Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Análise de série temporal da hanseníase no estado do Pará

Objective: Analysing a time series of new cases detected of Leprosy in the State of Pará, checking epidemiological trends according to the observated variables of the disease. Methods: Ecological observational design of detection historical series of Leprosy cases with use of secondary data from the National Notifiable Diseases System. The detection rates and the general variables in studies and estimated the trends of the time series were calculated. The State of Pará data were compared to the States of Mato Grosso State and Rio Grande do Sul. Results: The detection rate in Pará in 2014 was 4,84 per 10.000 inhabitants, with 32.177 cases detected in the period 2008-2014, estimating a trend annual growth rate of -12.71%. The proportion of children under 15 years of age was 10.4%, the largest in Brazil. Higher frequency of MB cases (65,2%) and Borderline clinical form (45,2%) was deteceted. Conclusion: The detection of new cases of leprosy is mainly in adult men, poorly educated and living in urban areas. The downward trend in case detection of the disease is different from stationary trend in the State of Mato Grosso. However, the trend of leprosy cases in children and adolescents in the State of Pará is stationary.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorObjetivo: analisar uma série temporal de detecção de casos novos de Hanseníase no Estado do Pará, verificando as tendências epidemiológicas de acordo com as variáveis de observação da doença. Metodologia: delineamento observacional ecológico de série histórica de detecção de casos de Hanseníase no Estado do Pará com uso de dados secundários do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação. Foram calculados os coeficientes de detecção da Hanseníase geral e pelas variáveis em estudos e estimadas as tendências das séries temporais. Os dados do Estado do Pará foram comparados aos Estados do Estado do Mato Grosso e do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: o coeficiente de detecção no Pará, em 2014, foi de 4,84 por 10.000 habitantes, com 32.177 casos detectados no período de 2008 a 2014, sendo estimado uma tendência de crescimento anual de -12,71%. A proporção em menores de 15 anos de idade foi de 10,4%, sendo a maior do Brasil. Maior frequência de casos Multibacilares (65,2%) na forma clínica Dimorfa (45,2%). Conclusão: a detecção de casos novos da Hanseníase é principalmente em homens adultos, de baixa escolaridade e residentes em áreas urbanas. A tendência de declínio na detecção de casos da doença é diferente da tendência estacionária no Estado do Mato Grosso. Entretanto, a tendência de casos da Hanseníase em crianças e adolescentes no Estado do Pará é estacionária

Dental Caries Prevalence in the Children of the District of Mosqueiro in the City of Belém, State of Pará, Brazil

Objective: The study had the objective to check the dental caries prevalence in the children attend by the communitarian agents of health of the Program Health of the Family of the District of Mosqueiro, City of Belém, State of Pará, Brazil, with the purpose of subsidizing the projection of the actions of promotion, prevention and treatment of the staff of oral health. Method: 887 children were examined in the age groups from 18 to 36 months, 5 years and 12 years of age in accordance with the standards recommended by the WHO, checking the events of the caries in the studied population. Results: The caries prevalence in the population of the district of Mosqueiro to 18-36 months of age was 31.68%, progressing in spite of passing the ages, brought near attacking 63.69% of the 12-year-old children. The decayed, to be extracted, filled index (DEF index) to five years found in Mosqueiro went of 3.57 and the decayed, missing, filled index (DMF index) to 12 years went of 1,80. Regarding the marks proposed by the World Health Organization for the year of 2000, the reached only one was in the age of 12-year-old children, in which the DMF index of 1,80 was less than three. Conclusion: The caries prevalence in the population of Mosqueiro is due to implement effective actions for the control of the disease in this territory

O modelo de vigilância da água e a divulgação de indicadores de concentração de fluoreto

RESUMO A vigilância da água é uma estratégia essencial para assegurar padrões de segurança e qualidade para o consumo humano. Entre os parâmetros de qualidade, destaca-se o fluoreto. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o modelo de vigilância da qualidade da água e apresentar uma proposta de indicadores e disseminação das informações à população com relação ao parâmetro fluoreto. Com base nas principais evidências científicas, explica-se a importância de se manter o parâmetro sob controle nos sistemas de abastecimento e apresenta-se uma descrição sumária do modelo de vigilância da água no Brasil, mostrando que o desenho não oferece indicadores para monitorar longitudinalmente o parâmetro nem a visibilidade a todos os que têm direito à informação. Em seguida, apresentam-se as bases técnicas e operacionais do Sistema de Vigilância da Fluoretação da Água de Abastecimento Público, uma proposta para aprimoramento do modelo. Indicadores para disseminação das informações são descritos, argumentando-se que o País dispõe de recursos e condições para superar a precariedade das informações sobre a concentração de fluoreto e sobre a cobertura da fluoretação da água em todas as unidades do território nacional

Prevalência do papilomavírus humano (HPV) em Belém, Pará, Brasil, na cavidade oral de indivíduos sem lesões clinicamente diagnosticáveis

Trata-se de um estudo transversal com o objetivo de verificar a prevalência do HPV na cavidade oral de indivíduos sem lesões clinicamente diagnosticáveis e quais são os tipos encontrados neles. Foram analisadas 166 amostras em pacientes maiores de 18 anos de idade, residentes no Estado do Pará, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas por meio de raspado com escova estéril na cavidade oral. Para a detecção da presença do HPV, foi utilizada a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As amostras infectadas pelo HPV foram tipadas para HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52 e 58. Os resultados encontrados indicaram a presença de HPV em 40 amostras (24,1%). Três amostras (7,5%) foram positivas para HPV 6; cinco (12,5%), para HPV 18; e uma (2,5%), para HPV 58