THE RELATION OF RELIGIOUS ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS WITH DEPRESSION IN BOARDING QURAN COURSE STUDENTS

Background: Boarding Quran courses are religious institutions where course attendees spend large part of the year. Depression is an ever-increasing health problem. So, it is worth to study on the effects of religion concept and religious belief and behaviours’ that religion concept brings, on depression. The main purpose of this study, is to analyse the effect of religious attitudes and behaviours on depression in Quran course / hafiz students. Subjects and methods: The study is a cross sectional, case-control survey research. Boarding Quran courses and high schools were visited in Samsun city. A total of 956 participants enrolled between June 2015 and December 2015 were included into study from Samsun city of Turkey. Volunteers, 13 years and over ones without any psychiatric disorders were included in the study. Religious attitude-behaviour inventory and Beck’s depression inventory were used in the study. Results: Median point of case group attitude scale was 49, control group’s was 57 and difference among both has a statistical meaning (p<0.001). Beck’s depression score average of case group is 12.93±9.33, its control group’s average is 13.74±11.14 and difference between them is not important. Median score of both groups are 11. When scores of attitude and depression scales compared with each other in terms of demographic parameters, there is a difference among group, gender, age and education parameters (p<0.001). Conclusions: It was seen that religious attitudes and behaviours can be protective for boarding Quran course students but it cannot be enough by itself

Težina ruksaka i načini nošenja ruksaka učenika u osnovnoj školi: Trebamo li biti zabrinuti?

Improper backpack use can cause various health problems, such as lower back, back, and shoulder pain and postural distortion in children. These problems reduce the quality of life of children and affect their success in their educational lives. This study aimed to determine the weights of primary school students’ backpack and their backpack use status. The results of this study offer a guide for the educational practitioners oriented at gaining positive behaviors by using the right backpack. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the fall semester of 2017. The sample comprised 374 students from three different schools in Ankara, aged 6-11. Data collection was done using a personal information form and checklist for backpack use, which was developed based on the related literature. The study used descriptive statistics, independent group t-test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) for data analysis. The mean backpack weight was 4.03 kg. The study found that 96.2% of the children wore their backpacks using both shoulder straps, 54.2% of their backpacks were not in full contact with their backs, and 42.1% of the children wore their backpacks below their back and did not use a waist belt. The study determined the mean rate of the children’s backpack weight to their body weight as 14.4%. The study found that backpack weight increases in parallel with the child’s age and grade. The study reported that backpack weights and improper backpack use among primary school students were high and most of the children carried backpacks that were heavier than 10% of their body weight.Nepravilno nošenje školske torbe, točnije, ruksaka može uzrokovat različite zdravstvene probleme kao što su bolovi u donjem dijelu leđa, u leđima, u ramenima te iskrivljeno držanje djece. Ti problemi smanjuju kvalitetu života djece i utječu na njihov uspjeh u obrazovanju. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je odrediti težinu ruksaka te način na koji učenici nose torbe. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja nude smjernice za donošenje pozitivnih postupaka kod nošenja dobre torbe. Ovo deskriptivno, transverzalno istraživanje provedeno je u jesen 2017. godine. Uzorak je činilo 374 učenika iz tri različite škole u Ankari u dobi od 6 do 11 godina. Podaci su prikupljeni koristeći obrazac za osobne informacije i kontrolni list za nošenje ruksaka koji je nastao oslanjajući se da povezanu literaturu. Za obradu podataka u istraživanju je korištena deskriptivna statistika, nezavisni grupni t-test i jednosmjerna analiza varijance (ANOVA). Srednja vrijednost težine ruksaka bila je 4,03 kg. Istraživanje je pokazalo da 96,2 % djece nosi ruksak koristeći obje naramenice, a 42,1 % djece nosi školsku torbu ispod leđa i ne koristi pojas oko struka. Istraživanjem je određeno da je omjer srednju vrijednost školske torbe u odnosu na učeničku tjelesnu težinu 14,4 %. Također se pokazalo da se težina ruksaka povećava s djetetovom dobi i razredom. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je težina ruksaka i nepravilno nošenje ruksaka prilično visoka među učenicima osnovne škole te da većina učenika nosi ruksak koji je teži od 10 % njihove tjelesne težine.

Workshop on reconstruction schemes for magnetic resonance data: summary of findings and recommendations

[EN] The high fidelity reconstruction of compressed and low-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) data is essential for simultaneously improving patient care, accuracy in diagnosis and quality in clinical research. Sponsored by the Royal Society through the Newton Mobility Grant Scheme, we held a half-day workshop on reconstruction schemes for MR data on the 17 of August 2016 to discuss new ideas from related research fields that could be useful to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional reconstruction methods that have been evaluated up to date. Participants were 21 university students, computer scientists, image analysts, engineers and physicists from institutions from 6 different countries. The discussion evolved around exploring new avenues to achieve high resolution, high quality and fast acquisition of MR imaging. In this article, we summarise the topics covered throughout the workshop and make recommendations for ongoing and future works.The workshop was sponsored by the Royal Society through the Newton Mobility Grant NI150340 to E.O.-I. and M.C.V.H. M.C.V.H. is funded by Row Fogo Charitable Trust; R.O.R. is funded by the Ministry of Education, Research, Culture and Sports of Valencia (Spain) under the programme VALi+d 2015; E.O.-I. is funded by Bogazici University, and the research presented at the workshop was supported by TUBITAK Career Development Grant 112E036, EU Marie Curie IRG Grant FP7-PEOPLE-RG-2009 256528, Tubitak 1001 Research Grant 115S219, and Bogazici University BAP Grant 10844SUP; I.M. is funded by core funds from the University of Edinburgh, including the Scottish Funding Council; A.J.V.B. is funded by the Marie Sklodowska Curie scholarship which is part of the European Union's H2020 Framework Programme (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014) under the grant agreement number 642685 MacSeNet; and V.G.O. and P.F. are privately funded.Ozturk-Isik, E.; Marshall, I.; Filipiak, P.; Benjamin, AJV.; Ones, VG.; Ortiz-Ramón, R.; Valdes Hernandez, MDC. (2017). Workshop on reconstruction schemes for magnetic resonance data: summary of findings and recommendations. Royal Society Open Science. 4(2):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160731144

