140 research outputs found
Community Property and Tort Liability in Washington
Of no small proportions was the task faced by the judges of this state when the legislature saw fit to superunpose upon our background of common law a system of community property, a development of the civil law And nowhere are the difficulties of reconciling these two conflicting systems felt more acutely than in the field of tort liability. In addition to inherent difficulties there is the urge which constantly influences judges to circumvent existing law when it requires turning away a just claimant empty-handed (or, what amounts to the same thing, turning hun away with a judgment winch cannot be satisfied). This urge is, often buttressed by a strong public policy in favor of protectmg the class of claimants to which the plaintiff belongs. Little wonder then that the decisions in this field do not always preserve inviolate the symmetry of the edifice of justice
Random hypergraphs and their applications
In the last few years we have witnessed the emergence, primarily in on-line
communities, of new types of social networks that require for their
representation more complex graph structures than have been employed in the
past. One example is the folksonomy, a tripartite structure of users,
resources, and tags -- labels collaboratively applied by the users to the
resources in order to impart meaningful structure on an otherwise
undifferentiated database. Here we propose a mathematical model of such
tripartite structures which represents them as random hypergraphs. We show that
it is possible to calculate many properties of this model exactly in the limit
of large network size and we compare the results against observations of a real
folksonomy, that of the on-line photography web site Flickr. We show that in
some cases the model matches the properties of the observed network well, while
in others there are significant differences, which we find to be attributable
to the practice of multiple tagging, i.e., the application by a single user of
many tags to one resource, or one tag to many resources.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Wear Minimization for Cuckoo Hashing: How Not to Throw a Lot of Eggs into One Basket
We study wear-leveling techniques for cuckoo hashing, showing that it is
possible to achieve a memory wear bound of after the
insertion of items into a table of size for a suitable constant
using cuckoo hashing. Moreover, we study our cuckoo hashing method empirically,
showing that it significantly improves on the memory wear performance for
classic cuckoo hashing and linear probing in practice.Comment: 13 pages, 1 table, 7 figures; to appear at the 13th Symposium on
Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2014
Management Approach : The Virtuous Corporation as a Moral Agent for Sustainable Development
This chapter examines the corporation as a moral agent for sustainable development. While sustainable development in business organizations can be argued from utility-and duty-based ethical theories, it is suggested that virtue-based ethics is needed to develop a moral agency for sustainable development, as it focuses on the organizational character. In addition, it is proposed that the biosphere (the global sum of all ecosystems) is accepted as the ultimate principal for all planetary agents to avoid an anthropocentric and only inward-looking position typical for ethical theories. Thus, a business organization can work as a nexus for virtue and develop a moral agency that contributes to the well-being of the biosphere and all of its members.Peer reviewe
Conformational flexibility of RNA polymerase III during transcriptional elongation
RNA polymerase (Pol) III is responsible for the transcription of genes encoding small RNAs, including tRNA, 5S rRNA and U6 RNA. Here, we report the electron cryomicroscopy structures of yeast Pol III at 9.9 Å resolution and its elongation complex at 16.5 Å resolution. Particle sub-classification reveals prominent EM densities for the two Pol III-specific subcomplexes, C31/C82/C34 and C37/C53, that can be interpreted using homology models. While the winged-helix-containing C31/C82/C34 subcomplex initiates transcription from one side of the DNA-binding cleft, the C37/C53 subcomplex accesses the transcription bubble from the opposite side of this cleft. The transcribing Pol III enzyme structure not only shows the complete incoming DNA duplex, but also reveals the exit path of newly synthesized RNA. During transcriptional elongation, the Pol III-specific subcomplexes tightly enclose the incoming DNA duplex, which likely increases processivity and provides structural insights into the conformational switch between Pol III-mediated initiation and elongation
Technocracy, the Market and the Governance of England's National Health Service
England's National Health Service, the fifth largest employer in the world, has become heavily influenced by expert authority and the market economy, which has had implications for accountability and the receptiveness of health decisions to stakeholder needs. One response has been the introduction of a range of regulatory provisions designed to facilitate effective governance and stakeholder engagement. These provisions are scrutinized using three conceptual devices: core accountability, social reporting and social learning. These devices have significant implications, as they enable technical experts to form closed communities, communicate among themselves mainly about economic and financial matters, and make decisions that aid the market without meaningful recourse to citizens. While technical experts are necessary to help manage complex areas, current arrangements reinforce an existing gap between economic and democratic values through hardened technocratic approaches to health care governance
Synthesising Corporate Responsibility on Organisational and Societal Levels of Analysis: An Integrative Perspective
This article develops an integrative perspective on corporate responsibility by synthesising competing perspectives on the responsibility of the corporation at the organisational and societal levels of analysis. We review three major corporate responsibility perspectives, which we refer to as economic, critical, and politico-ethical. We analyse the major potential uses and pitfalls of the perspectives, and integrate the debate on these two levels. Our synthesis concludes that when a society has a robust division of moral labour in place, the responsibility of a corporation may be economic (as suggested under the economic perspective) without jeopardising democracy and sustainability (as reported under the critical perspective). Moreover, the economic role of corporations neither signifies the absence of deliberative democratic mechanisms nor business practices extending beyond compliance (as called for under the politico-ethical perspective). The study underscores the value of integrating different perspectives and multiple levels of analysis to present comprehensive descriptions and prescriptions of the responsibility phenomenon
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Corporate reputation past and future: a review and integration of existing literature and a framework for future research
The concept of corporate reputation is steadily growing in interest among management researchers and practitioners. In this article, we trace key milestones in the development of reputation literature over the past six decades to suggest important research gaps as well as to provide contextual background for a subsequent integration of approaches and future outlook. In particular we explore the need for better categorised outcomes; a wider range of causes; and a deeper understanding of contingencies and moderators to advance the field beyond its current state while also taking account of developments in the macro business environment. The article concludes by presenting a novel reputation framework that integrates insights from reputation theory and studies, outlines gaps in knowledge and offers directions for future research
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