Predictors of satisfaction with life in family carers: evidence from the third European quality of life survey

This research aimed to identify predictors of satisfaction with life in family carers. Evidence from the literature and from the Third European Quality of Life Survey (years 2011–2012) led to the construction of a model which was tested through linear regression analysis. The results corroborate findings from previous studies identified in the literature, showing that married and employed carers with higher education, those with fewer difficulties making ends meet with their household income and those who are healthier have higher levels of satisfaction with life. Carers that participate in physical and social activities and have larger informal social support networks also have higher levels of satisfaction with life. Those reporting difficulties finding time to see a doctor for their own health due to their caregiving role and those experiencing difficulties in accessing formal long-term care have lower satisfaction with life. Policies aiming at balancing care and other activities, such as work, respite and activities in other life spheres, may have an important influence on informal carers’ quality of life

Ageing and quality of life in family carers of people with dementia being cared for at home: a literature review

Background: Despite the increasing older population providing care for family members with dementia at home, there is no consensus in the literature in terms of how caring impacts on their quality of life (QoL) and the association of the family carer's age with QoL outcomes. Aims: To explore the available literature investigating the QoL of older family carers (family carers aged > 60) and the association of family carers' age and QoL outcomes in a dementia context. Methods: A review of the literature to December 2013 was conducted using Embase-O VID, CINAL, Medline-OVID, Psyc INFO-OVID, Grey literature and the references of the included studies. Cross-sectional or prospective longitudinal studies published in English were eligible. The selection and appraisal processes were performed by two reviewers independently and the methodological quality was assessed by STROBE statement. Results: From the 12 selected studies, 4 were carried out with older family carers' samples and 8 associated the variable 'age' with QoL outcomes. Eight different instruments were used to assess family carers' QoL, however none were designed specifically for older people or older family carers. The mean age of the carers' samples ranged from 55.2 to 76.0 years old. Older family carers showed low levels of QoL and were often below the age-matched standard population. Carers' age was negatively correlated with QoL outcomes in most of the studies. Conclusion: Older people are increasingly involved with dementia care and family carer's advanced age was shown to be associated with low levels of QoL. Future research should investigate the QoL of older family carers separately and use QoL instruments containing older family carers' specific needs and perspectives of QoL. In planning care and support, primary health care practitioners should consider family carer's age group and their specific needs

NATURE-BASED SOLUTION AS FLOOD PROTECTION STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF CARAHÁ RIVER PARK, BRAZIL

Following the road paradigm, many cities, at the beginning of the 20th century, experienced a reckless increase in the number of vehicles on the road causing an unsustainable urban and environmental situation. The origin of the problem surely lies in the occupation of the preserved areas. In many South American states, for example, highways generally ignore the presence of environmental obstacles (such as rivers) as they may cause a “delay in modernization”. As a result, riparian forests are invaded and turned into highways, water beds are channeled and most rivers are contaminated with wastewater. Due to the occupation of green and riparian areas, urban floods have become more and more and consequently urban spaces have been disqualified. This situation also involved the Carahá River that crosses the city of Lages in southern Brazil, in fact the river embankment has become completely impermeable due to the construction of an urban road. Proposing urban spaces with an emphasis on improving environmental quality and integrating forms of public transport are basic points that could lead to the sustainable development of our cities. In this context, the aim of this research is to propose a sustainable river project for the Carahá River, with the aim of presenting nature-based solutions to prevent floods and improve the environmental, functional and aesthetic quality of the city. To develop this research, first theoretical studies were carried out on the relationship between rivers and cities, secondly three international case studies and related literature were analyzed with the aim of deepening the knowledge of the connection between rivers and population. Finally, an intensive study of the territory was carried out and a social analysis was conducted through a semi-structured interview in which the population of Lages participated. The result of this study contributed to effectively defining the intervention guidelines for the Carahá river park project considering, as an added value, also the main needs of citizens

