CONSUMO DE FIBRAS ALIMENTARES ENTRE INDIVÍDUOS ADULTOS EM UM SUPERMERCADO DE SÃO LUÍS, MARANHÃO / FIBER FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG ADULTS INDIVIDUALS IN A SUPERMARKET OF SÃO LUÍS, MARANHÃO

Introdução: O consumo adequado de fibras possui importante participação na promoção do funcionamento intestinal,prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, obesidade, dislipidemias e neoplasias intestinais. Objetivo:Estimar a ingestão de fibras em indivíduos adultos em um supermercado de São Luís (MA). Métodos: Estudo transversal,realizado em um supermercado da capital maranhense, com a participação de 133 consumidores. Foram avaliadas característicaseconômicas, grau de escolaridade e o consumo de fibras. Os dados foram apresentados por meio de frequências eporcentagens. Resultados: Observou-se que 60,9% dos clientes avaliados eram mulheres, 32,0% possuíam idade 41 a 50anos, 52,6% possuíam ensino médio e 24,0% pertenciam a classe C1. Vinte e cinco por cento teve um consumo de fibrasdesejável. O consumo desejável de fibras apresentou diferença significante com o sexo, com a escolaridade e com a classificaçãoeconômica. Ou seja, os homens (57,6%) com idade entre 41 e 50 (45,5%), com ensino superior (57,6%) e pertencentesà classe B2 (42,4%) apresentaram consumo adequado de fibras. Conclusão: O consumo desejável de fibras ainda ébaixo entre indivíduos adultos, sendo mais frequente em homens na quarta década de vida, com nível superior de escolaridadee classe econômica B2.Palavras-chave: Fibras na dieta. Consumo de alimentos. Inquéritos nutricionais.AbstractIntroduction: Adequate fiber intake has an important role in promoting good bowel function, prevention of cardiovasculardisease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia and intestinal cancers. Objective: Estimate the intake of adult'sfibers in a supermarket of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a supermarket of the capital theState of Maranhão, Brazil, with the participation of 133 consumers. They were evaluated economic characteristics, schoolingand fiber intake. The data were presented by frequencies and percentages. Results: It was observed that 60.9% of valuedclients were women, 32.0% were aged 41 to 50 years, 52.6% had high school and 24.0% belonged to C1.Vinte class andfive percent had a consumption of desirable fibers. The desirable fiber intake showed a significant difference with sex, age,schooling and the economic classification. That is, men (57.6%/p<0,001) aged between 41 and 50 (45.5%/p<0,001), withhigher education (57.6%/p<0,002) and belonging to class B2 (42.4%/p<0,001) had adequate fiber intake. Conclusion: Thedesirable fiber consumption is still low among adults and is more common in men in the fourth decade of life, with higherlevel of education and economic class B2.Keywords: Fiber in the diet. Food consumption. Nutritional surveys

CAUSAS DE INTERRUPÇÃO DE NUTRIÇÃO ENTERAL EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA / CAUSES OF INTERRUPTION OF ENTERAL NUTRITION IN INTENSIVE THERAPY UNITS

Introdução: A terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes críticos contribui na recuperação do estado clínico e a interrupção dessanutrição pode ocasionar inúmeros prejuízos. Objetivo: Identificar as causas de interrupção da administração da nutrição enteralem pacientes de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, de caráter observacional e prospectivo, realizadona Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Geral e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cardiológica do Hospital Universitário da UniversidadeFederal do Maranhão. Participaram da pesquisa 53 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, que receberam exclusivamentenutrição por via enteral por pelo menos 72 horas, no período de julho a dezembro de 2015. Resultados: Observou-seque 56,6% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, 43,4% com idade entre 61 a 80 anos, com média de permanência na Unidadede Terapia Intensiva de 21,1 dias e média de permanência com nutrição enteral de 16,6 dias. Verificou-se que o pós-operatórioimediato foi o motivo de internação com maior frequência (37,7%) e os principais motivos de interrupção da dieta foram jejumpara procedimentos (20,2%) e problemas relacionados à sonda nasoenteral (18,0%). A diferença entre o volume prescrito e ovolume infundido apresentou média de 2.629 ml, demonstrando que os pacientes deixaram de receber 17,3% da dieta prescrita.Conclusão: Identificou-se que, devido às interrupções, os pacientes críticos recebem menos dieta enteral que o prescrito,impossibilitando atingir a meta terapêutica. Constatou-se que as causas de interrupção da nutrição enteral são, por vezes,evitáveis, o que sugere que a equipe multiprofissional busque minimizá-las.Palavras-chave: Nutrição enteral. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Avaliação nutricional.AbstractIntroduction: Enteral nutritional therapy in critically ill patients contributes to the recovery of clinical status and discontinuationof this nutrition can lead to numerous losses. Objective: To identify the causes of interruption of the administration of enteralnutrition in patients of Intensive Care Units. Methods: Quantitative, observational and prospective study, conducted at the GeneralIntensive Care Unit and Cardiology Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão. Participatingin the study were 53 patients aged 18 years or over who exclusively received enteral nutrition for at least 72 hours fromJuly to December 2015. Results: It was observed that 56.6% of the patients were males, 43.4% were aged between 61 and 80years, with a mean stay in the Intensive Care Unit of 21,1 days and mean stay with enteral nutrition of 16,6 days. It was verifiedthat the immediate postoperative period was the reason for hospitalization more frequently (37.7%) and the main reasons forinterrupting the diet were fasting for procedures (20.2%) and problems related to the nasoenteral tube (18.0%). The differencebetween the prescribed volume and the infused volume presented an average of 2.629 ml, demonstrating that the patientsstopped receiving 17.3% of the prescribed diet. Conclusion: It was identified that due to interruptions, critical patients receiveless enteral diet than prescribed, making it impossible to reach the therapeutic goal. It was found that the causes of interruptionof enteral nutrition are sometimes avoidable, which suggests that the multiprofessional team seeks to minimize them.Keywords: Enteral nutrition. Intensive care unit. Nutritional assessment

Development and validation of the MMCD score to predict kidney replacement therapy in COVID-19 patients

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently associated with COVID-19, and the need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is considered an indicator of disease severity. This study aimed to develop a prognostic score for predicting the need for KRT in hospitalised COVID-19 patients, and to assess the incidence of AKI and KRT requirement. Methods This study is part of a multicentre cohort, the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry. A total of 5212 adult COVID-19 patients were included between March/2020 and September/2020. Variable selection was performed using generalised additive models (GAM), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for score derivation. Accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results The median age of the model-derivation cohort was 59 (IQR 47–70) years, 54.5% were men, 34.3% required ICU admission, 20.9% evolved with AKI, 9.3% required KRT, and 15.1% died during hospitalisation. The temporal validation cohort had similar age, sex, ICU admission, AKI, required KRT distribution and in-hospital mortality. The geographic validation cohort had similar age and sex; however, this cohort had higher rates of ICU admission, AKI, need for KRT and in-hospital mortality. Four predictors of the need for KRT were identified using GAM: need for mechanical ventilation, male sex, higher creatinine at hospital presentation and diabetes. The MMCD score had excellent discrimination in derivation (AUROC 0.929, 95% CI 0.918–0.939) and validation (temporal AUROC 0.927, 95% CI 0.911–0.941; geographic AUROC 0.819, 95% CI 0.792–0.845) cohorts and good overall performance (Brier score: 0.057, 0.056 and 0.122, respectively). The score is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator ( https://www.mmcdscore.com/ ). Conclusions The use of the MMCD score to predict the need for KRT may assist healthcare workers in identifying hospitalised COVID-19 patients who may require more intensive monitoring, and can be useful for resource allocation

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora