Gerenciamento do espectro de frequências, otimização e compartilhamento de rede móvel em múltiplas tecnologias

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2008.Desde o surgimento das comunicações móveis, as operadoras e fornecedores buscam incessantemente nova s tecnologias e serviços para se adaptarem às necessidades mercadológicas. Este trabalho apresenta a evolução da telefonia móvel até os dias atuais, destacando os desafios técnicos e comerciais enfrentados pelas operadoras em overlay de suas redes. O objetivo principal é mostrar e destacar um caso ímpar no cenário nacional de gerenciamento de espectro para a introdução das tecnologias AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, EVDO e GSM em uma mesma faixa, na banda A. Como uma operadora administrou recursos para a viabilidade do provimento destes serviços aos usuários em uma banda disponível de 12,5 MHz. Para isso foram necessários estudos teóricos e práticos quanto a bandas de guarda, isolação de antenas e compartilhamento de infra-estrutura. Serão apresentadas as principais tecnologias existentes e suas características, ressaltando a consolidação do mercado brasileiro de telecomunicações em restritas grandes operadoras e o foco em tecnologias comuns a todas. _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTSince the emergence of mobile communications, operators and suppliers constantly seek new technologies and services to fit the needs marketing. This paper presents the development of mobile telephony up to today, highlighting the challenges faced by technical and commercial operators. The main goal is to show and highlight the management of spectrum for the introduction of technologies AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, EVDO and GSM in the same band, band A. As the operator administered resources for the feasibility of providing these services to users in a 12.5 MHz band available for her. For that were necessary theoretical and practical about guardbands, isolation of antennas and sharing of infrastructure. They will be presented the main existing technologies and their characteristics, highlighting the consolidation of the Brazilian market for telecommunications carriers and large restricted to the focus on technology common to all

Spectrophotometric characterization of simple glazings for a modular façade

A large variety of transparent materials is available for uses in buildings façades and all glazing properties must be considered in their choice. Such a selection should be a careful process of evaluation and weighing of tradeoffs. The correct glazing specifications for façades can reduce energy consumption in buildings, because the heat exchange and passage of radiation into the building as light and heat occur through transparent surfaces. Therefore, glazing significantly contributes to the heat transfer between outdoor and indoor spaces, which act directly on daylighting and thermal comfort. This manuscript addresses a spectrophotometric characterization of glazings for the study of components for the design of a modular façade system based on the climate of Portugal. The study focused on results of spectrophotometric measurements of an optical behavior in different solar spectrum intervals (ultraviolet, visible and near infrared), specifically the transmittance of some types of simple glazings. The results show the percentage of transmission to spectrum intervals, which enabled the analysis (OK?) of the efficiency of the glazing regarding daylighting and correlation to the thermal performance. Indications for specifications and adequate uses based on transmission of transparent surfaces have been obtained and complemented the datasheets available from the manufactures.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Erasmus Mundus ISAC – Improving Skills Across Continents for this research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Association between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to disease severity has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients according to disease severity. METHODS: The study included 25 mild/moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and 25 severe/very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. All participants underwent clinical evaluation, spirometry and electrocardiography/echocardiography. RESULTS: Electrocardiography and echocardiography showed Q-wave alterations and segmental contractility in five (10%) patients. The most frequent echocardiographic finding was mild left diastolic dysfunction (88%), independent of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage. The proportion of right ventricular overload (

Utilização da criocirurgia no tratamento de habronemose cutânea em equino

A habronemose é uma afecção parasitária ocasionada por estes nematoides, com apresentação das formas: conjuntival, cutânea e gástrica. O Habronema sp normalmente parasita a porção glandular do estômago de eqüídeos, muares e asininos. A Mosca domestica e a Stomoxys calcitrans são consideradas hospedeiros intermediários deste parasita, que ao depositarem suas larvas sobre uma ferida cutânea, as larvas invadem os tecidos, porém, não completam seu desenvolvimento. A infecção por larvas desse nematoide na pele produz ampla formação de tecido de granulação, causando então habronemose cutânea. A patogenia não está totalmente clara, supõe-se que as larvas mortas ou que estão morrendo, desencadeiem uma reação de hipersensibilidade. Deve-se instituir o tratamento cirúrgico em casos de lesões com difícil cicatrização e que apresentem intenso tecido de granulação. O objetivo do tratamento é reduzir a dimensão das lesões com a remoção do tecido de granulação e evitar a reinfestação, associado ao manejo do ambiente, em manter as instalações limpas, redução de vetores, aplicação de telas e evitar novas escoriações cutâneas. Uma das mais freqüentes ocorrências na clínica de eqüídeos são os ferimentos de pele, principalmente localizados nas extremidades distais dos membros locomotores, onde a cicatrização é dificultada pela falta de tecido de revestimento, baixo suprimento sanguíneo, regiões de movimento articular, com maior predisposição para contaminação e conseqüente infecção. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar o uso da criocirurgia como forma de tratamento de habronemose cutânea eqüina. A criocirurgia possui como principal vantagem ser menos invasiva do que outros procedimentos e na maioria dos casos, não requer anestesia geral. O trabalho refere-se a um relato de caso envolvendo uma égua da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sem raça definida, pelagem castanha, 19 anos de idade, atendida Policlínica Veterinária de Grandes Animais da Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, com queixa principal de tecido de granulação exuberante localizada na parte distal do membro pélvico direito com 15 cm de diâmetro. O Médico Veterinário suspeitou em tratar-se de um caso de habronemose cutânea e foi realizado tratamento clínico com limpeza da ferida, tratamento de suporte e exames pré-operatórios para posterior exérese do granuloma. Após a excisão cirúrgica parcial da lesão granulomatosa, o animal foi mantido em internação para realização de curativos diários. O tratamento clínico consistiu na aplicação de sulfato de cobre diretamente na lesão, que não obteve resposta satisfatória, ainda com demora na cicatrização e permanência do tecido de granulação. Sendo assim, foram realizadas duas sessões de criocirurgia, com intervalo de 15 dias entre cada sessão para destruição por congelamento do tecido. Para o congelamento da lesão foi usada uma pistola especializada para aspersão de nitrogênio líquido por meio de jatos sobre o tecido de granulação exuberante. Nas sessões foram realizados três ciclos de congelamento rápido pela aplicação do nitrogênio sobre toda a extensão da lesão, seguido de descongelamento lento de forma natural. Houve regressão intensa do tecido de granulação presente na ferida que favoreceu a cicatrização e fechamento da ferida. A criocirurgia é uma opção de tratamento em equinos que apresentam a predisposição da formação de tecido de granulação exuberante que interfere na cicatrização de feridas, e especial nos casos de habronemose onde esse tecido é estimulado a proliferar, sendo assim, dificultando o fechamento de feridas principalmente em extremidades em equinos. O procedimento de criocirurgia foi realizado com aplicação de anestesia local, com recuperação da paciente com alta e retorno às atividades

A NUTRITION VIEW OF COVID 19 IN THE PANDEMIC

COVID-19 is a disease caused by a coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2. This virus has become a major public health concern worldwide, causing a collective outbreak, leading to the pandemic in 2020. People become infected with other common coronaviruses throughout their lives, but currently the concern is the COVID-19 type due to its severity in some cases. The immune system protects the body against external aggressions and preserves the body\u27s homeostasis, and nutrients are involved in the development and preservation of this system. Considering the degree of complications that can occur in an individual with COVID-19, regardless of their age group, and in some cases even lethal, there was an interest in researching studies about this disease, and which nutrients are mentioned in the literature regarding immunity in this disease. The aims of this research were to describe concepts about the disease COVID-19 and to identify nutrients involved in the immunity and treatment of this disease, through a literature review in the period from December 2019 to October 2020. There is no doubt that it is essential to maintain an adequate nutritional status, through a balanced diet that can contribute to a better coping with the infectious state. Supplementation of vitamins, minerals, probiotics and prebiotics can provide the immune system, several of them were cited as an adjunct to the treatment of COVID-19, including their doses, but there was a lack of agreement regarding the dose of nutrients. Obviously maintaining social distance, wearing masks and proper hygiene are essential to reduce the risk of contamination, while not having access to vaccination