Nature Based Solution As Flood Protection Strategies: The Case Of Caraha River Park, Brazil

Following the road paradigm, many cities, at the beginning of the 20th century, experienced a reckless increase in the number of vehicles on the road causing an unsustainable urban and environmental situation. The origin of the problem surely lies in the occupation of the preserved areas. In many South American states, for example, highways generally ignore the presence of environmental obstacles (such as rivers) as they may cause a “delay in modernization”. As a result, riparian forests are invaded and turned into highways, water beds are channeled and most rivers are contaminated with wastewater. Due to the occupation of green and riparian areas, urban floods have become more and more and consequently urban spaces have been disqualified. This situation also involved the Carahá River that crosses the city of Lages in southern Brazil, in fact the river embankment has become completely impermeable due to the construction of an urban road. Proposing urban spaces with an emphasis on improving environmental quality and integrating forms of public transport are basic points that could lead to the sustainable development of our cities. In this context, the aim of this research is to propose a sustainable river project for the Carahá River, with the aim of presenting nature-based solutions to prevent floods and improve the environmental, functional and aesthetic quality of the city. To develop this research, first theoretical studies were carried out on the relationship between rivers and cities, secondly three international case studies and related literature were analyzed with the aim of deepening the knowledge of the connection between rivers and population. Finally, an intensive study of the territory was carried out and a social analysis was conducted through a semi-structured interview in which the population of Lages participated. The result of this study contributed to effectively defining the intervention guidelines for the Carahá river park project considering, as an added value, also the main needs of citizens

The Relation Between the Growth in the Number of Female Single Parent Families and the Number of Women Imprisonment in Brazil

This article proposes to analyze the current conjecture of Brazil in which it was observed by the studies a relevant growth in female single-parent families combined with the observation that in face of the situation in these families, women are driven to crime and consequently to prison. Female single-parent families with children are more “vulnerable” in economic terms, in food supplies and in the caring provided to the children. In this way, families that are headed by these women occur in these circumstances, often allied to their will and consequently the entering of these women in world of crime, so their imprisonment interferes in the whole family. Therefore, we aim with this article to establish a relation between this increase in the number of families headed by women and the increase of women deprived of liberty. The theoretical and methodological support that conducted this research is anchored in the socioeconomic perspective, starting from an investigation of incarcerated women, the family situation and the type of crime committed, since most women do not commit violent crimes. Within a qualitative approach, being the technical procedure adopted of a descriptive-analytical character, carried out through analysis of bibliographic content and data. In this way, we will discuss the socioeconomic reality of incarcerated women, the family situation and how this situation affects the committing of crime and, consequently, incarceration. There would be a concrete relationship between two data, an increase in the number of female single-parent families and because of that, an increase in the number of incarcerated women? It appears that women in situation of vulnerability are the majority among prisoners and considering the circumstances they are arrested it stays very clear the gender hierarchy in social and prison environment which they are subjected. In advance, we noticed that there is a need to create more public policies that promote social justice and greater support for families where women are the main supporters in order to minimize their possible entry into the world of crime. Keywords: Female Single Parenting, Female Imprisonment, Public Policy, Human Rights. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-11-07 Publication date:June 30th 202

Trabalho infantil e estratégias familiares: crianças nos mercados informais de Maputo

Na sociedade moçambicana à semelhança de muitas sociedades africanas, as crianças constituem uma importante fonte de ajuda para as suas famílias. A criança, considerada como um membro da família capaz e responsável, tem ao seu encargo inúmeras tarefas domésticas e desempenha um conjunto de atividades económicas que permitem à família a sua sobrevivência e reprodução social. A presente investigação tem por objetivo estudar crianças moçambicanas que ajudam em casa nas tarefas domésticas e que participam de forma ativa nos negócios familiares, de forma a desconstruir a noção da criança africana como “órfã, vulnerável e fora do lugar” impulsionada pela conceção ocidental de infância como uma fase de dependência. A pesquisa incluiu um trabalho de campo desenvolvido entre Novembro e Dezembro de 2012, num bairro periférico da cidade de Maputo, com crianças que desempenham atividades no comércio informal do bairro em análise, e alguns dos seus familiares. No trabalho de campo procurou-se ainda ouvir a opinião de professores e de responsáveis das estruturas administrativas do bairro, bem como de profissionais que em Moçambique trabalham com questões relacionadas com crianças e com os cuidados da primeira infância. A metodologia usada foi de carácter qualitativo através de pesquisa e análise bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas, conversas informais e observação. Este estudo focaliza-se no quotidiano das crianças, nomeadamente na forma como estas organizam o seu dia-a-dia combinando o trabalho, o estudo e as brincadeiras. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que estas crianças são agentes capazes de fazer escolhas e que têm uma participação ativa nas estratégias económicas das famílias. Através das atividades que desempenham as crianças apreendem todo um conjunto de mecanismos que lhes serão úteis para se “desenrascarem” na sua vida futura.In Mozambique like in many African societies, children are an important source of help for their families. The child is considered as an able and responsible family member and so has in his charge innumerous domestic chores while also plays a set of economic activities that allows the social reproduction and economic survival of the family. This research aims to study Mozambican children at home whom help with household chores and participate actively in family businesses, in order to deconstruct the notion of the African child as "orphaned, vulnerable and out of place" driven by the Western conception of childhood as a stage of dependency. The survey, conducted between November and December 2012, in a suburb of Maputo, covers children who are active in the informal trade, of the neighborhood studied, and some of their family members. During the fieldwork this investigation sought to still hear from teachers and directors of administrative structures in the neighborhood, as well as professionals in Mozambique working on issues related to children and the early childhood stage. The methodology was qualitative in nature through research and literature review, semi-structured interviews, informal conversations and observations. This study focuses on the daily lives of children, particularly in the way they organize their day-to-day combining work, study and play. The survey results revealed that these children are agents capable of making choices and have an active participation in the economic strategies of households. Through the activities they perform, children get to learn a whole set of important mechanisms that will be useful in their future life as adults

Identificação de raças fisiológicas de Meloidogyne javanica e M. arenaria parasitas em plantas de soja na Região do Distrito Federal e Entorno

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2016.A cultura da soja é cultivada de norte a sul no Brasil, sendo de fundamental importância para a balança comercial brasileira. A Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento do Distrito Federal e Entorno (RIDE) tem na cultura da soja a sua principal fonte de renda, ocupando grande parte da área plantada. A RIDE é composta por 22 municípios e o Distrito Federal, abrangendo áreas com cobertura vegetal típica de cerrado. A identificação de raças fisiológicas de Meloidogyne spp. presentes em uma área ou região é importante para a caracterização de populações desses nematoides visando testes de resistência genética em germoplasma de soja. Adicionalmente, o conhecimento prévio da raça fisiológica de Meloidogyne pode auxiliar na recomendação de plantas para rotação. Dentre os patógenos de maior importância econômica à soja no Brasil, os nematoides indutores de galha radicular do gênero Meloidogyne estão entre os mais importantes, com destaque para M. javanica e M. arenaria. Objetivou-se a identificação de raças fisiológicas de cinco populações de M. javanica e uma de M. arenaria coletadas em soja na RIDE. Populações de ambas as espécies foram multiplicadas em tomateiros cv. Santa Clara, cultivadas em substrato estéril e mantidas em casa-de-vegetação. As plantas de cultivares de diferenciadoras foram semeadas em células individuais de bandejas de isopor com substrato estéril. Após a germinação, as diferenciadoras foram transplantadas para sacos plásticos com 3 Kg de substrato estéril. Trinta dias após o transplante, plantas individuais das diferenciadoras foram inoculadas com as diferentes populações de Meloidogyne spp. Cada planta recebeu inóculo com 5.000 ovos de uma determinada população. O experimento seguiu o delineamento inteiramente casualisado em fatorial 6 (populações de Meloidogyne) X 6 (plantas diferenciadoras) X 4 (repetições). A avaliação ocorreu aos 60 dias após a inoculação das plantas diferenciadoras e foi realizada com base em variáveis dos nematoides como índice de galhas, índice de massas de ovos e Fator de reprodução. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a presença da raça 1 de M. javanica e da raça 2 de M. arenaria nas populações estudadas

Padrões macroevolutivos na evolução da casta operária em formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Orientador: Marcio Roberto PieMonografia (Bacharelado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológica

A negative effect of a pathogen on its vector? A plant pathogen increases the vulnerability of its vector to attack by natural enemies

Plant pathogens that are dependent on arthropod vectors for transmission from host to host may enhance their own success by promoting vector survival and/or performance. The effect of pathogens on vectors may be direct or indirect, with indirect effects mediated by increases in host quality or reductions in the vulnerability of vectors to natural enemies. We investigated whether the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, a vector of cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) in wheat, experiences a reduction in rates of attack by the parasitoid wasp Aphidius colemani when actively harboring the plant pathogen. We manipulated the vector status of aphids (virus carrying or virus free) and evaluated the impact on the rate of attack by wasps. We found that vector status did not influence the survival or fecundity of aphids in the absence of parasitoids. However, virus-carrying aphids experienced higher rates of parasitism and greater overall population suppression by parasitoid wasps than virus-free aphids. Moreover, virus-carrying aphids were accepted as hosts by wasps more often than virus-free aphids, with a greater number of wasps stinging virus-carrying aphids following assessment by antennal palpations than virus-free aphids. Therefore, counter to the prevailing idea that persistent vector-borne pathogens enhance the performance of their vectors, we found that infectious aphids actively carrying a plant pathogen experience greater vulnerability to natural enemies. Our results suggest that parasitoids may contribute to the successful biological control of CYDV by disproportionately impacting virus-carrying vectors, and thus reducing the proportion of vectors in the population that are infectious

Políticas públicas, estatalidades e experimentações neoliberalizantes: o estado do Rio de Janeiro como um caso situado

The article aims to situate public policies, and the challenges of establishing statecraft and statehoods and state actions of another nature within the context of recent, ongoing neoliberalization processes in Latin America. It seeks to identify the structural determinants of this situation and investigates how such processes have impacted government capacities. Using the State of Rio de Janeiro as a situated case study, it examines the socio-economic and institutional implications of the neoliberalization process in the structural and conjunctural circumstances of the deep, multidimensional crisis which the society of Rio de Janeiro is currently experiencing. The article reveals the various restrictions involved in effecting an inclusive, durable development agenda within the state territory, which has increasingly been subjected to pro-market logic. Thus, it discusses the need to reconstitute the statecraft and statehoods, formed on a new basis, in order to undertake actions that carry emancipatory values.O artigo busca situar as políticas públicas e os desafios de constituir ações estatais e estatalidades de outra natureza no contexto dos processos de neoliberalização recentes e/ou em curso na América Latina. Procura identificar os determinantes estruturais e averiguar os modos pelos quais tais processos impactam as capacidades governativas. Utilizando o estado do Rio de Janeiro como um estudo de caso situado, realiza-se um exame das implicações socioeconômicas e institucionais do processo de neoliberalização, nas circunstâncias estruturais e conjunturais da crise profunda e multidimensional pela qual passa a sociedade fluminense. São apontadas diversas restrições à execução de uma agenda inclusiva e durável de desenvolvimento no território estadual, que tem sido cada vez mais submetido às lógicas pró-mercado. Por isso, é discutida a necessidade de reconstituir, em novas bases, estatalidades portadoras de valores emancipatórios