Analysis of the fulfillment of state normative on the environmetal impacto evaluation of large dams projects

En nuestro trabajo se realiza un análisis de las declaraciones de impacto ambiental (DIA) hechas públicas en el BOE desde 1990 al 2001, sobre proyectos de grandes presas. Se puede observar el incumplimiento del arficulado sobre el contenido del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental especificado en el Reglamento 1131/1988, de 30 de septiembre, que se detalla en el trabajo. Asimismo se analizan las deficiencias encontradas en las DIA, documento de gran importancia en la aprobación y especificación de los condicionantes necesarios para que el desarrollo del proyecto no cause un impacto irreparable.The purpose of this work consists on specfiing through un analysis of the DIA emitted in Spain, for theprojecfi of large dams. which are the most signi/icant aspects that are considered, how the studies of environmental impact presented are assess and what deficiencies or adaptation lack fo the evaluation procedure are detected. We concludes with someproposals in order to improve the procedure in the elaboration of the DIA according lo appropriate execution of that are speciJed in the state environmenlai normative

Análisis del cumplimiento de la normativa estatal sobre la evaluación de impacto ambiental para proyectos de grandes presas

The purpose of this work consists on specifying through un analysis of the DIA emitted in Spain, for the projects of large dams. which are the most significant aspects that are considered, how the studies of environmental impact presented are assess and what deficiencies or adaptation lack fo the evaluation procedure are detected. We concludes with some proposals in order to improve the procedure in the elaboration of the DIA according lo appropriate execution of that are specifed in the state environmental normative.En nuestro trabajo se realiza un análisis de las declaraciones de impacto ambiental (DIA) hechas públicas en el BOE desde 1990 al 2001, sobre proyectos de grandes presas. Se puede observar el incumplimiento del articulado sobre el contenido del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental especificado en el Reglamento 1131/1988, de 30 de septiembre, que se detalla en el trabajo. Asimismo se analizan las deficiencias encontradas en las DIA, documento de gran importancia en la aprobación y especificación de los condicionantes necesarios para que el desarrollo del proyecto no cause un impacto irreparable

Toward an integrative understanding of social behavior: new models and new opportunities.

Social interactions among conspecifics are a fundamental and adaptively significant component of the biology of numerous species. Such interactions give rise to group living as well as many of the complex forms of cooperation and conflict that occur within animal groups. Although previous conceptual models have focused on the ecological causes and fitness consequences of variation in social interactions, recent developments in endocrinology, neuroscience, and molecular genetics offer exciting opportunities to develop more integrated research programs that will facilitate new insights into the physiological causes and consequences of social variation. Here, we propose an integrative framework of social behavior that emphasizes relationships between ultimate-level function and proximate-level mechanism, thereby providing a foundation for exploring the full diversity of factors that underlie variation in social interactions, and ultimately sociality. In addition to identifying new model systems for the study of human psychopathologies, this framework provides a mechanistic basis for predicting how social behavior will change in response to environmental variation. We argue that the study of non-model organisms is essential for implementing this integrative model of social behavior because such species can be studied simultaneously in the lab and field, thereby allowing integration of rigorously controlled experimental manipulations with detailed observations of the ecological contexts in which interactions among conspecifics occur

Oxytocin system polymorphisms rs237887 and rs2740210 variants increase the risk of depression in pregnant women with early abuse

Prepartum depression is associated with early adversity, pregnancy complications, preterm delivery, postpartum depression, and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment. The oxytocin (OXT) system is affected by early adverse experiences and has been associated with depression. In the current study, we investigated risk factors for prenatal depressive symptoms, mainly the effects of early childhood and adolescence trauma, in combination with the presence of certain variants of polymorphisms of OXT and OXT receptor (OXTR) genes. We hypothesized that early childhood and adolescence trauma has higher negative effects in carriers of genetic variants of the OXT/OXTR system, increasing their risk for depression. Early in pregnancy (8–14 weeks), 141 pregnant women from a Uruguayan population were asked to provide DNA samples and complete questionnaires that assessed their experience of child abuse, depression symptoms, and other variables that included demographic information. Our results showed that 23.5% of pregnant women had depressive symptoms. Several OXT and OXTR genetic variants were associated with higher risk of prepartum depression only in those pregnant women who suffered emotional abuse during infancy or adolescence. Logistic regression (Nagelkerke's R2 = .33) revealed that women who suffered early abuse and were carriers of the variants CC of rs2740210 (OXT) or AA of rs237887 (OXTR) had significantly higher risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. Antecedents of psychiatric disorders also contributed to the risk of depression. We conclude that emotional abuse contributes to the risk of depression in different ways in women carrying different OXT and OXTR genetic variants. Early detection and closer follow-up of women with child abuse and certain OXT genetic variants, among other risk factors, could reduce the long-term impact of prepartum depression