Mediterranean Diet Score and prostate cancer risk in a Swedish population-based case–control study

Several individual components of the Mediterranean diet have been shown to offer protection against prostate cancer. The present study is the first to investigate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the relative risk of prostate cancer. We also explored the usefulness of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) in a non-Mediterranean population. FFQ data were obtained from 1482 incident prostate cancer patients and 1108 population-based controls in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study. We defined five MDS variants with different components or using either study-specific intakes or intakes in a Greek reference population as cut-off values between low and high intake of each component. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of prostate cancer for high and medium v. low MDS, as well as potential associations with the individual score components. No statistically significant association was found between adherence to the Mediterranean diet based on any of the MDS variants and prostate cancer risk (OR range: 0·96–1·19 for total prostate cancer, comparing high with low adherence). Overall, we found little support for an association between the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer in this Northern European study population. Despite potential limitations inherent in the study or in the build-up of a dietary score, we suggest that the original MDS with study-specific median intakes as cut-off values between low and high intake is useful in assessing the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in non-Mediterranean populations

Erratum to: Frequency and typing of Propionibacterium acnes in prostate tissue obtained from men with and without prostate cancer

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in Western countries but the exact pathogenic mechanism of the disease is still largely unknown. An infectious etiology and infection-induced inflammation has been suggested to play a role in prostate carcinogenesis and Propionibacterium acneshas been reported as the most prevalent microorganism in prostatic tissue. We investigated the frequency and types of P. acnes isolated from prostate tissue samples from men with prostate cancer and from control patients without the disease. Methods: We included 100 cases and 50 controls in this study. Cases were men diagnosed with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy and controls were men undergoing surgery for bladder cancer without any histological findings of prostate cancer. Six biopsies taken from each patient’s prostate gland at the time of surgery were used for cultivation and further characterization of P. acnes. Results: The results revealed that P. acnes was more common in men with prostate carcinoma than in controls, with the bacteria cultured in 60 % of the cases vs. 26 % of the controls (p = 0.001). In multivariable analyses, men with P. acnes had a 4-fold increase in odds of a prostate cancer diagnosis after adjustment for age, calendar year of surgery and smoking status (OR: 4.46; 95 % CI: 1.93–11.26). To further support the biologic plausibility for a P. acnes infection as a contributing factor in prostate cancer development, we subsequently conducted cell-based experiments. P. acnes- isolates were co-cultured with the prostate cell line PNT1A. An increased cell proliferation and cytokine/chemokine secretion in infected cells was observed. Conclusion: The present study provides further evidence for a role of P. acnes in prostate cancer development

Psychological and physiological impacts of a fast-track diagnostic workup for men with suspected prostate cancer : Preliminary report from a randomized clinical trial

Funding Information: This study was funded by The Swedish Cancer Society (CF2016/795 and 2018/765) and Nyckelfonden, Örebro, Sweden (2015). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, and writing and approval of the manuscript. Funding Information: This study was funded by The Swedish Cancer Society (CF2016/795 and 2018/765) and Nyckelfonden, ?rebro, Sweden (2015). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, and writing and approval of the manuscript. This randomized clinical trial was approved by the ethics committee at ?rebro University Hospital and was registered at the ISRCTN registry www.isrctn.com (No. ISRCTN45953686). Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All authors accept the publication of this work and all patients provided signed inform consent to use their data. The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available to protect participant confidentiality but can be partly provided from authors on reasonable request. The authors declare that they have no competing interest. This study was funded by The Swedish Cancer Society (CF2016/795 and 2018/765) and Nyckelfonden, ?rebro, Sweden (2015). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, and writing and approval of the manuscript. JZ, RC, OA, SOA, UV, FF, and KF conceived of and designed the study; JZ, SD, JC, AME, JF, OA, and SOA contributed to collection of the data; JZ and RC analyzed the data; JZ drafted the manuscript; JZ, RC, SD, JC, AME, JF, OA, SOA, UV, FF, and KF revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content; All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The authors thank all the subjects who have participated in this clinical trial.Peer reviewe

Immediate Risk for Cardiovascular Events and Suicide Following a Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Prospective Cohort Study

Katja Fall and Fang Fang and colleagues find that men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer are at increased risk of cardiovascular events and suicide

Natural history and prognostic factors in localized prostate cancer

The natural history of localized prostate cancer is not fully understood. In most patients the tumor will never progress to a lethal disease, while a subset of patients will ultimately die of the disease. Efficient tools to separate indolent from lethal disease is currently lacking which means that many patients will be offered treatment without any benefit, but still be at risk of experiencing treatment related side effects. The aims of these studies were to get more insight into the natural history of untreated localized prostate cancer, to assess the prognostic value of established clinical parameters such as Gleason score, nuclear grade and tumor volume and, moreover, some new prognostic markers Ki-67, AMACR and MUC-1. We also aimed to study time trends in the detection of incidental tumors in Sweden. Patients with localized disease (n=223) and no initial treatment were followed for 21 years. Most patients had a favorable outcome. However, a subset of patients developed lethal disease even beyond 15 years of follow-up and these patients define the group that may benefit most from treatment with curative intent. Patients with poorly differentiated tumors experienced a 9 time higher risk of dying in prostate cancer. The studies on prognostic markers are based on a cohort of patients (n=253) with incidental prostate cancer detected by transurethral resection for presumed benign hyperplasia. All patients were left without initial treatment. Gleason grade, nuclear grade and tumor volume turned all out to be independent prognostic factors. MUC-1, AMACR and Ki-67 also carried prognostic information. However, after adjustment for Gleason grade, nuclear grade and tumor volume only MUC-1 and AMACR remained as statistically significant prognostic factors. When tested for sensitivity and specificity they all failed and, consequently, they seem to be of less value in daily practice for cancelling an individual patient regarding the choice of treatment. Time trends in incidental prostate tumors in Sweden were analyzed in a cohort of patients with prostate tumors detected by transurethral resection (TUR-P). Through linkage of the national registration number (NRN) with several registers, e.g. the Swedish Cancer Registry, the National Inpatient registry and the Cause of Death Registry we identified, during the period 1970 through 2003, in total 23288 patients with incidental prostate cancer, who constituted the study group. As comparison group we choose all patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1970-2003 excluding those with incidental cancer, in total 112204 patients. Our result confirms earlier findings that there has been a dramatic change over time in incidence of incidental prostate cancers in Sweden, which parallels the introduction of prostate specific antigen. We also found that the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer death is high in the incidental group, opposing earlier findings that incidental tumours are a non-lethal disease

Mother knowledge about child development, parenting and perceveid social support after participation in parent training program „Encouraging Children’s Healthy Emotional Development”

Šajā pētījumā piedalījās 60 pirmsskolas vecuma bērnu mātes no, kurām 30 piedalījās vecāku apmācības programmā „Bērnu emocionālā audzināšana” un 30 mātes bija kontroles grupā. Veikti „Zināšanu par bērna attīstību” pirmskolas versijas (KIDI – P, MacPhee, 1981, Latvijā adaptējusi, Ukstiņa, 2011) un „Izjustā sociālā atbalsta” (MSPSS, Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley,1988, Latvijā adaptējušas - Voitkāne, Miezīte, & Raščevska, 2004) aptauju pirms un pēc mērījumi abām grupām. Iegūtie rezultāti parādīja, ka statistiski nozīmīgi ir pieaugušas zināšanas mātēm apmācības programmas laikā, ko galvenokārt ir ietekmējusi mātes iegūtā pārliecība par savām zināšanām. Tika secināts, ka pastāv nozīmīgas sakarības zināšanu precizitātē un māšu izjustajā atbalstā no ģimenes un nozīmīgiem citiem cilvēkiem. Atslēgas vārdi: māte, zināšanas, bērna audzināšana, bērna attīstība, izjustais sociālais atbalstsThis study is based on a sample of 60 preschooler mothers. 30 of selected mothers participated in the parent training program "BEA" while other 30 served as a control group. Both groups were tested by employing surveys „Knowledge of child development” preschool version inventory (KIDI –P, MacPhee, 1981, in Latvia adapted by Ukstiņa, 2011) and „The multidimensional Scales of Perceived Social Support”(MSPSS, Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet,& Farley, 1988, in Latvia adapted by Voitkāne Miezīte, & Raščevska, 2004). All mothers were surveyed before and after the training programme. The evidence of this research shows a statistically significant increase in knowledge among the mothers that participated in the training programme. This was mainly a result of increased confidence about their knowledge. At the same time, itit was concluded that there exist statistically significant corelation between knowledge accuracy and perceived support from family and other important people