PROYECTOS DE FELICIDAD EN PRISIÓN: IMPLICACIONES PARA LA SALUD

Pesquisa realizada com o objetivo de conhecer os projetos de felicidade de uma população privada de liberdade e suas implicações para o cuidado em saúde. Para isso utilizou-se o estudo qualitativo. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de julho de 2019 a outubro de 2020, em um presidio do interior da Zona da Mata Mineira, com 20 pessoas privadas de liberdade. Realizou-se entrevista aberta com roteiro semiestruturado, sendo submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Os aspectos éticos foram respeitados. Os resultados indicam que os projetos de felicidade das pessoas privadas de liberdade encontram significados, tanto em experiências pontuais do presente através da ressignificação dos modos de viver no cárcere, quanto em perspectivas futuras pela construção de pensamentos da vida após o cárcere. Também, desejam realizar projetos sociais em escolas para conscientizar jovens sobre o viver no cárcere, bem como acessar direitos fundamentais como educação e trabalho, constituir e cuidar da família e seguir uma religião. Assim, a produção subjetiva mobilizada no cárcere, produz como projeto de felicidade, participar do rompimento do ciclo perverso que historicamente aprisiona àqueles cujos direitos não são acessados na vida fora do presídio, possibilitando a construção de cuidados coerentes com a integralidade e humanização.Research carried out with the objective of knowing the project of happiness of a population deprived of liberty and its implications for health care. For this, the qualitative study was used. Data collection took place from July 2019 to October 2020, in a prison in the interior of Zona da Mata Mineira, with 20 people deprived of liberty. An open interview was carried out with a semi-structured script, being submitted to Content Analysis. Ethical aspects were respected. The results indicate that the happiness projects of people deprived of liberty find meanings, both in specific experiences of the present through the redefinition of ways of living in prison, and in future perspectives through the construction of thoughts about life after prison. They also want to carry out social projects in schools to raise awareness of young people about living in prison, as well as accessing fundamental rights such as education and work, building and caring for the family and following a religion. Thus, the subjective production mobilized in prison, produces as a project of happiness, participating in the breaking of the perverse cycle that historically imprisons those whose rights are not accessed in life outside prison, enabling the construction of care consistent with comprehensiveness and humanization.Investigación realizada con el objetivo de conocer los proyectos de felicidad de una población privada de libertad y sus implicaciones para la salud. Se utilizó un estudio cualitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó entre julio de 2019 y octubre de 2020, en una prisión del interior de la Zona da Mata Mineira, con 20 personas privadas de libertad. Se realizó una entrevista abierta con guión semiestructurado, siendo sometida a Análisis de Contenido. Se respetaron los aspectos éticos. Los resultados indican que los proyectos de felicidad de las personas privadas de libertad encuentran significados, tanto en experiencias específicas del presente a través de la redefinición de formas de vivir en prisión, como en perspectivas de futuro a través de la construcción de pensamientos sobre la vida después de la prisión. También quieren llevar a cabo proyectos sociales en las escuelas para concienciar a los jóvenes sobre la vida en prisión, así como el acceso a derechos fundamentales como la educación y el trabajo, la construcción y cuidado de la familia y el seguimiento de una religión. Así, la producción subjetiva movilizada en la cárcel, produce como proyecto de felicidad, participando en la ruptura del ciclo perverso que históricamente aprisiona a aquellos a cuyos derechos no se accede en la vida fuera de la prisión, posibilitando la construcción de un cuidado acorde con la integralidad y la humanización

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks