242 research outputs found
Comparaci\uf3n entre l\uedneas y efecto del almacenamiento en refrigeraci\uf3n en los l\uedpidos de la carne de conejo
A complex case of interaction between lizard and plants. The dead horse arum (Dracunculus muscivorus) and the Balearic lizard (Podarcis lilfordi)
Schwartz - Zippelov teorem i neke njegove primjene
U ovom radu izložen je rezultat poznat pod nazivom Schwartz - Zippelova lema ili Schwartz - Zippelov teorem. Tema rada pripada pretežno algebri, ali ima značajne primjene u drugim matematičkim područjima kao što je na primjer teorija algoritama, te kombinatorika. Rad se sastoji od tri poglavlja. U uvodu je ukratko opisana tema i cilj rada. Prvo poglavlje sadrži kratku povijest nastanka teorema, različite oblike rezultata pojedinih autora, te kratki opis pojmova korištenih u samom radu. Drugo poglavlje sastoji se od iskaza i dokaza Schwartz - Zippelovog teorema, a u trećem poglavlju izložene su neke primjene tog teorema na probleme koji se mogu svesti na testiranje jednakosti polinoma. Takvi su, primjerice, problem postojanja savršenog sparivanja u grafu i ispitivanje svojstva asocijativnosti u grupoidu. Uz svaku primjenu navedeni su i prikladni primjeri.In this diploma thesis we present the result usually called the Schwartz-Zippel lemma or the Schwartz-Zippel theorem. The nature of this theorem is basically algebraic, but it has significant applications in other areas of mathematics, such as the theory of algorithms and combinatorial theory. The thesis consists of three chapters. The main theme and objective are briefly described in the introduction. The first chapter contains a short history of the theorem’s origins, various forms of the main results by different authors and some comments of basic concepts related to this topic. The statement and a proof of the Schwartz-Zippel theorem are given in the second chapter, together with the general outline of its applications. The third and final chapter consists of some applications to problems which can be reduced to polynomial identity testing, including the existence of a perfect matching in a graph and testing of the associativity property in a groupoi
Scaling-up batch conditions for efficient sucrose hydrolysis catalyzed by an immobilized recombinant Pichia pastoris cells in a stirrer tank reactor
Background: Invert sugar is used greatly in food and pharmaceutical
industries. This paper describes scaling-up batch conditions for
sucrose inversion catalyzed by the recombinant Pichia pastoris BfrA4X
whole cells expressing Thermotoga maritima invertase entrapped in
calcium alginate beads. For the first time, we describe the application
of a kinetic model to predict the fractional conversion expected during
sucrose hydrolysis reaction in both, a model and a prototype bioreactor
with 0.5- and 5-L working volume, respectively. Results: Different
scaled-up criteria used to operate the 0.5-L bioreactor were analyzed
to explore the invert sugar large scale production. After model
inversion studies, a 5-L scaled-up reaction system was performed in a
7-L stirred reactor. Both scaled-up criteria, immobilized biocatalyst
dosage and stirring speed, were analyzed in each type of bioreactors
and the collected data were used to ensure an efficient scale-up of
this biocatalyst. Conclusions: To date, there is not enough information
to describe the large-scale production of invert sugar using different
scaled-up criteria such as dose of immobilized biocatalyst and stirring
speed effect on mass transfer. The present study results constitute a
valuable tool to successfully carry out this type of high-scale
operation for industrial purposes
VALES VI: ISM enrichment in star-forming galaxies up to z0.2 using CO(1-0), CO(1-0) and CO(1-0) line luminosity ratios
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations
towards 27 low-redshift () star-forming galaxies taken from the
Valpara\'iso ALMA/APEX Line Emission Survey (VALES). We perform stacking
analyses of the CO(), CO() and CO()
emission lines to explore the (CO())/(CO()))
(hereafter (CO)/(CO)) and
(CO())/(CO()) (hereafter
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratio dependence as a function
of different global galaxy parameters related to the star formation activity.
The sample has far-IR luminosities L and stellar
masses of M corresponding to typical star-forming and
starburst galaxies at these redshifts. On average we find a
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratio value of 16.12.5.
Galaxies with evidences of possible merging activity tend to show higher
(CO)/(CO) ratios by a factor of two, while variations of
this order are also found in galaxy samples with higher star formation rates or
star formation efficiencies. We also find an average
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratio of 2.50.6, which is
in good agreement with those previously reported for starburst galaxies. We
find that galaxy samples with high , SFR and SFE show low
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratios with high
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratios, suggesting that these
trends are produced by selective enrichment of massive stars in young
starbursts.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures to be published in MNRA
Optimization of worm-bed leachate for culturing of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum and Pseudomonas fluorescens
A response surface technique was used to analyze the effect of Glomus
fasciculatum , Pseudomonas fluorescens and worm-bed leachate (WBL)
on growth, yield and characteristics of tomato ( Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill). The treatments combined inoculation with or without
P. fluorescens or G. fasciculatum and the application of WBL at 20%
(v/v) each day or every three days. Plant height, number of leaves and
yield of tomato fruits was not affected by the factors studied.
However, plants with foliar application of WBL each day developed wider
stems than those with an application every three days. The pH of the
fruits was lower when WBL was applied every three days compared to a
daily application. The soluble solids content of the fruits was higher
when WBL was applied daily compared to those sprayed every three days.
Plant development was not affected by addition of P. fluorescens, G.
fasciculatum or WBL, but WBL changed fruit characteristics
Ethanol induction of laccase depends on nitrogen conditions of Pycnoporus sanguineus
Background: Ethanol has been pointed out as a laccase inducer. However,
there are controversial reports about its efficiencywith some fungi. In
this study,we hypothesized that ethanol laccase induced in Pycnoporus
sanguineus depends on nitrogen nutriment conditions. To prove this,we
assessed laccase production in submerged cultures of P. sanguineus,with
different nitrogen concentrations andwith, orwithout ethanol added in a
factorial designed experiment. Results: In order to analyze the effects
of factors on the response variables, a factorial ANOVA, and
response-surface models were performed. It was found that the nitrogen
source was the main factor that affected laccase production in P.
sanguineus. The treatments with yeast extract (2 g/L) and ethanol (3
g/L) induced the highest laccase activity (31.01 \ub1 4.9 U/L), while
the treatments with urea reached the lowest activity (less than 1.6
U/L). Ethanol had positive and synergic effects on laccase production,
in accordance with the surface response model, as long as simple
nitrogen sources (urea) were not available. Conclusions: We suggest
that laccase in P. sanguineus is regulated by a catabolic nitrogen
repressionmechanism; laccase activity is strongly inhibited by urea
used as nitrogen source and it decreases when the amount of urea
increases; contrarily, a synergic positive effect was observed between
yeast extract and ethanol on laccase production
Synthesis of Densely Packaged, Ultrasmall Pt02Clusters within a Thioether-Functionalized MOF: Catalytic Activity in Industrial Reactions at Low Temperature
The gram\u2010scale synthesis, stabilization, and characterization of well\u2010defined ultrasmall subnanometric catalytic clusters on solids is a challenge. The chemical synthesis and X\u2010ray snapshots of Pt02 clusters, homogenously distributed and densely packaged within the channels of a metal\u2013organic framework, is presented. This hybrid material catalyzes efficiently, and even more importantly from an economic and environmental viewpoint, at low temperature (25 to 140\u2009\ub0C), energetically costly industrial reactions in the gas phase such as HCN production, CO2 methanation, and alkene hydrogenations. These results open the way for the design of precisely defined catalytically active ultrasmall metal clusters in solids for technically easier, cheaper, and dramatically less\u2010dangerous industrial reactions
Analysis of a suppressive subtractive hybridization library of Alternaria alternata resistant to 2-propenyl isothiocyanate
Background: Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are natural products obtained from
plants of the Brassicas family. They represent an environmentally
friendly alternative for the control of phytopathogenic fungi. However,
as it has been observed with synthetic fungicides, the possibility of
inducing ITC-resistant strains is a major concern. It is, therefore,
essential to understanding the molecular mechanisms of fungal
resistance to ITCs. We analyzed a subtractive library containing 180
clones of an Alternaria alternata strain resistant to 2-propenyl ITC
(2-pITC). After their sequencing, 141 expressed sequence tags (ESTs)
were identified using the BlastX algorithm. The sequence assembly was
carried out using CAP3 software; the functional annotation and
metabolic pathways identification were performed using the Blast2GO
program. Results: The bioinformatics analysis revealed 124 reads with
similarities to proteins involved in transcriptional control, defense
and stress pathways, cell wall integrity maintenance, detoxification,
organization and cytoskeleton destabilization; exocytosis, transport,
DNA damage control, ribosome maintenance, and RNA processing. In
addition, transcripts corresponding to enzymes as oxidoreductases,
transferases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases, were detected.
Degradation pathways for styrene, aminobenzoate, and toluene were
induced, as well as the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid and several
types of N-glycan. Conclusions: The fungal response showed that natural
compounds could induce tolerance/resistancemechanisms in organisms in
the same manner as synthetic chemical products. The response of A.
alternata to the toxicity of 2-pITC is a sophisticated phenomenon
including the induction of signaling cascades targeting a broad set of
cellular processes. Whole-transcriptome approaches are needed to
elucidate completely the fungal response to 2-pITC
Corrigendum: Analysis of the common genetic component of large-vessel vasculitides through a meta-Immunochip strategy.
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) are major forms of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) that share clinical features. To evaluate their genetic similarities, we analysed Immunochip genotyping data from 1,434 LVV patients and 3,814 unaffected controls. Genetic pleiotropy was also estimated. The HLA region harboured the main disease-specific associations. GCA was mostly associated with class II genes (HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQA1) whereas TAK was mostly associated with class I genes (HLA-B/MICA). Both the statistical significance and effect size of the HLA signals were considerably reduced in the cross-disease meta-analysis in comparison with the analysis of GCA and TAK separately. Consequently, no significant genetic correlation between these two diseases was observed when HLA variants were tested. Outside the HLA region, only one polymorphism located nearby the IL12B gene surpassed the study-wide significance threshold in the meta-analysis of the discovery datasets (rs755374, P\u2009=\u20097.54E-07; ORGCA\u2009=\u20091.19, ORTAK\u2009=\u20091.50). This marker was confirmed as novel GCA risk factor using four additional cohorts (PGCA\u2009=\u20095.52E-04, ORGCA\u2009=\u20091.16). Taken together, our results provide evidence of strong genetic differences between GCA and TAK in the HLA. Outside this region, common susceptibility factors were suggested, especially within the IL12B locus
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