Metabolomic characterization of strawberry cultivars during postharvest

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is the berry most consumed worldwide and is well-known for its delicate flavour and nutritional characteristics. However, strawberries possess a very short postharvest shelf-life due to their high respiration rate and their susceptibility to water loss, mechanical damage and fungi deterioration. Extension of fruit shelf-life is a major economic goal, and measures are commercially taken to delay senescence. These procedures include low temperature, controlled atmosphere and/or chemical treatments, being the first one the most commonly applied. To improve our understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the deterioration of fruit quality attributes during senescence, we monitored the metabolomic profiles of five commercial strawberry cultivars under different postharvest treatments. Ripe fruits of F x ananassa cv. ‘Amiga’, ‘Camarosa’, ‘Candonga’, ‘Fortuna’ and ‘Santa Clara’ were harvested and kept at 4ºC during three, six and ten days in normal, CO2-enriched and O3-enriched atmospheres. We used a combination of GC-TOF-MS, LC-MS and GC-SPME-MS to identify and semi-quantify 49 primary metabolites (sugars, amino and organic acids), 132 polar secondary metabolites and 70 volatile compounds in all different treatments along postharvest stages. Multivariate statistical approaches, including hierarchical cluster analysis, partial least squares discriminant analyses and k-means clustering, were used to characterize the variation in metabolite content during the strawberry fruit postharvest life and to identify the biochemical pathways which are most affected in the senescence processes. Here, we present the main changes in volatile compounds, primary and secondary metabolites as a consequence of postharvest storage, highlighting the differences between cultivars and treatments. Network-based methods will allow us to point out the regulatory factors and molecular mechanisms underlying fruit senescence.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Carcinoma de cérvix uterino localmente avanzado Presentación de un caso clínico

El cáncer de cuello uterino supone el 4.5% de las neoplasias malignas de la mujer. El principal factor de riesgo relacionado es la infección genital por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 36 años, diagnosticada de un cáncer de cérvix uterino estadio IIIB (clasificación FIGO) tratado con quimiorradioterapia concomitante (QT+RT). Se discutirán los protocolos de tratamiento aprobados actualmente para el cáncer de cérvix localmente avanzado así como de las técnicas empleadas y su evolución temporal en los últimos años.Grado en Medicin

Molecular regulation of seed and fruit set

Seed and fruit set are established during and soon after fertilization and determine seed and fruit number, their final size and, hence, yield potential. These processes are highly sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses, which often lead to seed and fruit abortion. Here, we review the regulation of assimilate partitioning, including the potential roles of recently identified sucrose efflux transporters in seed and fruit set and examine the similarities of sucrose import and hydrolysis for both pollen and ovary sinks, and similar causes of abortion. We also discuss the molecular origins of parthenocarpy and the central roles of auxins and gibberellins in fruit set. The recently completed strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genomes have added to the existing crop databases, and new models are starting to be used in fruit and seed set studies

Gene Regulation in Ruminants: A Nutritional Perspective

This chapter will focus on cellular regulatory programs implemented by the ruminant physiology in order to respond to external stimuli such as nutrition as well as important physiological events such as parturition. The increasing adoption of “omics” technologies and bioinformatics in nutrition and physiology in ruminant research have allowed us to delineate a clearer picture on what regulates major biological process at a molecular level such as milk synthesis and meat quality and fatty acid composition as well as pathological conditions such as ketosis, mastitis, and heat stress. The assembly of such plethora of information in a blend among nutritional research, molecular biology, and novel tools to study the response of the genome to nutrition has led to emerging disciplines such as nutritional genomics or “nutrigenomics.

Special Issue on “fruit metabolism and metabolomics”

Over the past 10 years, knowledge about several aspects of fruit metabolism has been greatly improved. Notably, high-throughput metabolomic technologies have allowed quantifying metabolite levels across various biological processes, and identifying the genes that underly fruit development and ripening. This Special Issue is designed to exemplify the current use of metabolomics studies of temperate and tropical fruit for basic research as well as practical applications. It includes articles about different aspects of fruit biochemical phenotyping, fruit metabolism before and after harvest, including primary and specialized metabolisms, and bioactive compounds involved in growth and environmental responses. The effect of genotype, stages of development or fruit tissue on metabolomic profiles and corresponding metabolism regulations are addressed, as well as the combination of other omics with metabolomics for fruit metabolism studies. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.partly funded by MetaboHUB (ANR‐11‐INBS‐0010) and PHENOME (ANR‐11‐ INBS‐0012) French Agence Nationale de la Recherche projects. S.O. was parcially supported by grants RTI2018‐ 099797‐B‐100 (Ministerio de ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain) and UMA18‐DEDERJA‐179 (Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, Spain).Peer reviewe

Special Issue on “fruit metabolism and metabolomics”

Over the past 10 years, knowledge about several aspects of fruit metabolism has been greatly improved. Notably, high-throughput metabolomic technologies have allowed quantifying metabolite levels across various biological processes, and identifying the genes that underly fruit development and ripening. This Special Issue is designed to exemplify the current use of metabolomics studies of temperate and tropical fruit for basic research as well as practical applications. It includes articles about different aspects of fruit biochemical phenotyping, fruit metabolism before and after harvest, including primary and specialized metabolisms, and bioactive compounds involved in growth and environmental responses. The effect of genotype, stages of development or fruit tissue on metabolomic profiles and corresponding metabolism regulations are addressed, as well as the combination of other omics with metabolomics for fruit metabolism studies. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.partly funded by MetaboHUB (ANR‐11‐INBS‐0010) and PHENOME (ANR‐11‐ INBS‐0012) French Agence Nationale de la Recherche projects. S.O. was parcially supported by grants RTI2018‐ 099797‐B‐100 (Ministerio de ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain) and UMA18‐DEDERJA‐179 (Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, Spain).Peer reviewe

Preparação e desenvolvimento de um curso de pré-anatomia destinado a alunos do programa acadêmico de Medicina e Cirurgia

This article presents the planning and development of an ict-Mediated (information and communication technologies) course of conceptualization of anatomical bases called Pre-Anatomy for first-year undergraduate students of the academic program of Medicine and Surgery of the Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia). This work followed the epistemological premises of technological pedagogical content knowledge (tpack), and four modules were designed for teaching, learning, and evaluation: 1) Anatomical theory, 2) Anatomical drawing, 3) Use of virtual platforms, and 4) Medical literacy. This article presents the activities planned for the classes of the first module, based on interviews with expert teachers in the area to learn about the content representation (CoRe) of fundamental concepts of Human Gross Anatomy, and the teaching objectives, which included the integration of scientific competencies through the construction of anatomical models. The process of planning and development of the course allowed making a proposal of teaching, learning, and evaluation (T-L-Ev) oriented to move from a transmissionism emphasis, in which the teacher is the center of the process, to a student-centered T-L-Ev. Este artículo presenta la preparación y desarrollo de un curso de conceptualización de bases anatómicas llamado pre-anatomía, el cual fue mediado por las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (tic) para estudiantes universitarios de primer año del programa académico de Medicina y Cirugía de la Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia). El trabajo siguió las premisas epistemológicas del conocimiento tecnológico y pedagógico del contenido, y se diseñaron cuatro módulos para la enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación: 1) Teoría anatómica, 2) Dibujo anatómico, 3) Manejo de plataformas virtuales y 4) Literacidad Médica. En este artículo se exponen las actividades planeadas para cada una de las clases del primer módulo, que partieron de entrevistas a profesores expertos en el área para conocer la representación del contenido (CoRe) de conceptos fundamentales de la Anatomía Macroscópica Humana, y los objetivos de enseñanza, que incluyeron la integración de competencias científicas a través de la construcción de modelos anatómicos. El proceso de preparación y desarrollo del curso permitió hacer una propuesta de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación (E-AEv) orientada a disminuir el énfasis transmisionista, en el que el profesor es el centro del proceso, a una E-A-Ev centrada en el estudiante.Este artigo apresenta a preparação e o desenvolvimento de um curso de conceituação de bases anatômicas denominado pré-anatomia, o qual foi mediado por tecnologias de informação e comunicação (tic) para estudantes universitários do primeiro ano do programa acadêmico de Medicina e Cirurgia da Universidad del Valle (Cali- Colômbia). O trabalho seguiu as premissas epistemológicas do conhecimento tecnológico e pedagógico do conteúdo, e foram elaborados quatro módulos para o ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação: 1) Teoria anatômica, 2) Desenho anatômico, 3) Gestão de plataformas virtuais e 4) Letramento Médico. Este artigo apresenta as atividades planejadas para cada uma das aulas do primeiro módulo, as quais se basearam em entrevistas com professores especialistas na área para conhecer a representação do conteúdo (CoRe) de conceitos fundamentais da Anatomia Macroscópica Humana, e os objetivos de ensino, que incluiu a integração de competências científicas por meio da construção de modelos anatômicos. O processo de preparação e desenvolvimento do curso permitiu fazer uma proposta de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação (E-AEv) visando reduzir a ênfase transmissiva, na qual o professor é o centro do processo, para uma E-AEv focada no aluno.

The balance between fumarate and malate plays an important role in plant development and postharvest quality in tomato fruit

Organic acids, produced as intermediates of the tricarboxylic cycle, play a crucial role in the plant primary metabolism and are considered as being ones of the most important quality traits in edible fruits. Even if they are key metabolites in a multitude of cellular functions, little is known about their physiological relevance and regulation. Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing constitutively a bacterial maleate isomerase, which converts reversibly maleate to fumarate, were generated in order to improve our knowledge about the role of organic acids in the crop and fruit metabolism. Growth and reproduction were affected by the unbalance of tricarboxylic cycle intermediates, as a dwarf phenotype and a flowering delay were observed in the transgenic plants. In addition, a delay in chlorophyll synthesis, a decrease in the numbers of stomata and significant changes in some photosynthetic parameters indicated alterations in central primary metabolism. Postharvest was also impaired, as transgenic fruits showed increased water lost and deterioration, indicating a possible role of the organic acids in cell wall metabolism. Finally, preliminary metabolomics analysis pointed out important changes during fruit ripening in flavor-related metabolites, such as acids and sugars, revealing the importance of organic acids in fruit metabolism. Taken together, these data indicate a pivotal role of tricarboxylic cycle intermediates, such as malate or fumarate, as regulatory metabolites. Besides their role in quality fruit characteristics, they are involved in a multitude of functions including growth and photosynthesis.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Diagnóstico de la implementación del sistema de control interno en las pymes colombianas, estudio de caso Comet Zona Franca limitada

70 páginas : ilustraciones, gráficos.Uncertainty and increased competitiveness mark the Colombian business environment causing great impact on small and medium-sized companies that despite being positioned in the market are not structurally strong, lack a design and implementation of internal control. That is why it was taken as a reference the Comet Zona Franca Limitada company founded in 1986, dedicated to the production and commercialization of aluminum radiators, with the objective of making a diagnosis on each of the components that make up the Integrated System of Internal Control, as well as an understanding and subsequent identification of risks on the processes of Revenue and production, which will be achieved through questionnaires, interviews and direct observation in the company's facilities, thereby determining the viability of the implementation of COSO 2013.La incertidumbre y el incremento de la competitividad marcan el entorno empresarial colombiano causando gran impacto en las pequeñas y medianas empresas que a pesar de estar posicionadas en el mercado no son fuertes estructuralmente pues carecen de un diseño e implementación de control interno. Es por ello que se tomó como referencia la compañía Comet Zona Franca Limitada fundada en el año 1986, dedicada a la producción y comercialización de radiadores de aluminio, esto con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico sobre cada uno de los componentes que conforman el Sistema Integrado de Control Interno, así como un entendimiento y posterior identificación de riesgos sobre los procesos de Ingresos y producción, lo cual, será conseguido por medio de cuestionarios, entrevistas y observación directa en las instalaciones de la compañía, determinando con ello, la viabilidad de la implementación de COSO 2013.Contador PúblicoPregrad

Metabolomics profiling of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) F1 population to characterize flavour and nutritional traits

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is a highly consumed fruit known for its delicate flavour and nutritional characteristics. However, as fruit quality attributes have been lost after years of traditional breeding, new technological tools, such as high throughput metabolomics, are necessary for the identification of factors responsible of these traits. Here we present the metabolomics profiling for the content of primary and secondary metabolites of a 95 F1 individuals strawberry population derived from genotype “1392”, selected for its superior flavour, and “232” (Zorrilla-Fontanesi et al., 2011; Zorrilla-Fontanesi et al., 2012). Metabolite profiling was performed on mature fruits of the strawberry population using gas chromatography hyphenated to time-of-flight mass spectrometry for primary metabolites and ultra performance liquid chromatography Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry for secondary metabolites.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech