementación ISO 14000:2015 Caso Estudio Sector Aluminios Yudaesma

El propósito de este trabajo es proporcionar a la Organización Aluminios YUDAESMA el marco de referencia para prevenir la contaminación ambiental y atender los requisitos legales aplicables al proceso. Las bases para la aplicación del Sistema de Gestión Ambiental se encuentran documentadas tales como la definición de contexto de la organización, partes interesadas y gestión estratégica teniendo en cuenta los lineamiento de la norma NTC-ISO 14001:2015, este Sistema de Gestión proporciona información a la Alta Dirección para generar estrategias de desarrollo sostenible por medio de la mitigación de aspectos e impactos ambientales, el cumplimiento de lo requisitos legales y otros adoptados de acuerdo a las necesidades y expectativas de las partes interesadas, la mejora del desempeño ambiental usando una perspectiva de ciclo de vida para generar control e influencia en la cadena de suministro. Hemos estructurado el análisis del impacto ambiental que Aluminios YUDAESMA genera en el desarrollo de su actividad productiva que consiste en reciclaje y reintegración del aluminio de segundo uso, este proceso promueve la disminución de la carga de los rellenos sanitarios, genera empleos y aprovecha el material para la generación de productos o subproductos del aluminio. Una vez realizada la revisión de los procesos a la luz de los aspectos e impactos ambientales se han propuesto los programas ambientales para el Agua, Energía, Residuos, Gestión Atmosférica, Vertimientos, Requisitos Legales y otros, que tienen como finalidad la adopción de buenas prácticas ambientales y a largo plazo la sostenibilidad de la empresa Aluminios YUDAESMA.The purpose of this work is to provide the Aluminios YUDAESMA Organization with the frame of reference to prevent environmental contamination and meet the legal requirements applicable to the process. The bases for the application of the Environmental Management System are documented such as the definition of the organization's context, stakeholders and strategic management, taking into account the guidelines of the NTC-ISO 14001: 2015 standard, this Management System provides information to Senior Management to generate sustainable development strategies through the mitigation of environmental aspects and impacts, compliance with legal requirements and others adopted according to the needs and expectations of the interested parties, the improvement of environmental performance using a perspective of life cycle to generate control and influence in the supply chain. We have structured the analysis of the environmental impact that Aluminios YUDAESMA generates in the development of its productive activity that consists of recycling and reintegration of second-use aluminum, this process promotes the reduction of the load of sanitary landfills, generates jobs and takes advantage of the material to the generation of aluminum products or by-products. Once the processes have been reviewed in the light of environmental aspects and impacts, environmental programs have been proposed for Water, Energy, Waste, Atmospheric Management, Discharges, Legal Requirements and others, whose purpose is to adopt good practices environmental and long-term sustainability of the company Aluminios YUDAESMA

A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance

We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.Funding: the Tri-I Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (CBM) funded by NIH grant 1T32GM083937; GitHub; Philip Blood and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant number ACI-1548562 and NSF award number ACI-1445606; NASA (NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G), the NIH (R01AI151059, R25EB020393, R21AI129851, R35GM138152, U01DA053941); STARR Foundation (I13- 0052); LLS (MCL7001-18, LLS 9238-16, LLS-MCL7001-18); the NSF (1840275); the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151054); the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2015-13964); Swiss National Science Foundation grant number 407540_167331; NIH award number UL1TR000457; the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Stockholm Health Authority grant SLL 20160933; the Institut Pasteur Korea; an NRF Korea grant (NRF-2014K1A4A7A01074645, 2017M3A9G6068246); the CONICYT Fondecyt Iniciación grants 11140666 and 11160905; Keio University Funds for Individual Research; funds from the Yamagata prefectural government and the city of Tsuruoka; JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K10436; the bilateral AT-UA collaboration fund (WTZ:UA 02/2019; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, UA:M/84-2019, M/126-2020); Kyiv Academic Univeristy; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine project numbers 0118U100290 and 0120U101734; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017; the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya; the CRG-Novartis-Africa mobility program 2016; research funds from National Cheng Kung University and the Ministry of Science and Technology; Taiwan (MOST grant number 106-2321-B-006-016); we thank all the volunteers who made sampling NYC possible, Minciencias (project no. 639677758300), CNPq (EDN - 309973/2015-5), the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science – MOE, ECNU, the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through project 11215017, National Key RD Project of China (2018YFE0201603), and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) (L.S.