Implementation of 3 T Lactate-Edited 3D 1H MR Spectroscopic Imaging with Flyback Echo-Planar Readout for Gliomas Patients

The purpose of this study was to implement a new lactate-edited 3D 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequence at 3 T and demonstrate the feasibility of using this sequence for measuring lactate in patients with gliomas. A 3D PRESS MRSI sequence incorporating shortened, high bandwidth 180° pulses, new dual BASING lactate-editing pulses, high bandwidth very selective suppression (VSS) pulses and a flyback echo-planar readout was implemented at 3 T. Over-prescription factor of PRESS voxels was optimized using phantom to minimize chemical shift artifacts. The lactate-edited flyback sequence was compared with lactate-edited MRSI using conventional elliptical k-space sampling in a phantom and volunteers, and then applied to patients with gliomas. The results demonstrated the feasibility of detecting lactate within a short scan time of 9.5 min in both phantoms and patients. Over-prescription of voxels gave less chemical shift artifacts allowing detection of lactate on the majority of the selected volume. The normalized SNR of brain metabolites using the flyback encoding were comparable to the SNR of brain metabolites using conventional phase encoding MRSI. The specialized lactate-edited 3D MRSI sequence was able to detect lactate in brain tumor patients at 3 T. The implementation of this technique means that brain lactate can be evaluated in a routine clinical setting to study its potential as a marker for prognosis and response to therapy

The Ability to Generate Senescent Progeny as a Mechanism Underlying Breast Cancer Cell Heterogeneity

Background Breast cancer is a remarkably heterogeneous disease. Luminal, basal-like, "normal-like", and ERBB2+ subgroups were identified and were shown to have different prognoses. The mechanisms underlying this heterogeneity are poorly understood. In our study, we explored the role of cellular differentiation and senescence as a potential cause of heterogeneity. Methodology/Principal Findings A panel of breast cancer cell lines, isogenic clones, and breast tumors were used. Based on their ability to generate senescent progeny under low-density clonogenic conditions, we classified breast cancer cell lines as senescent cell progenitor (SCP) and immortal cell progenitor (ICP) subtypes. All SCP cell lines expressed estrogen receptor (ER). Loss of ER expression combined with the accumulation of p21Cip1 correlated with senescence in these cell lines. p21Cip1 knockdown, estrogen-mediated ER activation or ectopic ER overexpression protected cells against senescence. In contrast, tamoxifen triggered a robust senescence response. As ER expression has been linked to luminal differentiation, we compared the differentiation status of SCP and ICP cell lines using stem/progenitor, luminal, and myoepithelial markers. The SCP cells produced CD24+ or ER+ luminal-like and ASMA+ myoepithelial-like progeny, in addition to CD44+ stem/progenitor-like cells. In contrast, ICP cell lines acted as differentiation-defective stem/progenitor cells. Some ICP cell lines generated only CD44+/CD24-/ER-/ASMA- progenitor/stem-like cells, and others also produced CD24+/ER- luminal-like, but not ASMA+ myoepithelial-like cells. Furthermore, gene expression profiles clustered SCP cell lines with luminal A and "normal-like" tumors, and ICP cell lines with luminal B and basal-like tumors. The ICP cells displayed higher tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. Conclusions/Significance Luminal A and "normal-like" breast cancer cell lines were able to generate luminal-like and myoepithelial-like progeny undergoing senescence arrest. In contrast, luminal B/basal-like cell lines acted as stem/progenitor cells with defective differentiation capacities. Our findings suggest that the malignancy of breast tumors is directly correlated with stem/progenitor phenotypes and poor differentiation potential. © 2010 Mumcuoglu et al

Advanced MR techniques for preoperative glioma characterization: Part 1

Preoperative clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for gliomas, brain tumors with dismal outcomes due to their infiltrative properties, still rely on conventional structural MRI, which does not deliver information on tumor genotype and is limited in the delineation of diffuse gliomas. The GliMR COST action wants to raise awareness about the state of the art of advanced MRI techniques in gliomas and their possible clinical translation or lack thereof. This review describes current methods, limits, and applications of advanced MRI for the preoperative assessment of glioma, summarizing the level of clinical validation of different techniques. In this first part, we discuss dynamic susceptibility contrast and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, arterial spin labeling, diffusion-weighted MRI, vessel imaging, and magnetic resonance fingerprinting. The second part of this review addresses magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer, susceptibility-weighted imaging, MRI-PET, MR elastography, and MR-based radiomics applications. Evidence Level: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2