801 research outputs found
Controlling surface statistical properties using bias voltage: Atomic force microscopy and stochastic analysis
The effect of bias voltages on the statistical properties of rough surfaces
has been studied using atomic force microscopy technique and its stochastic
analysis. We have characterized the complexity of the height fluctuation of a
rough surface by the stochastic parameters such as roughness exponent, level
crossing, and drift and diffusion coefficients as a function of the applied
bias voltage. It is shown that these statistical as well as microstructural
parameters can also explain the macroscopic property of a surface. Furthermore,
the tip convolution effect on the stochastic parameters has been examined.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures
Excitonic enhancement of nonradiative energy transfer to bulk silicon with the hybridization of cascaded quantum dots
Cataloged from PDF version of article.We report enhanced sensitization of silicon through nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) of the excitons in an energy-gradient structure composed of a cascaded bilayer of green-and red-emitting CdTe quantum dots (QDs) on bulk silicon. Here NRET dynamics were systematically investigated comparatively for the cascaded energy-gradient and mono-dispersed QD structures at room temperature. We show experimentally that NRET from the QD layer into silicon is enhanced by 40% in the case of an energy-gradient cascaded structure as compared to the mono-dispersed structures, which is in agreement with the theoretical analysis based on the excited state population-depopulation dynamics of the QDs. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC
MMS Multi-Point Analysis of FTE Evolution: Physical Characteristics and Dynamics
Previous studies have indicated that flux transfer events (FTEs) grow as they convect away from the reconnection site along the magnetopause. This increase in FTE diameter may occur via adiabatic expansion in response to decreasing external pressure away from the subsolar region or due to a continuous supply of magnetic flux and plasma to the FTEsâ outer layers by magnetic reconnection. Here we investigate an ensemble of 55 FTEs at the subsolar magnetopause using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) multi-point measurements. The FTEs are initially modeled as quasi-force-free flux ropes in order to infer their geometry and the spacecraft trajectory relative to their central axis. The MMS observations reveal a radially-inward net force at the outer layers of FTEs which can accelerate plasmas and fields toward the FTEâs core region. Inside the FTEs, near the central axis, plasma density is found to decrease as the axial net force increases. It is interpreted that the axial net force accelerates plasmas along the axis in the region of compressing field lines. Statistical analysis of the MMS observations of the 55 FTEs indicates that plasma pressure, Pth, decreases with increasing FTE diameter, Ă», as Pth,obsvĂ -Ă Ă»-0.24. Assuming that all 55 FTEs started out with similar diameters, this rate of plasma pressure decrease with increasing FTE diameter is at least an order of magnitude slower than the theoretical rate for adiabatic expansion (i.e., Pth,adiab.Ă -Ă Ă»-3.3), suggesting the presence of efficient plasma heating mechanisms, such as magnetic reconnection, to facilitate FTE growth.Key PointsThe forces inside FTEs observed by MMS suggest plasma acceleration toward and along the FTEâs central axis causing plasma to escapeThe roles of adiabatic expansion and reconnection in FTE growth are explored using MMS observationsThe observed sub-adiabatic decrease of plasma pressure as FTE size increases requires plasma heating mechanisms such as reconnectionPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151362/1/jgra55065_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151362/2/jgra55065.pd
A Model for Leveraging the Tools of Personal knowledge Management 2.0 as the Next Generation of E-Learning
Assictant: In recent years a fundamental revolution has been seen in the education. This transformation is not only in the tools and methods, but in the concept and approach of education. One of these developments is in the transferring from teacher-centered methods into students-centered methods. In this transformation, personal knowledge management can be recognized as the coin of e-learning. Concurrent with this evolution in the methods, tools of teaching have been changed fundamentally from traditional teaching tools to e-learning and e-learning 2.0 (e-learning with Web 2.0 tools). This novel method has been studied in this research. At the first, personal knowledge management processes, Web 2.0 tools have been recognized and then the overlaps with the training have been studied. The suggested model has been composed of these three areas, validated by the Delphi panel, and at last with chi-square test a survey has been done. 300 users of knowledge workers of online knowledge communities have been recognized and categorized; and knowledge workers 2.0 have been selected. In recognizing processes and tools of personal knowledge management, which can be used in e-learning, these knowledge workers answer the questions. On the other hand, 11 experts on Knowledge management (authors of ISI articles) in three rounds have been contributed in Delphi panel. The result of this study has been formed as a model for leveraging personal knowledge management tools in learning. This model includes the personal knowledge management 2.0 processes which can be used in learning. In addition, the best tools for each process have been identified in this model
Comparative Analysis of the Vlasiator Simulations and MMS Observations of Multiple X-Line Reconnection and Flux Transfer Events
The Vlasiator hybrid-Vlasov code was developed to investigate global magnetospheric dynamics at ion-kinetic scales. Here we focus on the role of magnetic reconnection in the formation and evolution of magnetic islands at the low-latitude magnetopause, under southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. The simulation results indicate that (1) the magnetic reconnection ion kinetics, including the Earthward pointing Larmor electric field on the magnetospheric side of an X-point and anisotropic ion distributions, are well-captured by Vlasiator, thus enabling the study of reconnection-driven magnetic island evolution processes, (2) magnetic islands evolve due to continuous reconnection at adjacent X-points, "coalescence" which refers to the merging of neighboring islands to create a larger island, "erosion" during which an island loses magnetic flux due to reconnection, and "division" which involves the splitting of an island into smaller islands, and (3) continuous reconnection at adjacent X-points is the dominant source of magnetic flux and plasma to the outer layers of magnetic islands resulting in cross-sectional growth rates up to + 0.3 R-E(2)/min. The simulation results are compared to the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) measurements of a chain of ion-scale flux transfer events (FTEs) sandwiched between two dominant X-lines. The MMS measurements similarly reveal (1) anisotropic ion populations and (2) normalized reconnection rate similar to 0.18, in agreement with theory and the Vlasiator predictions. Based on the simulation results and the MMS measurements, it is estimated that the observed ion-scale FTEs may grow Earth-sized within similar to 10 min, which is comparable to the average transport time for FTEs formed in the subsolar region to the high-latitude magnetopause. Future simulations shall revisit reconnection-driven island evolution processes with improved spatial resolutions.Peer reviewe
Experimental tests of hidden variable theories from dBB to Stochastic Electrodynamics
In this paper we present some of our experimental results on testing hidden
variable theories, which range from Bell inequalities measurements to a
conclusive test of stochastic electrodynamics
Analytic study of properties of holographic p-wave superconductors
In this paper, we analytically investigate the properties of p-wave
holographic superconductors in -Schwarzschild background by two
approaches, one based on the Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem and the other
based on the matching of the solutions to the field equations near the horizon
and near the asymptotic region. The relation between the critical
temperature and the charge density has been obtained and the dependence of the
expectation value of the condensation operator on the temperature has been
found. Our results are in very good agreement with the existing numerical
results. The critical exponent of the condensation also comes out to be 1/2
which is the universal value in the mean field theory.Comment: Latex, To appear in JHE
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