Low-temperature ion beam mixing of Pt and Si markers in Ge

The mixing of Pt and Si marker atoms in Ge during 750-keV Xe irradiation was measured at temperatures between 6 and 500 K. The low-temperature measurements show that the mixing parameter for Pt is nearly twice that for Si. This result is in strong contradiction to the collisional theory of ion beam mixing. A weak temperature dependence in the mixing is found for both markers

5,15-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl­phen­yl)-10,20-bis­(phenyl­ethyn­yl)porphyrin

In the centrosymmetric title compound, C64H62N4, the two phenyl­ethynyl groups lie at diagonal meso positions. The 24-membered porphyrin has in-plane distortion with respect to the mean plane of the macrocycle and two intra-ring bifurcated N—H⋯(N,N) hydrogen bonds occur. The dihedral angles between the phenyl rings in the phenyl­ethynyl group and the 3,5-bis­(tert-but­yl)phenyl group with respect to the mean plane of the porphyrin are 17.2 (2) and 59.2 (3)°. The tert-butyl groups are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.661 (13):0.339 (13) ratio

Bis­(methane­sulfonato-κO)(5,10,15,20-tetra­phenyl­porphyrinato-κ4 N,N′,N′′,N′′′)tin(IV) chloro­form tris­olvate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Sn(C44H28N4)(CH3O3S)2]·3CHCl3, the SnIV ion is located on an inversion center and is octa­hedrally coordinated. The porphyrin N atoms occupy the equatorial positions while the axial positions are occupied by the O atoms of the methane­sulfonate anions. The phenyl rings make dihedral angles of 77.02 (13) and 87.89 (14)° with the porphyrin ring. Of the three solvent chloro­form mol­ecules, one is disordered over a twofold rotation axis. In the crystal a three-dimensional assembly is accomplished via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the H atoms of the phenyl groups in the porphyrin ring and the O atoms of the methane­sulfonate ligands

Method for Generating a Plasma Wave to Accelerate Electrons

The invention provides a method and apparatus for generating large amplitude nonlinear plasma waves, driven by an optimized train of independently adjustable, intense laser pulses. In the method, optimal pulse widths, interpulse spacing, and intensity profiles of each pulse are determined for each pulse in a series of pulses. A resonant region of the plasma wave phase space is found where the plasma wave is driven most efficiently by the laser pulses. The accelerator system of the invention comprises several parts: the laser system, also called beam source, which preferably comprises photo cathode electron source and RF-LINAC accelerator; electron photo-cathode triggering system; the electron diagnostics; and the feedback system between the electron diagnostics and the laser system. The system also includes plasma source including vacuum chamber, magnetic lens, and magnetic field means. The laser system produces a train of pulses that has been optimized to maximize the axial electric field amplitude of the plasma wave, and thus the electron acceleration, using the method of the invention

Method for Generating a Plasma Wave to Accelerate Electrons

The invention provides a method and apparatus for generating large amplitude nonlinear plasma waves, driven by an optimized train of independently adjustable, intense laser pulses. In the method, optimal pulse widths, interpulse spacing, and intensity profiles of each pulse are determined for each pulse in a series of pulses. A resonant region of the plasma wave phase space is found where the plasma wave is driven most efficiently by the laser pulses. The accelerator system of the invention comprises several parts: the laser system, also called beam source, which preferably comprises photo cathode electron source and RF-LINAC accelerator; electron photo-cathode triggering system; the electron diagnostics; and the feedback system between the electron diagnostics and the laser system. The system also includes plasma source including vacuum chamber, magnetic lens, and magnetic field means. The laser system produces a train of pulses that has been optimized to maximize the axial electric field amplitude of the plasma wave, and thus the electron acceleration, using the method of the invention

Facial recognition patterns of children and adults looking at robotic faces

The present study investigates whether adults and children exhibit different eye‐fixation patterns when they look at human faces, machinelike robotic faces, and humanlike robotic faces. The results from two betweensubject experiments showed that children and adults did have different facial recognition patterns; children tended to fixate more on the mouth of both machinelike and humanlike robotic faces than they do on human faces, while adults focused more on the eyes. The implications of notable findings and the limitations of the experiment are discussed

Mg2+ Effect on Argonaute and RNA Duplex by Molecular Dynamics and Bioinformatics Implications

RNA interference (RNAi), mediated by small non-coding RNAs (e.g., miRNAs, siRNAs), influences diverse cellular functions. Highly complementary miRNA-target RNA (or siRNA-target RNA) duplexes are recognized by an Argonaute family protein (Ago2), and recent observations indicate that the concentration of Mg2+ ions influences miRNA targeting of specific mRNAs, thereby modulating miRNA-mRNA networks. In the present report, we studied the thermodynamic effects of differential [Mg2+] on slicing (RNA silencing cycle) through molecular dynamics simulation analysis, and its subsequent statistical analysis. Those analyses revealed different structural conformations of the RNA duplex in Ago2, depending on Mg2+ concentration. We also demonstrate that cation effects on Ago2 structural flexibility are critical to its catalytic/functional activity, with low [Mg2+] favoring greater Ago2 flexibility (e.g., greater entropy) and less miRNA/mRNA duplex stability, thus favoring slicing. The latter finding was supported by a negative correlation between expression of an Mg2+ influx channel, TRPM7, and one miRNA’s (miR-378) ability to downregulate its mRNA target, TMEM245. These results imply that thermodynamics could be applied to siRNA-based therapeutic strategies, using highly complementary binding targets, because Ago2 is also involved in RNAi slicing by exogenous siRNAs. However, the efficacy of a siRNA-based approach will differ, to some extent, based on the Mg2+ concentration even within the same disease type; therefore, different siRNA-based approaches might be considered for patient-to-patient needs

Economic Feasibility of Renewable Electricity Generation Systems for Local Government Office: Evaluation of the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province in South Korea

While environmental and energy concerns have become global issues, the government of South Korea has made notable efforts and formulated plans for the diffusion of renewable energy generation facilities for the nation’s public and governmental institutions. Accordingly, Jeju Island has become one of the most promising locations for utilizing renewable energy resources. This study aims to propose potential configurations for renewable energy generation facilities (mainly solar and wind energy facilities) in response to the electricity demand of the main local governmental offices of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The study utilizes the hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources software to simulate two optimized configurations for generation at a cost of energy of $0.306 per kWh (independent) and$0.204 per kWh (grid-connected) with 100% renewable fraction for the island. The implications of the simulation results and limitations of the study are discussed.This studywas supported by the Dongguk University Research Fund of 2015. Support for the UJI Robotic Intelligence Laboratory is provided in part by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (DPI2015-69041-R), by Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/028) and by Universitat Jaume I (P1-1B2014-52)